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This paper analyses the Solidarity movement narratives, focusing on church representatives, religious issues, and symbols in the Polish history textbooks for upper secondary schools between 1991 and 2018. The analysed textbooks prove to reinforce Poland's national and religious identities, with John Paul II and the priest Popieluszko being the primary national heroes of the Solidarity movement. The Catholic Church is presented as a protector of national values during the Solidarity period. The study also reveals the gradual reduction and simplification of the textbooks' content. This tendency is a trigger for the polarisation of the historical discourse, posing a weapon for secular policies to misuse the ideological and symbolic roles of the Church in reproducing the Pole-Catholic pattern in history textbooks.

As a "Dyirbal Gumbilbara Bama" woman and anthropologist in the sport for development (SfD) field, I have found that 'honouring Indigenous knowledges in research and practice' continues to be a form of 'lip service'. This position has been reached through my presence at conferences in Australia, where most attendees are non-Indigenous. The focus has been on the applied disciplines of physical education, sport, and SfD. Drawing primarily on my observations of many non-Indigenous audience members' responses to my research findings, it appears that Indigenous Ways of Knowing are either too unpalatable, shocking, or disturbing. Most concerningly, the reactions appeared most robust in instances where I have been presenting mob's knowledge and concerns about SfD in Australia. This paper reflects my experiences as a Black researcher in a dominant White 'sports' conference setting. Through exploring these experiences, I ask practitioners and researchers in sport to embrace and listen to mob's knowledge and concerns about SfD programs in Australia so that we might genuinely progress towards a time where Indigenous knowledges are honoured in research and practice.

Through this art-based paper, I bewilder the 'pioneering' approaches of Reggio Emilia by troubling how pedagogies mobilise through social media. With research-creation and posthuman theories, I notice a human-more-than-human digital entwinement inter-related with academic performativity. Whilst media lends itself to the sharing of pedagogical aesthetics, meanings can be redacted and partial when entangled within hypercapitalised economies. I contend that mediated performativities both reduce and produce. Whilst the brevity of social mediation can over-simplify, digital doings can be productive. I posit that "how" media is configured matters, and its mobilisation co-creates pedagogical knowledge as a constantly evolving cultural and critical pedagogy.

Why develop leaders? What politics are implicit in our practice? This paper uses the history and practice of Popular Education as a comparative framework to survey the politics of intentional emergence leadership pedagogy, surfacing potential alliances for building social change movements. Using a case analysis, the article elucidates the ways the classroom embodies an opportunity to explore and enact a prefigurative politics of significant social change that upends traditional relationships to authority, hierarchy, and decision-making. Exploring the opportunities and dangers of connecting the classroom to broader social movements, the article concludes by advocating that such connections could offer a firmer and more explicit stance to the question: why develop leaders?

This paper analyzes the future of education, especially the future changes in education and the people that will occupy the field. What kind of people are we educating for the future? To answer this question, I will analyze the Deleuzo-Guattarian concept of people-yet-to-come by taking into account the new perception and explanation of time and space as well as the context of the Anthropocene. In the empirical part, interviews with experts from non-educational fields are used to discuss time and space in education. Statements about the new features of people in the future reveal the picture of the future of education in the eyes of the experts and its correspondence to theoretical considerations and prognoses.

The arena of international schools is continuously growing. One under-researched 'traditional' grouping is the United World College (UWC) movement. Its idealistic long-term mission to facilitate global peace and sustainability by 'sparking change' in young peoples' lives represents an important area of study. As well as preparing young people for the two-year International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme amidst a background of co-curricular experiential learning, the UWC movement offers 'Short Courses' each year around the world. Our paper explores, for the first time, the 'Short Course' and its potential to transform and build character for social change. We present five vignettes of participants' experiences and perspectives of a 'Short Course', revealing how the every-day rhythm and interactions of the course rituals coupled with an intentionally deeply emotional experience can transform young people and empower them with the positive emotional energy needed to 'spark change' in the future.

Christian higher education (CHE) had been totally disappeared from the China mainland since the 1950s, and related studies only revived in the past 40 years since Deng Xiaoping's reform and opening up policy in 1978. The present paper is an attempt to report what had happened in the past 40 years, and to illustrate some significant contributions the resurgence of the study of CHE had made to the academia in the development of higher education in China. New forms of representation of CHE are found and new approaches to the study of CHE are also explored. [This paper was presented at the 2018 International Chinese Sociological Association (ICSA) Asian Conference Forty Years of China's Reform and Social Change, organized by the Center for Applied Social and Economic Research at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology on December 19-20, 2018.]

