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The development of China's manufacturing industry has received global attention. However, research on the distribution pattern, changes, and driving forces of the manufacturing industry has been limited by the accessibility of data. This study proposes a method for classifying based on natural language processing. A case study was conducted employing this method, hotspot detection and driving force analysis, wherein the driving forces industrial development during the "13th Five-Year plan" period in Jiangsu province were determined. The main conclusions of the empirical case study are as follows. 1) Through the acquisition of Amap's point-of-interest (POI, a special point location that commonly used in modern automotive navigation systems.) data, an industry type classification algorithm based on the natural language processing of POI names is proposed, with Jiangsu Province serving as an example. The empirical test shows that the accuracy was 95%, and the kappa coefficient was 0.872. 2) The seven types of manufacturing industries including the pulp and paper (PP) industry, metallurgical chemical (MC) industry, pharmaceutical manufacturing (PM) industry, machinery and electronics (ME) industry, wood furniture (WF) industry, textile clothing (TC) industry, and agricultural and food product processing (AF) industry are drawn through a 1 km× 1km projection grid. The evolution map of the spatial pattern and the density field hotspots are also drawn. 3) After analyzing the driving forces of the changes in the number of manufacturing industries mentioned above, we found that manufacturing base, distance from town, population, GDP per capita, distance from the railway station were the significant driving factors of changes in the manufacturing industries mentioned above. The results of this research can help guide the development of manufacturing industries, maximize the advantages of regional factors and conditions, and provide insight into how the spatial layout of the manufacturing industry could be optimized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper conducts a comparative study of the scientific publications of the 31 province‐level regions of Mainland China during 2006–2018. The main results are as follows. First, the four indices, ordered by total number of papers indexed, across all provinces, are the Science Citation Index (SCI), Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD), Chinese Social Science Citation Index (CSSCI), and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI). The number of international publications from these regions shows an increasing trend, while the number of domestic research outputs shows a fluctuating trend. Second, the international and domestic publications produced by these regions greatly improved over the study period. Third, different regions vary greatly not only in research output but also in research preference. The top five preferred disciplines of international and domestic academic achievement are very different; the former all belong to the natural sciences, while more than 7 of 10 of the latter belong to the social sciences. Moreover, the adjacency matrices of the similarity of the 31 regions show that there is some correlation between the research spotlight of a region and its economic and cultural patterns. In general, scientific research in China has developed rapidly in recent years, and different regions vary greatly not only in research achievement but also in research preference. Key points: Scientific output is unevenly distributed between Chinese provinces, with Beijing, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Hubei, and Shaanxi each contributing almost half total output.The majority of Chinese‐authored articles in international journals are in STM areas, with national journals capturing the majority of social science articles.Beijing has the highest number of articles in Q1 and Q2 journals within Web of Science, followed by Jiangsu and then Shanghai.The different regions of china specialize in different academic disciplines, with some universities excelling social sciences and others in pure and applied sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the perspective of combining informal and formal systems, this paper empirically explores the impact of neighborhood effects and policy interventions on the deviation of farmers' willingness and behavior of domestic waste separation (DWS) by using data from the China Land Economy Survey (CLES) and constructing a probit model. It should be explained that the neighborhood effect in this paper refers to the fact that the behavior of farmers is highly susceptible to the behavior of their neighbors in the process of production and living. The results of the study show that neighborhood effects and policy interventions have a significant negative impact on the deviation of farmers' willingness and behavior of DWS, respectively. Comparison of marginal effects shows that neighborhood effects > environmental advocacy > reward and punishment policies. From the interaction effects as a whole, neighborhood effects and policy interventions have complementary effects on the deviation of farmers' willingness and behavior of DWS, with the complementary effects of neighborhood effects and environmental advocacy being more significant. