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Objective. To evaluate vitamin D status and serum parathyroid hormone (IPTH) of healthy adults living in Guiyang. Design and Participants. We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation in the General Community in Guiyang by cluster sampling method.The data was a part of 1510 participants (634 men, 876 women) aged 20-79 years median 45.2 years from November 2009 to February 2010 in GuiyangHealthMeasures Survey.Measurements. Aradioimmunoassay was used tomeasure the level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH). Results.The mean serum 25(OH)D level was (20.4 ± 9.0) ng/mL and the highest level among participants aged 40-59 years (22.8 ng/mL).Themean serum PTH level was (32.1 ± 13.7) pg/mL and the lowest level among participants aged 40-50 years (30.8 ng/mL). Serum 25(OH)D was below 50 nmol/liter in 52.3%, below 75 nmol/liter in 84.6%, and above 75 nmol/liter in 15.4% of the respondents. Secondary hyperparathyroidism was 5.4% (5.4% amongmen and 4.6% among women). The prevalence of secondary hyperparathyroidism increased (5.8%, 6.5%, and 7.1%, resp.) with decreasing serum 25(OH)D levels among subjectswhowere 30 to 20, 19.9 to10, and<10 ng/mL, respectively. Serum 25(OH)Dwas inversely associated with serum PTH. Conclusions. Vitamin D insufficiency and its complication of secondary hyperparathyroidism are common. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]