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The "greenization" of papermaking enterprise behavior is an important approach to transition towards to environmental protection and green development mode. Aiming at the problem that it is difficult to quantitatively evaluate the green behavior performance of papermaking enterprises, a new model of green behavior performance evaluation of papermaking enterprises is proposed based on rough set and cloud model theory. Firstly, the factors influencing the green behavior performance of papermaking enterprises are identified, and an evaluation index system for the green behavior of papermaking enterprises is established. Secondly, using rough set theory, the weight of each layer in the index system is determined. Subsequently, considering the fuzziness and uncertainty of index evaluation, the cloud model is employed to construct the performance evaluation model of green behavior of papermaking enterprises. The weights are combined with the evaluation model to finally calculate the performance level of green behavior of papermaking enterprises. Finally, a comprehensive evaluation is conducted, taking the green behavior performance of a papermaking enterprise as the research object. The results show that: (1) The green behavior performance level of the papermaking enterprise is in a good level, but there are pollution penalties caused by inadequate management in pollutant discharge management. In terms of energy structure, coal is the main source of energy, and a large amount of oxides are emitted. (2) The calculation results of the evaluation method are basically consistent with the actual situation. It can reflect the actual effect of the green behavior of the enterprise, and verify the reliability, rationality and effectiveness of the model [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of technology has resulted in a surge in the volume of digital data available. This situation creates a problem for users who need assistance in locating specific information within this massive collection of data, resulting in a time-consuming process. Automatic Text Summarization systems have been developed as a more effective solution than traditional summarization techniques to address this problem and improve user access to relevant information. It is well known that researchers in the health sciences find it difficult to keep up with the latest literature due to their busy schedules. This study aims to produce comprehensive abstracts of Turkish-language scientific papers in the field of health sciences. Although abstracts of scientific papers are already available, more thorough summaries are still needed. To the best of our knowledge, no previous attempt has been made to automatically summarize Turkish language health science papers. For this purpose, a dataset of 105 Turkish papers was collected from DergiPark. Term Frequency, Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, Latent Semantic Analysis, TextRank, and Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithms were chosen as extractive text summarization methods due to their frequent use in this field. The performance of the text summarization models was evaluated using recall, precision, and F-score metrics, and the algorithms gave satisfactory results for Turkish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Forestry Economy is the property of China Forestry Economy Magazine Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the relative performance of Mazandaran Wood and Paper Company as a major supplier of paper products in Iran was measured. Network Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models with parallel structure were used to evaluate and measure its performance. GAMS software version 23.4 was used for data analysis. Results indicated that this company in all studied years had good performances based on the parallel DEA models. Also, according to the same models with parallel structure, 2007 and 2008 had better efficiency score than the other years. Finally, results indicated that, using the cross efficiency models, the company had the best performance in 2007. This result could be due to the input-oriented nature of the models. Consequently, by proper management and optimum consumption of the resources, the company had the best performance in 2007. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: New methods are constantly being developed to adapt cognitive load measurement to different contexts. However, research on middle childhood students' cognitive load measurement is rare. Research indicates that the three cognitive load dimensions (intrinsic, extraneous, and germane) can be measured well in adults and teenagers using differentiated subjective rating instruments. Moreover, digital ink recorded by smartpens could serve as an indicator for cognitive load in adults. Aims: With the present research, we aimed at investigating the relation between subjective cognitive load ratings, velocity and pressure measures recorded with a smartpen, and performance in standardized sketching tasks in middle childhood students. Sample: Thirty‐six children (age 7–12) participated at the university's laboratory. Methods: The children performed two standardized sketching tasks, each in two versions. The induced intrinsic cognitive load or the extraneous cognitive load was varied between the versions. Digital ink was recorded while the children drew with a smartpen on real paper and after each task, they were asked to report their perceived intrinsic and extraneous cognitive load using a newly developed 5‐item scale. Results: Results indicated that cognitive load ratings as well as velocity and pressure measures were substantially related to the induced cognitive load and to performance in both sketching tasks. However, cognitive load ratings and smartpen measures were not substantially related. Conclusions: Both subjective rating and digital ink hold potential for cognitive load and performance measurement. However, it is questionable whether they measure the exact same constructs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using empirical data I demonstrate that the result of performance evaluations by percentiles can be drastically influenced by the proper choice of the journal in which a manuscript is published. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: There is a large value in making Pulp and Paper mills more energy efficient. ABB has developed an energy assessment service where opportunities to save energy in the paper machine are identified. The energy assessment is done by quantifying energy flows, benchmarking energy users, data mining and steam sensitivity analysis and by experiments and additional measurements at the paper machine. Energy quantification helped in identifying main energy consumer, benchmarking was useful to assess the gap between operating performance and best performance whereas data mining and steam sensitivity analysis helped in studying the impact of key operating variables on performance of paper machines. After the assessment an action plan was presented to the mill for energy efficiency improvement together with a return on investment. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper encompasses the corrections of the paper "File System Performance Comparison in Full Hardware Virtualization with ESXi, KVM, Hyper-V, and Xen Hypervisors." The corrections have been made in section II. RELATED WORK, OBJECTIVE AND MOTIVATION, and the References section. The paper "File System Performance Comparison in Full Hardware Virtualization with ESXi, KVM, Hyper-V, and Xen Hypervisors," authored by B. Djordjevic, V. Timcenko, N. Kraljevic, N. Macek, represents a significant extension of the IEEE conference paper "File system performance comparison in full hardware virtualization with ESXi and Xen hypervisors," authored by B. Dordevic, V. Timcenko, N. Kraljevic, and N. Davidovic. This paper explains the corrections of the "File System Performance Comparison in Full Hardware Virtualization with ESXi, KVM, Hyper-V, and Xen Hypervisors" paper and compares the mentioned papers in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports the results from an experiment examining the effect of paper color on student performance on quiz scores in Principles of Accounting courses. The ten-year study included classes taught by five instructors and involved almost 4,000 student scores. The paper colors utilized on the quizzes were four pastels (yellow, green, blue, and pink) and white. Contrary to some similar studies, the current study found that paper color did have a significant effect on student performance. Students with white and yellow colored paper performed significantly better than students with either blue or pink colored paper . Students with green colored paper performed somewhere in the middle of the other four colors. Prior research is compared with the current study findings, and it is suggested that, given the past somewhat inconsistent findings of color effects, further research is warranted to disentangle the mixed results and instructors should consider utilizing other means to deter cheating. If an instructor feels that the only method he or she can employ to monitor cheating is to color-code exams, the instructor should consider using a combination of white, yellow, or green pastel colored exams, and avoid blue or pink colored exams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates citations of influential papers in the marketing and management area. These papers are successful in terms of the direct citations they receive (i.e., primary citations). To be truly influential, however, the papers citing them must in turn be used and cited by subsequent papers (i.e., have secondary citations) to demonstrate their long-run relevance. We propose a measure of enduring impact that takes into account (1) both primary and secondary citations and (2) the number of citations in the bibliography. The measure is non-linearly (exponentially) related to the traditional influence measure (i.e., primary citations to a paper) and captures the dissemination of knowledge from a paper more completely than cumulative or average primary citations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Wuhan University Journal. Humanity Sciences / Wuhan Daxue Xuebao. Renwen Kexue Ban is the property of Wuhan University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract: Inventory pooling occurs when different actors share their inventories with the aim of reducing costs while improving performances. The paper-making industry requires large amounts of ready to install spares aimed at assuring high availability, but presents the drawback of excessive inventory costs. Pooling inventories, with the support of appropriate IT solutions, can be considered an effective strategy to improve availability while reducing the total costs. In the present work a real-life implementation within an important Italian paper-making district has been successfully carried out. Throughout the study the most recent theoretical models have been adapted after a methodical analysis that has been devoted to allow the identification and of the most significant issues and the building of a wide and solid agreement among the participants. Indeed, this required a thorough investigation, since the involved actors are generally competitors and only agree to pool inventories if this leads to increasing profits for themselves. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Carbon black, a black material popular for use in electronic paper, could limit the performance of the electronic paper due to its non-uniform structure. Carbon spheres, with spherical shape and relatively narrow size distribution, are expected to overcome this limitation and substitute for carbon black in the electronic paper. Carbon spheres were synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction using glucose as a raw material. By controlling reaction time and glucose concentration, appropriate non-agglomerated carbon spheres with an average diameter of 202.26 (±26.15) nm were fabricated. To increase their dispersibility in dielectric fluid, p-(2-ethylhexyl acrylate) was grafted onto the surface of the carbon spheres. Then, acid and base charge control agents were mixed with the carbon spheres to produce a pigment with higher mobility in the dielectric fluid. The optimized combination of pigment, charge control agent and solvent reveals reasonably fast switching time of about 540 ms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Thin and narrow conductive patterns of metal (silver)and organicpolymer (polyaniline) were printed on various coated