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that neighborhood effects completely replace the inhibitory effect of policy interventions on the deviation of high-income farmers' willingness and behavior of DWS, but have no effect on political elite farmers. The interaction between neighborhood effects and policy interventions has complementary effects on low-income farmers and ordinary farmers, with the complementary effects of neighborhood effects and environmental advocacy being more significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finding a means to extract water body information efficiently and accurately from high-resolution remote sensing images has been an important research direction in the field of water body extraction in recent years. However, shadows from buildings and other obstacles interfere with the accuracy of water body extraction. To address this problem, this paper proposes a neural network method incorporating an attention mechanism for water body extraction. This paper is based on the U-Net convolutional neural network and adds the squeeze-and-excitation module of SENet, an attention mechanism, to the downsampling process of the U-Net network. The module weights the feature maps so that the network focuses more on the features of the water body information and thus reduces attention to the shadow features from buildings and other features, thus improving the accuracy of image segmentation. The dropout and batch normalization layers are also added to improve the generalization ability and stability of the model. In this paper, a water extraction network SE-CU-Net model is presented to overcome the shadowing effect from buildings and other features. Using GF-2 images of Jiangsu province as the data source, the recognition results of this paper are compared with Dense-Net, Res-Net, Seg-Net, U-net, SVM, and RF. Through the comparison experiments, the model of this paper can not only better overcome the influence of shadows from buildings and other features, but it also has a stronger recognition ability and recognition effect. The average ASCR, Precision, mIoU, OA, F1-Score and kappa coefficients in the three tested areas reached 98.27%, 97.17%, 89.33%, 98.2%, 89.3% and 0.883, respectively, with significantly higher accuracy than the other six classical methods, verifying the effectiveness of the model in overcoming the influence of shadows from buildings and other features in water body extraction research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural modernization can only be attained through the high-quality development of agriculture, which is made possible by the deep integration of the digital economy with traditional agriculture. From the perspective of the entire agricultural industry chain, this paper offers a theoretical and empirical examination of the digital economy's role in enabling high-quality agricultural development. The fixed effects model, convergence test, threshold model, and spatial error model were implemented based on the panel data of 13 cities in Jiangsu Province from 2013 to 2021 to validate the role of the digital economy in enabling high-quality agricultural development. The findings indicated that first, for every 1% increased in the level of digital economy development, the level of high-quality agricultural development increased by approximately 0.183%. Second, the high-quality development of agriculture had the characteristics of absolute convergence and conditional convergence, and there was a non-linear character in the role of the digital economy in the high-quality agricultural development. Third, for every 1% increase in the development level of digital inclusive finance, the level of high-quality agricultural development in surrounding areas with similar economic levels will be improved by about 0.188%.In this regard, Jiangsu Province should grasp the opportunity of the era of digital economic development, continue to strengthen the construction of digital economic development in backward areas, and attach great importance to inter-regional exchanges and cooperation in the construction of digital agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extensive research has been conducted treating burnout as an independent variable and performance as a dependent variable to proffer possible solutions to burnout and job performance among academics. Despite this, the burnout crises persist and are exacerbated by the ongoing global proliferation of higher education. Acknowledging this, the current study explored whether performance may contribute to the emergence of burnout. Methods: The study's sample population comprised 689 academics from Jiangsu province, China. Key Performance Indicator (KPI) results served to measure performance. Psychological counselling and Burnout were calculated using mental health results garnered from the universities. Data was collected on respondents' demographic characteristics and work situations. The mean scores were 0.517 (SD = 0.5) for gender and 1.586 (SD = 1.103) for age. The relationship among performance, job burnout, and psychological counselling was analysed via a cross-sectional survey deploying grouped regression. Results: Academics' job performance was found to regulate their burnout (β = -0.058, P < 0.01). Higher performance of academics was significantly associated with lower job burnout and psychological counselling. Furthermore, psychological counselling significantly moderated job burnout (β = -0.012, P < 0.05) among academics without regulating their job performance. Conclusion: The paper supplements the discourse on job burnout and academic performance by suggesting a pre-counselling measure as a strategy to address the crises of burnout. The paper argued that the continued competence of employees should prevent burnout in Higher education and ensure better job performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific and technological innovation and ecological progress are important forces for China's high-quality development. Nevertheless, the current body of research seldom explores the mutual dependence and evolutionary patterns of the two regional systems when considering both historical and future perspectives. This paper aims to enhance the current theoretical research framework