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Helena, Arkansas, was incorporated in 1833. The Mississippi River Delta city isn't a likely candidate for most people's lists enumerating Black Meccas. Yet, Helena was a concentration point for Contrabands and African American enlistment in the Union Army during the Civil War. After the war and during Reconstruction, Helena developed a thriving African American community with Black-owned businesses and an African American college. Blacks were drawn to Helena during the mid-20th century for employment in manufacturing and agricultural processing. They also came to Helena for opportunities as music entrepreneurs: Helena was a blues city for most of the 20th century. This paper explores Helena's rises and falls as a Southern Black Mecca. The Elaine Massacre of 1919, the Great Migration, and late 20th century deindustrialization were serial hits on Helena's Black communities. Municipal efforts to jumpstart the city's economy focused on African American heritage have had mixed results and significant implications for Helena's African American residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: This paper is a report on a study exploring a potential typology of primary care patients referred for integrated behavioral health care (IBHC) services. We considered whether primary care patients could be grouped into meaningful clusters based on perceived need for behavioral health services, barriers to accessing care, and past-year service utilization. We also described the development of a working partnership between our university-based research team and a federally qualified health center (FQHC).Method: A total of 105 adult primary care patients referred for same-day behavioral health appointments completed a brief self-report questionnaire assessing past-year behavioral health concerns, service utilization, and perceived barriers to utilization.Results: Hierarchical and k-means cluster analyses revealed 3 groups: (a) Well-Served patients, characterized by high perceived need for services, high service use, and low barriers to service use (40%); (b) Underserved patients, characterized by high perceived need, low service utilization, and high barriers to service use (20%); and (c) Subclinical patients, characterized by low perceived need, low service use, and low barriers to service use (20%). Clusters were reliably differentiated by age, primary language, insurance status, and global functioning.Discussion: We found primary care patients could be grouped into 3 categories and that 60% (Underserved and Subclinical) represented groups less commonly seen in traditional mental health (MH) settings. IBHC may be a promising approach for extending the reach of MH care, and partnerships between FQHCs and university-based research teams may be a promising approach for conducting research on the IBHC service-delivery model. (PsycINFO Database Record [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]