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Social media platforms have revolutionized traditional communication techniques by allowing people to connect instantaneously, openly, and frequently. As people use social media to share personal stories and express their opinions, negative emotions such as thoughts of death, self-harm, and hardship are commonly expressed, particularly among younger generations. Accordingly, the use of social media to detect suicidality may help provide proper intervention that will ultimately deter the spread of self-harm and suicidal ideation on social media. To investigate the automated detection of suicidal thoughts in Arabic tweets, we developed a novel Arabic suicidal tweet dataset, examined several machine learning models trained on word frequency and embedding features, and investigated the performance of pre-trained deep learning models in identifying suicidal sentiment. The results indicate that the support vector machine trained on character n-gram features yields the best performance among conventional machine learning models, with an accuracy of 86% and F1 score of 79%. In the subsequent deep learning experiment, AraBert outperformed all other machine and deep learning models with an accuracy of 91% and F1-score of 88%, significantly improving the detection of suicidal ideation in the dataset. To the best of our knowledge, this study represents the first attempt to compile an Arabic suicidality detection dataset from Twitter and to use deep learning to detect suicidal sentiment in Arabic posts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social networks have generated immense amounts of data that have been successfully utilized for research and business purposes. The approachability and immediacy of social media have also allowed ill-intentioned users to perform several harmful activities that include spamming, promoting, and phishing. These activities generate massive amounts of low-quality content that often exhibits duplicate, automated, inappropriate, or irrelevant content that subsequently affects users' satisfaction and imposes a significant challenge for other social media-based systems. Several real-time systems were developed to tackle this problem by focusing on filtering a specific kind of low-quality content. In this paper, we present a fine-grained real-time classification approach to identify several types of low-quality tweets (i.e., phishing, promoting, and spam tweets) written in Arabic. The system automatically extracts textual features using deep learning techniques without relying on hand-crafted features that are often time-consuming to be obtained and are tailored for a single type of low-quality content. This paper also proposes a lightweight model that utilizes a subset of the textual features to identify spamming Twitter accounts in a real-time setting. The proposed methods are evaluated on a real-world dataset (40, 000 tweets and 1, 000 accounts), showing superior performance in both models with accuracy and F1-scores of 0.98. The proposed system classifies a tweet in less than five milliseconds and an account in less than a second. • This research shows that training a deep learning model on a dataset that includes several types of low-quality tweet can be an efficient solution to filter such content on a real-time setting. • Two embedding methods (word- and character-level) are compared for the task of classifying tweets in either a legitimate or low-quality class using a dataset (40,000 tweets) collected through this project. • We also show that Twitter account can be efficiently classified into spam or genuine profile using only the textual data of its recent tweets and a deep learning model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]