by focusing on the coastal region of China. It analyzes and predicts the co-evolution and space–time distribution process of two systems by constructing a coupled model and a gray prediction model. The results show the following: (1) the coupling and coordinated development level of the two coastal systems has basically reached the stage of good coupling and coordinated development, and the level has increased, but the gap has gradually increased, and Jiangsu and Guangdong have reached the leading level; (2) the spatial distribution in coastal areas is uneven, showing a convex spatial pattern of "high in the middle and low at both ends"; (3) during the forecast period, the overall coupling and coordination level of the two systems will continue to improve, but individual cities still cannot jump out of the development state of slow development processes. With the aim of fostering the harmonious growth of both systems at both regional and national levels, this paper proposes practical recommendations concerning the establishment of a sustainable interaction mechanism, the evolution of the industrial structure towards ecological sustainability, and the economic contribution to scientific and technological innovation. Furthermore, this article serves as a valuable reference for advancing the sustainable development of other nations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The farmers' deep participation in the classification of domestic waste plays a crucial role in reducing the amount of waste out of the village from the source, lowering the cost of waste treatment, and realizing the sustainable development of rural waste resocialization, reduction, and harmlessness. This paper aims to identify the key factors and logical structure that influence the farmers' behavior in classifying domestic waste and provide recommendations for improving it. Based on the Participants' Intellectual Decision (PID) Model, we constructed a theoretical analysis framework for farmers' decision-making on domestic waste classification, and the PID model was further extended by combining with the practice of rural domestic waste management in China and proposing the research hypothesis that factors, such as community attributes, rules of operation, the status of the participants, and the situation of external actions, have a significant impact on the farmers' behavior in classifying domestic waste. Empirical analyses were carried out with the help of the ordered logistic model and the DEMATEL-ISM using 939 research data of farmers in Jiangsu and Gansu provinces of China. The results show the following: (1) classification of domestic waste by farmers in the sample area was predominantly unclassified (34.40%) and two-classified (40.58%); (2) 17 factors, including regional disparity, Party affiliation, organizational support perception, environmental emotions, conscious governance attitudes, trust in village cadres, social reference norms, and expected outcomes, have a significant impact on the farmers' behavior in classifying domestic waste; (3) trust in village cadres, organizational support perception, and environmental emotion are superficial direct factors; incentive measures, fee level, waste transport situation, difficulty perception, self-consciousness perception, social reference norms, and expected outcomes are middle indirect factors; whether or not it is a demonstration village, Party membership and regional disparity are deep root factors affecting farmers to classify their domestic waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-basin water transfer projects are the main measure to address the water deficit crisis caused by uneven distribution of water resources. The current water transfer operation mainly tends to be present in areas with small water transfer costs and is prone to encounter the problem of spatial and temporal imbalances in water allocation. To address these issues, this paper defines a water deficit evenness index (WDEI), aimed at minimizing regional differences in water scarcity and sharing the pressure of water scarcity as a social demand objective. This index is incorporated into a joint optimization model for the Jiangsu section of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project (J-SNWDP), which comprises both the ecological objective of the total water deficit (TWD) and the economic objective of the pumping water (PW). Further, the Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III (NSGA-III) and multi-attribute decision-making were applied to solve the model and obtain an optimal operation strategy. The results showed the following: (1) the WDEI defined in this paper can mitigate the synchronized water scarcity in certain water users. In typical normal years (wet year and dry year), the WDEI shows a reduction of 94.2 % (81.8 %, 76.7 %) compared to the historical operation strategy. (2) The optimized operation strategy can significantly reduce TWD and PW by 82.06% (37.69 %, 52.36 %) and 45.13 % (3.25 %, 21.51 %) compared with the historical values, respectively, which can improve the water supply satisfaction and reduce the project cost. At the same time, the lake storage capacity of the optimal operation strategy performs well, and the water transfer efficiency of the river is significantly improved. (3) In this paper, targeted optimal operation strategies and potential ways to secure the project tasks are proposed for different natural flow. Overall, it is of great significance to study the water supply equity in the J-SNWDP to alleviate the concentrated water deficit in Jiangsu Province and other similar regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-precision, complex, three-dimensional (3D) geological model can directly express the attributes of stratum thickness, geological structure, lithology and spatial