paper samples.A detailed characterization of the physical properties (i.e., shortlength scale roughness, surface energy, and air permeability) of thepaper samples was conducted. These properties were correlated withprint quality (print resolution and edge waviness) and electricalperformance (resistance) of the printed wires. A plastic film wasused as a reference substrate. The print resolution and the magnitudeof the edge waviness were affected by the complex interplay of differentphysical properties of both the substrate and the ink. On the otherhand, the resistance of the printed wires was found to correlate linearlywith the short length scale roughness of the print substrate. Theelectrical performance of the paper substrates showing the highestconductivity for the printed patterns was comparable to that of theplastic film. The paper substrate on which the printed wires showedthe best electrical performance was used as a substrate for fabricationof an organic transistor with low operating voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The systematic, transparent and accurate on-line energy information of the production process is quite the basis of mill energy management and conservation. An Energy Management System (EMS) was built according to the characteristics of the energy usage in a typical newsprint paper mill. The EMS first realized the process data acquisition and integration, second fulfilled the on-line energy information calculation from the integrated data. A water and steam properties query component based on IAPWS-IF97 was developed and plugged into the EMS to facilitate the energy calculation of water and steam. The practical performance in the paper mill showed that the integrated energy information of the whole mill was gained and the on-line energy supervisory was achieved. In the end a systematic, transparent and accurate energy usage profile is obtained and it would provide the valuable fundamental energy data for the further energy analysis and optimization in the EMS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The intent of this study is to determine the minimum ambient illumination requirement for legible electronic-paper display. Not only the young but also the elderly were included as research subjects. Through the method of character-search task, the results indicated that the significant performance improvement of all subjects occurred at 52lux on the search time and at 62lux on the subjective visual fatigue. Therefore, the minimum ambient illumination requirement for legible electronic-paper display can be synthesized at 62lux. This minimum point of ambient illumination for the young and the elderly represents that the reflective-type display started presenting its better legibility and the subjective visual fatigue started decreasing. As electronic-paper display technology applications gradually expand, product designers need notice this fundamental limit of electronic-paper display when they continue to create possible applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pulp and paper industry generates effluent containing harmful compounds like chlorophenols which are difficult to biodegrade. It requires an appropriate treatment in order to meet the stringent discharge standards. In this work, a bench scale column type sequential batch reactor (SBR) was employed for treating pulp and paper wastewater. The performance of SBR, seeded with acclimatized sludge was optimized and analysed for maximizing COD and AOX removal. The process parameters viz; pH, initial COD, cycle time and MLSS were optimized and their effects on response variables: COD removal efficiency, AOX removal efficiency and SVI were investigated. The optimum conditions were determined to be: initial COD 1200 mg/l, pH 7.5, MLSS 2100 mg/L and cycle time 15 h, for 73.2% COD removal, 57.6% AOX removal and 122.8 mL/g SVI. The complex compounds were broken down into numerous intermediate compounds thus enhancing COD and AOX removal with low SVI. The bio-kinetics of the optimized system was also analyzed in order to understand the bacterial nature towards substrate utilization. Two kinetic models namely Grau second-order model and Stover-Kincannon model were found to be fitwell with high correlation coefficients (R² = 0.99) for COD as well as AOX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Forming fabrics are an integral component in the production of paper. Wet paper is dewatered and partially dried on belts made from the forming fabrics. The process of moving across water removing devices at the high speeds causes the fabric to wear. In fact, wear is the primary degradation mechanisms which control the lifespan of the fabric. Several wear tests exist for measuring the wear of these forming fabrics, however, there is no agreed upon industry standard. Further these tests measure the resistance of a finished woven fabric to wear. In order to overcome this limitation, a new test was devised that measures the performance of single yarn filaments in a realistic simulated environment. This test also allows easy comparison of the wear caused by different counterfaces used during paper production. The test consists of a single loop of filament tensioned against a cylindrical form. This shaped loop is submersed in a test solution and run against a counterface. Two different filament materials were tested against alumina and zirconia counterfaces in several different test solutions. Tests were conducted for both a fixed distance and until filament failure. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate the wear mechanisms that occurred during testing. The fabrics tested displayed similar wear characteristics to fabrics used in actual paper production. Differences in wear rate were seen both for different filament materials and counterface materials. This indicates that this new test can be used to evaluate the wear behavior of forming fabrics. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Quantification is a fundamental aspect of performance of an analytical system. Paper-based analytical device (PAD) as an on-site detection platform has drawn wide attention mainly due to its portability and cost effectiveness. In this work, a portable and low-cost PAD for online preconcentration and sensitive determination of fluorescent whitening agent (FWA) was demonstrated, which was consisted of ultra violet light-emitting diode (UV LED), macro-focusing lens, smartphone and miniaturized DC voltage source. Taking a widely used FWA component VBL as the analyte, the performance of the PAD enhanced with electrokinetic stacking (ES) and fluorescence imaging detection was systematically investigated. With ES, the sensitivity of the PAD system was 160-fold enhanced, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.06 μg mL −1 was achieved. The dynamic range was 0.1–10.0 μg mL −1 (linear in 0.1–0.7 μg mL −1 , R 2 = 0.99). With manual operation, the relative standard deviation (RSD) of intra-day and inter-day were all below 15%. Eventually, VBL from different napkin samples and toilet paper was determined with average recovery rates in the range of 90%–95% (RSD = 8.0%–12.0%). This work shows that with ES, the sensitivity of PAD can be greatly improved, and a LOD close to a desktop fluorescent spectrophotometer can be achieved as demonstrated by the detection of FWA component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first perovskite solar cell (PSC) fabricated directly on a paper substrate is here reported delivering a maximum power conversion efficiency of 2.7%. The paper PSCs (PPSC) were developed with a low-temperature paper/Au/SnO2/meso-TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3/Spiro-OMeTAD/MoOx/ Au/MoOx architectureutilizingAu/SnO2 and MoOx/Au/MoOx stacks as electron- and hole- extracting electrodes respectively. The transparent MoOx/Au/MoOx electrode had a favourable combination of transmittance (62.5%) and sheet resistance ( $9~\Omega /\Box $ ). By comparing performance of cells on paper with those fabricated on glass and plastic films with different electrodes, we identify avenues to guide future improvements. All deposition processes are scalable and compatible with large area printing or evaporation technologies. Paper represents a lightweight, flexible, inexpensive, ubiquitous, and environmentally friendly cellulosic material, paving the way for integrating perovskite technology with other electronic components as well as for the development of independent light-harvesting photovoltaic devices on recyclable and low-cost cellulose paper substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Recommendation algorithms have been researched extensively to help people deal with abundance of information. In recent years, the incorporation of multiple relevance criteria has attracted increased interest. Such multi-criteria recommendation approaches are researched as a paradigm for building intelligent systems that can be tailored to multiple interest indicators of end-users – such as combinations of implicit and explicit interest indicators in the form of ratings or ratings on multiple relevance dimensions. Nevertheless, evaluation of these recommendation techniques in the context of real-life applications still remains rather limited. Previous studies dealing with the evaluation of recommender systems have outlined that the performance of such algorithms is often dependent on the dataset – and indicate the importance of carrying out careful testing and parameterization. Especially when looking at large scale datasets, it becomes very difficult to deploy evaluation methods that may help in assessing the effect that different system components have to the overall design. In this paper, we study how layered evaluation can be applied for the case of a multi-criteria recommendation service that we plan to deploy for paper recommendation using the Mendeley dataset. The paper introduces layered evaluation and suggests two experiments that may help assess the components of the envisaged system separately. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: As the industrial systems are growing complex these-days and data related to the system performance are recorded/collected from various resources under various practical constraints. If the collected data are used as such in the analysis, then they have high range of uncertainties occurred in the analysis and hence performance of the system cannot be done up to desired levels. Thus the main objective of the present work is to remove the uncertainties in the data up to a desired degree of accuracy by utilizing the uncertain, vague and limited data. For analysis of this, an artificial bee colony based Lambda–Tau (ABCBLT) methodology has been used in which expression of the reliability parameters are computed by using Lambda–Tau methodology and their membership functions are formulated by solving a nonlinear optimization problem with artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. A time varying failure rate has been used in the analysis instead of constant failure rate. A new RAM-Index has been proposed for ranking the systems’ components based on its performance. The technique has been demonstrated through a case study of press unit of a paper industry, situated in Northern part of India, producing 200tons of paper per day. The results computed by the proposed approach are compared with the Lambda–Tau methodology and concluded that they have a reduced region of prediction in comparison of existing technique region, i.e. uncertainties involved in the analysis are reduced. Thus, it may be a more useful analysis tool to assess the current system conditions and involved uncertainties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Communicable diseases are one of the main health problems in Iran. This study aimed at demonstrating the progress of communicable diseases management in more than 30 years of its implementation and pointing out its strengths and weaknesses, as well. Materials and Methods: This interview-based study using content analysis method was conducted in 2014. Data were collected through deep interviews. Fifteen interviews were conducted with all experts and health system managers at Iran's communicable diseases management center. The collected data were analyzed using the principles suggested by Strauss and Corbin. Results: The establishment of the communicable disease surveillance system was a revolution in the health system of Iran. The strengths of the system are as follows: networkbased and integrated health services, well-organized and knowledgeable personnel, national and international supports, strategic and operational plans, and expanded programs of