Language-in-education research can contribute to transformative progress toward educational equity and excellence. Although this assertion is likely uncontroversial within the field of language in education, agreeing on which types of research lead to which transformative progress is much less straightforward. The thought-provoking commentaries on my original article provided a range of important perspectives on this issue. Among the many relevant insights raised by commentators, I focus in this reply on seven claims related to my work on midadolescents' school-relevant language learning with connections to the larger language-in-education research field. My goal is to state my own position clearly on issues often interpreted differently through various lenses, prone to misguided assumptions, or insufficiently discussed. I draw from years of work in research-practice partnerships with public schools in the United States and abroad as well as from my accumulated personal experiences as an adult immigrant to the United States, as a mother of two Spanish-English bilingual and biliterate young women, and as an educator. To my readers, I ask that they interpret the claims discussed below not as isolated reflections but within the context of my call for moving from pedagogies of silence (Oliveira, 2022) to pedagogies of voices as described in my original article (Uccelli, 2023). Below, I first introduce and discuss each of the seven claims. I close this reply by inviting readers to work across practice and research and across paradigms and methods in multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary teams committed to working and learning together towards transforming education.

The business case for diversity--the practice of connecting human differences to an organization's bottom line--has been critiqued for its compromised treatment of human difference. Through a grounded in action discursive analysis of 19 interviews with diversity consultants, this research identifies three occupational demands that prompted consultants to use the business case: organizational access, motivation, and emotion work. The analysis also identifies strategies consultants used that met these demands without relying on the business case: connecting to mission statements, connecting to individual tasks, appealing to personal experience, sequencing, combining, balancing discourses of emotion and business, drawing on spiritual grounding, and using humor. By identifying these alternatives, this analysis seeks to decrease consultants' dependence on the business case when meeting occupational demands and consequently mitigate the negative effects that scholars have attributed to its common use and consequent discursive dominance in diversity work. Additionally, the conclusions suggest that diversity professionals and scholars might more explicitly use the notion of "discursive merger" to advocate for social change in organizations. (Contains 2 notes.)

Widening participation--though it has only recently been labelled as such--has been a continuing concern for policy makers and higher education institutions in the United Kingdom since 1945 (and before). This article reviews the evidence for four key target groups--women, lower socio-economic groups, mature adults and ethnic minorities--to produce an overall assessment, a score card, of what has been achieved, and what remains to be done. It concludes that, while progress in the recruitment of women, mature adults and ethnic minorities has been substantial--though with some qualifications--it has been much less so for lower socio-economic groups. (Contains 5 tables.)

This article draws on data from research on how early childhood centres in Aotearoa New Zealand are responding to diversity. The historical and contemporary contexts which are shaping possible responses to diversity are discussed. Two case studies of a parent-led and a teacher-led centre are presented. It is argued that it is important to be more specific both about the contexts in which a discussion of diversity occurs and what in particular is meant by diversity. The need to consider the constitutive effects of teachers' and parents' biographies within these contexts is also discussed. (Contains 2 tables.)

This article addresses the question, How do changes in policy discourses shape public representations of literacy learners and the goals of adult literacy education? It examines specifically how the agency of adult literacy learners is constructed. We carry out a critical discourse analysis of two key adult literacy policy documents from the U.K.: the manifesto "A Right to Read" (British Association of Settlements,) and "Skills for Life: The National Strategy for Improving Adult Literacy and Numeracy Skills" (Department for Education and Skills,). We describe the overall structure and genre of the documents and analyze the semiotic resources in the texts to explore the discursive shaping of adult literacy learners. Our analysis shows that, while a functional discourse of individual deficit is prominent throughout the texts, each document expresses it differently. A discourse of rights and participation in the earlier text changes to a discourse of social inclusion, conditional on duty and responsibility and narrowed to the sphere of paid employment. The profiles of individual learners are heavily framed by the dominant discourses of literacy and education that constitute the texts. We argue that the discursive shifts we trace in these national documents relate to wider changes in notions of social disadvantage, rights and citizenship, and the emergence of literacy as a key indicator of progress. Our analysis demonstrates the powerful ways in which policy documents articulate relationships between national and transnational literacies.

Lately, a deliberative conception of democracy has gained influence in policy debates throughout Europe. Individuals are here seen to be fostered into responsible, mature--democratic--citizens by being involved in dialogue. In the 1990s, calls for "democratic education" intensified in Sweden. This article analyses two pedagogical models influenced by programmes developed in the USA that have recently had a great impact in Swedish schools and elsewhere, Social and Emotional Training and Aggression Replacement Training, both teaching pupils the "art of democratic deliberation". By analysing manuals and interviews with school staff, we find that both models are based on the idea that through constant dialogue, pupils develop a "democratic mentality". Referring to Foucault, this kind of dialogue can be seen as a technology of confession, where pupils are encouraged to reflect upon themselves and their behaviour, abilities and qualities as a way to change themselves and become democratic subjects.

This paper attempts to present a Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of Nelson Mandela's defense speech "I am prepared to die," which was delivered in 1964 during his trial in what is often called as Rivonia Trial. More specifically, the paper tries to explore the hidden relations of power and ideologies that have been encoded in Mandela's defense speech. The main research question is: what are the ideological meanings Mandela tries to communicate through his speech, and how are these ideologies conveyed by CDA strategies? The paper draws on Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), as discussed in the writings of Fairclough (1989, 2013) and Van Dijk (1993, 2001, 2014). The analysis covers two levels of analysis: the lexical level and the pragmatic level of analysis. Both levels are discussed under the theoretical umbrella of CDA. The paper reveals that Mandela managed, by using specific CDA strategies, to communicate particular ideological meanings that reflect his political stance, as well as his rebellious spirit as the most distinguished revolutionary leader who struggles against racial discrimination in South Africa.