form, which can provide a reliable basis for the development and utilization of underground space and planning decisions. However, it is difficult to perform accurate modelling due to the lack of basic data. As such, this paper proposes coupling a machine learning algorithm (K-nearest neighbour (KNN)) with the kriging algorithm to construct the topological relationship between the Delaunay triangle and the Thiessen polygon in order to perform the simulation and prediction of virtual drilling. Based on KNN, support vector machine (SVM) and neural network algorithms as well as the virtual borehole encryption data, data standardization processing and analysis are carried out. Through model verification, algorithm optimization is realized, and the optimal modelling method is explored. The results show that the fine KNN algorithm improved by Bayesian optimization can effectively improve the modelling accuracy through 0.1-m encryption, standardization processing and 5-fold cross-validation. Stratum modelling combined with the fine KNN and kriging algorithms can obtain a more accurate modelling without adding virtual boreholes. The improved levels of upper and lower hybrid modelling with an appropriate number of profile boreholes can also effectively optimize model accuracy. Both modelling accuracy and efficiency can be significantly improved by using Delaunay triangles and Thiessen polygons with virtual boreholes. Stratum modelling can effectively express the geological pinch-out in areas with adequate degrees of stratification, and hybrid modelling performs well in irregular geological bodies such as karsts and lenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Garbage classification is significant to alleviate the pressure of household waste management in rural areas and promote green development. Based on the micro survey data of 2228 households in rural areas of Jiangsu Province, this paper discusses the impact of internet use on the garbage classification's willingness and behavior based on the planned behavior theory. The results show that: (1) There is a deviation between willingness and behavior. Ninety percent of the surveyed farmers were willing to do garbage classification, but the garbage classification rate was only 53%. (2) Internet use has a positive effect on the willingness and behavior of farmers to classify garbage, and it can promote the willingness to change behavior and reduce the deviation between willingness and behavior. Specifically, internet use increased by 1 unit, the probability of farmers having neither willingness nor behavior, having both willingness and behavior, and only having willingness but not having the behavior decreased by 5.4%, increased by 13%, and decreased by 7.5%, respectively. (3) Further analysis according to different internet access methods shows that mobile internet access and mixed internet access can have a positive impact on farmers' willingness and behavior in relation to garbage classification, while computer internet access has no significant impact on farmers' willingness and behavior in relation to garbage classification. (4) Internet use can enhance farmers' willingness and behavior in relation to garbage classification by improving their knowledge, behavioral, and environmental cognition. Specifically, the mediating effects of knowledge, behavioral, and environmental cognition on willingness were 71.48%, 21.72%, and 40.49%, respectively, and the mediating effects on behavior were 89.47%, 8.89%, and 18.81%, respectively. Based on this, this paper puts forward the policy recommendations of strengthening the hardware and software construction of the internet, adopting diversified propaganda methods of garbage classification, and improving the social supervision and restraint mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The story continuation writing task (SCWT) is a newly emerging proficiency test of National Matriculation English Test (NMET) in three provinces in China. Nevertheless, little is known with respect to how test-takers enhance their alignment of situationmodels in SCWT. This paper reports on a case study of the development of situational alignment of one L2 (second language) learner in a senior high school in Jiangsu Province, China, drawing on qualitative data collected via individual faceto- face interviews, and supplemented by face-to-face conversations and email exchanges, over a period of one year. This study investigates how the test-taker enhances her alignment of situation models, and what factors contribute to her development of situational alignment under the framework of a new semiotic research finding, a pan-indexicalitymodel. This paper concludes that test-takers possess the capacity of developing their alignment of situation models, and that a pan-indexicality model, affording opportunities for test-takers to accurately decode themeaning of a linguistic sign at the overall sense level, plays a decisive role in identifying and integrating key dimensions of situation models and eventually enhancing test-takers’ situational alignment. This study suggests that a pan-indexicality model can be employed by test-takers to understand the meaning of a linguistic sign at the overall sense level, and test-takers’ encyclopedic knowledge, contextual information, and personal emotions regarding a linguistic sign should be highlighted in classroom instruction to help test-takers construct aligned situation models in SCWT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The shadow price of carbon emissions can measure the marginal output effect under the carbon emission regulation and is also one of the key indicators to construct a low-carbon development path for production units. Currently, international research on shadow price is focused on the industrial and energy sectors. However, in