immunization. On the other hand, its weaknesses mentioned by the participants were: disease-based case definition, poor public awareness, poor inter-sectoral collaboration and coordination, insufficient resources, delayed or no notifying target diseases, lack of district laws or incomplete implementation of legislation, failure to provide feedback or ignoring for the results of the analysis, and lack of performance evaluation. Conclusion: Although the implementation of the communicable diseases surveillance system was a huge achievement in the health system of Iran, however, it needs more improvements based on the present situation. Revision of the rules, restoration and strengthening of the existing structure, the use of modern information and communication technologies, and the establishment of the monitoring and evaluation system are helpful to increase its success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the effect of presentation media (PC tablet versus pencil and paper) on the performance, level of visual fatigue, and subjective preference of those taking visuospatial tests. Fifty university students participated and performed three visuospatial short-term memory tests and three visuospatial ability tests by using both types of display media. The display medium substantially affected all of the measured variables ( p < 0.01). On average, the paper–pencil test scores of the visuospatial short-term memory tests were about 10% higher and the answer time was about 20% shorter than those of the PC tablet tests. The average paper–pencil test score of the visuospatial ability tests was about 35% higher than the average test score of the PC tablet test. The visuospatial performance was substantially decreased under the PC tablet condition compared with that under the pencil–paper condition. In addition, visual fatigue was greater when participants used the PC tablet than when they used a pencil and paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current energy shortage and environmental issues resulting from the use of fossil fuels have led to exploitation of renewable energy resources that includes municipal waste and agricultural residues. These residues are available, indigenous and are environmental friendly but some cannot be used directly in combustion process due high moisture content and low volumetric energy unless by briquetting. The study was undertaken to assess the combustion characteristic of binder-less briquettes produced from waste paper and groundnut shell. Combustion characteristics investigated were ignition time, burning time, calorific values, burning rate, specific fuel consumption, fuel efficiency and water boiling time. The calorific values of the briquettes ranged from 19.51 - 19.92 MJ/kg, while the thermal efficiency ranges between 13.75 - 21.64%, other results shows that the average burning rate between 0.511 and 1.133 kg/hr and the specific fuel consumption ranges between 0.087 and 0.131 J/g. The recorded boiling time values were between 17.5 and 30.0 minutes for cold start and 15.0 and 20.0 minutes for hot start. The results shows that waste paper and groundnut shell up to 25% in composition composite briquettes were found to have good combustion characteristics which qualify them as alternative to firewood for domestic and industrial energy. However, production of briquettes from waste paper and groundnut shell at mixing ratio of 85:15 was found to comparatively better from all experiment conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Carbon fiber reinforced paper-based friction (CFRPF) material is a new type wet friction material which has been used in automatic transmission. In this study, four kinds of CFRPF were prepared by paper-making process with cashew-modified phenolic resin. The resin contents ranged from 35wt.% to 50wt.%, and the effect of phenolic resin on properties of CFRPF was investigated. Porosity of the samples was measured by liquid permeation method. The degradation characteristics of the samples were analyzed using a thermal analyzer. The friction and wear properties were tested by a wet friction performance tester. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also employed to study the wear mechanisms. Experimental results indicated that the reinforced fibers were dispersed uniformly in the phenolic matrix, containing some pores with different size. There were three stages in the thermal degradation of CFRPF, and the resin content had great effect on the degradation temperature at the second stage. Lots of tiny wear particles were found on the surface of the worn samples with lower resin content. Continuous friction film was formed on the worn surface with the increasing resin content, which efficiently enhanced wear resistance of the samples. Comprehensively, the samples with lower resin content (ranging from 35wt.% to 40wt.%) demonstrated better potential with high friction coefficient, excellent friction stability, good heat-resistance and reasonable strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: This study was to develop a new building material, Wood-Crete, using sawdust, waste paper and Tradical lime. The paper presents the processing technologies, factors which affect the performance of the developed composites, and properties of Wood-Crete. The results showed that lightweight sustainable blocks can be produced with good insulating and other relevant properties for building construction with density ranging from 356 to 713kg/m3 and compressive strength from 0.06 to 0.80MPa. The properties were closely related to the composition of Wood-Crete with an addition of waste paper being a dominant influence on both strength and thermal conductivity, reflecting its effect on the structure of composite and contribution of self strength of paper fibres. The combined effect of sawdust and waste paper and Tradical lime had a direct effect on the strength properties of Wood-Crete. Of significant importance was the contribution of self strength of Wood-Crete due to the influence of the size of sawdust particles used. The developed Wood-Crete was able to withstand considerable amount of impact load and considered, like hempcrete, most suitable for wall panelling or other non- and semi-structural applications with good thermal insulating properties. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]