The aim of this paper is to clarify the effects of digital transformation on educational institutions and to outline the challenges that arise and need to be addressed in this context. Teaching and learning processes should be continuously developed due to changes in educational requirements as well as social and technological changes. Therefore, within this paper, these technological changes are described in the first step. In the next step, the challenges facing higher education institutions, as a result of digital transformation are discussed, and strategies for the further development of higher education, regarding digital transformation, are described. In this context, a research study that focuses on the self- assessment of the digital competencies of students is outlined and the results are presented. The first results emphasize the need for further development in technology-supported teaching and learning processes at higher education institutions. The implementation of technology-supported teaching and learning settings and the rethinking of present teaching content is seen as both a challenge and an opportunity for preparing students -- as well as lecturers -- for digital transformation. With regard to the current COVID-19 situation, this is a challenge that must be met sooner rather than later.

The chairman of the drafting committee of the modern Indian Constitution, Dr Bhim Rao Ambedkar, emphasized that education cultivates democracy in society, strengthens the roots of democracy, and brings about social transformation. The social transformation includes a way of life that will promote liberty, equality, and fraternity, which are Dr Ambedkar's "key elements of an ideal society". This paper discusses the implications for higher education campuses for achieving an ideal society in light of the emerging evidence on peer group formation around identities and issues of discrimination associated with caste in the context of increasing student diversity. The paper also emphasizes the important role of a civic-learning approach to higher education; meaning an active engagement with values of liberty, equality, and fraternity. There is a shared belief that higher education has a great potential to be a social laboratory for civic learning and to inculcate democratic values and foster peaceful interactions among members of diverse groups.

When a representative democracy implicitly or explicitly undermines minority rights and prevents marginalized people from actively participating in a democratic process, it facilitates social exclusion. This paper focuses on how Ghana's democracy, coupled with traditions, aggravate social exclusion. The research discusses the democratization process of Ghana and its role in the marginalization of minorities. Particularly, this paper looks at the class-based marginalization of women on the one hand and the sex-based marginalization of the LGBTQI+ community on the other, in Ghana. Finally, this paper explores how Soka Education, as a way of life, can support these marginalized communities in Ghana.

Youth-focused researchers and practitioners need conceptual models to consider paths for youth citizenship and social justice which are attenuated to the context, social support, visibility, and structure of engagement opportunities. This article will expand upon the initial conceptual model created by Brennan et al. in this special issue by examining how it can be useful for both research and practice. Specifically, this model can help researchers and practitioners to: (1) remain aware of contextual factors affecting youth engagement; (2) understand how different forms of youth engagement fit within the model; and (3) consider strategies and research to encourage more radical forms of youth engagement. The paper will provide support for the conceptual validity of the model by examining theories which align with it and contextual factors to consider during its application. The paper will then apply the model to differentiate between two forms of youth engagement and conclude with a summary of areas for future research and application.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to summarize and reflect Chinese theoretical research on moral education in the context of globalization and value pluralism since 2000 and to propose possible directions for the future research. Design/Approach/Methods: The research methods in this article are primarily literature review. Those papers which met the following criteria were selected and included in this review: (1) Papers published from 2000 to 2014 were included if they were cited by at least one other published article and (2) papers published from 2015 to 2017 were included if they were presented in a core research journal. Based on that, speculative thinking and critical thinking are also embodied in this research. Findings: Based on the features of "a man of virtue," the article identifies the four dimensions that have influenced Chinese thinking about moral education: (1) Kantian and Enlightenment philosophy, (2) emotion and life experience, (3) social rights, and (4) the culture-value dimension. The four dimensions of moral education theory are related and complement, rather than contradict, each other. The author argues that the research scopes underlying current moral education theories are fairly narrow. A more comprehensive, interdisciplinary approach is needed to improve theoretical research and to enhance the effectiveness of moral education practice in schools and universities. Originality/Value: The article provides a latest overview and critical insights to consolidate the foundation of moral education in an era of societal transformation by comparing moral education research between China and the West and proposing realizing a deep integration between theory and practice.

The problem addressed in this theoretical paper is that of learners and educators as agents of social transformation in dysfunctional schools of South Africa. While 80% of South African schools are said to be dysfunctional, learners and educators in these schools can be activated to challenge and actively struggle against any form of social oppression that dehumanises and renders them failures. Educators can work in collaboration with learners to conscientize the latter so that they are able to question different forms of inequalities and discrimination implicit in the curriculum offered at school, which excludes their cultural learning experiences. This paper argues that township and rural school educators and learners can become social agents for change if they are exposed to critical pedagogy which fosters emancipatory methods of teaching and learning. Consequently, structural factors surrounding the South African education system must be addressed if learner performance in dysfunctional schools is to improve.