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The performance of grassroots communities in preventing and controlling the COVID-19 pandemic since its breakout has drawn close attention, with the Baibuting community in Wuhan being a typical example. Separating normal-state governance from abnormal-state governance can help make prior preparations so that community governance in abnormal state can be effective. [Extracted from the article]

As Chinese NGOs are trying to go abroad under the Belt and Road Initiative, understanding the existing niche, discourse, and paradigm of the mainstream transnational NGOs in current international development aid system is crucial for Chinese NGOs to adapt and develop their own identity on value and norms. Based on key researchers' observations, historical facts and statistics, this research examines the mainstream NGOs' evolution in organization, action and discourse embedded in the macro-history of transnational NGOs and transformation of the international development aid system; it sums up the transformation around three macroscopic relations to understand and evaluate the action paradigm and discourse of the contemporary mainstream NGOs in transnational development, namely, around "Transnational NGO-State" relations a change from the private sphere to the public sphere, around "North-South" relations a shift from one-way aid to equal cooperation, and on "NGO-Society" relations an evolvement from voluntarism to professionalism. In the end the article points out the difference between Chinese NGOs and those of the developed countries in terms of the origin, timing, goal and discourse and specifies five basic questions China must face in its identity building. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rationality of the organizing behind the Incident was one ofthe most notable features at Wukan. If we look back over the process by which the villagers' organizations developed and they began to play a positive role, we find that their orientation changed so that they shifted from engaging in destroying the order to engaging in protecting the order; and shifted from being outside the state system to becoming part of it. They also eventually managed to reconstruct the relationship between government and NGO and achieve accord with government. However, it is not a foregone conclusion that organizations will operate in a rational way. Analysis of their role during the Wukan Incident shows that the involvement of an informal traditional elite; the inclusive nature and the social legitimacy of the organizations; and the attitude adopted by government in its response are all important prerequisites to the positive role of villagers' organizations being brought into play. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery potential for waste energy from major Chinese industries is significant. For example, the estimated waste energy recovery potential is 40 million tons of coal equivalent in the iron and steel industry, accounting for ∼10% of the total energy use in the industry. A detailed overview is presented of existing waste energy recovery Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects in China. These projects have been developed predominantly in large enterprises and rarely in small or medium-sized companies. The chance of waste energy projects being reviewed or rejected by the Executive Board is slightly higher and delivery rates of certified emission reductions are generally lower than other types of CDM projects. Several major barriers that inhibit project development are identified, such as the lack of CDM awareness or development capacity among many small or medium enterprises, low internal rates of return of the projects, increasing review risk and long delays in the registration process, the varying quality of intermediary buyers, a lack of local Chinese Designated Operational Entities, and policy implementation inconsistency at different levels. Suggestions are put forward to address these problems and such critical issues as additionality are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The legal environment is an important factor affecting the development of the nonprofit sector. The Nonprofit Law Index, developed by Johns Hopkins University's Comparative Nonprofit Sector Project (CNP), offers us a useful analytical framework for interpreting China's non-profit legal environment. This article uses that framework to evaluate China's nonprofit legislative environment and then analyzes the results. Its purpose is to uncover important problems with the regulations and policies guiding the management of China's civil organizations, and to offer several views and recommendations on the quantitative analysis indicator system itself and on China's civil organization management regulations and policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Based on a recognition of the essence of climate change and the pressure on China to reduce its greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, this paper interprets the important role that the Chinese iron and steel industry may play in managing emissions. Through an investigation of the key sources of GHG emissions in the Chinese iron and steel industry, a comparison of the current Chinese and international situations, and a survey of the technology and methods available for reducing GHG emissions, and their application in China, the authors analyze the major issues currently faced by the Chinese iron and steel industry, and propose the following four approaches through which the industry might reduce its GHG emissions: (1) encouragement of clean development mechanism (CDM) projects, mainly involving secondary energy reuse, to provide capital and technology for GHG reduction activities in China; (2) stimulation of the social responsibility-based voluntary carbon market (VCM) to increase the long-term benefits for the Chinese iron and steel industry from emission reductions; (3) undertaking of strict energy auditing to help enterprises establish appropriate emission reduction targets and formulate reasonable plans; (4) promotion of emission reduction-oriented investment within the industry to obtain profits from project operation, while at the same time gaining extra compensation for emission reductions. More specifically, the design of each of these approaches should take into consideration the related economic factors and incentive mechanisms. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]