the context of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality targets in China, the use of shadow price to study the cost of reducing emissions from agricultural production, especially forestry fruit industries, is significant. In this paper, we use a parametric approach to construct the quadratic ambient directional distance function. Using the input–output data of peach, we then calculate the environmental technical efficiency and shadow price of carbon emissions from peach production in Guangxi, Jiangsu, Shandong, and Sichuan provinces, and further estimate the values of green output in each province. The results show that (i) the environmental technology efficiency of peach production in Jiangsu province, located in the coastal plain area of eastern China, is the highest among the four provinces, while that in Guangxi province, located in the hilly area of southeast China, is the lowest. (ii) Guangxi province has the smallest carbon shadow price of peach production among the four provinces, while Sichuan province, located in the mountainous area of southwest China, has the largest. (iii) The green output value of the peach production in Jiangsu province is the highest among the four provinces, and that in Guangxi province is the lowest. In order to effectively reduce carbon emissions in peach production without affecting economic benefits, the paper puts forward the following suggestions: for peach-producing areas in the southeast hills of China, it is necessary to increase the application of green environmental technology while reducing the input of production factors in peach production. For peach-producing areas in the northern plains of China, the input of production factors should be reduced. It is not easy for peach-producing areas in the southwest mountains of China to reduce the input of production factors while increasing the application of green technologies. Finally, for peach-producing areas in China's eastern coastal plain, the implementation of environmental regulations for peach production should be gradual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has been fully implementing the policy of the cultural and tourism industrial integration since 2018. However, the value-added benefits of this policy are not prominent, and the relationship between industrial integration and the value added to the tourism value chain was seldom addressed by researchers. In the context of China's high-quality development, it is necessary to conduct the impact of the integration of cultural and tourism industries on the value added to tourism value chain. This paper proposed four theoretical hypotheses and the corresponding econometric models based on the panel data from 2013 to 2020 in China's Jiangsu Province. According to empirical results, the integration of cultural and tourism industries is spatially unbalanced, with notable imbalances between the south and the north. This paper identified a new connection between cultural and tourism integration and the tourism value chain. It is found that the integration of cultural and tourism industries can enhance the value added to tourism value chain either directly or indirectly through the information technology, with the direct effect being positively moderated by tourism agglomeration. Moreover, this paper may overturn how people generally think about the integration between cultural and tourism industries. It reveals a single-threshold effect that only when the integration of cultural and tourism industries reached a high level will it exert a positive effect. To be more specific, not all Chinese cities are suitable for implementing cultural and tourism integration, because the integration is likely to be ineffective in regions where the cultural industry is substantially less developed than the tourism industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Located in the Yangtze River Delta region, Jiangsu Province has become the major grain production area of China and plays an important role in ensuring national food security. With rapid economic development and urbanization, the amount of cultivated land has decreased, which greatly affects food security. Based on the statistical data of grain production in Jiangsu Province since 2000 and the remote sensing data of 2000, 2010, and 2020, this paper used the stochastic frontier production function to calculate the output elasticity of various factors and the technical efficiency of grain production. The agglomeration effect of food production was investigated by using spatial correlation analysis. Finally, regression analysis was applied to examine the impact of land use change on grain yield and the technical efficiency of production. The results show that the grain-sown area is the decisive factor for the increase in grain output in Jiangsu Province. The technical efficiency of grain production in the province has been maintained at a relatively high level since 2000, showing a fluctuating upward trend, and the efficiency value in southern Jiangsu Province is greater than that in central and northern Jiangsu. The analysis of the spatial distribution characteristics of grain production technical efficiency shows that grain production has an agglomeration effect. The regression results showed that the complexity of land use and the density of the cultivated land patch were negatively correlated with grain yield and grain production technical efficiency, while the location of cultivated land was positively correlated with grain yield and grain production technical efficiency. The conclusion of this paper has important policy significance for promoting food production and ensuring food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, Chinese offshore wind farms have experienced varying degrees of foundation scour since their completion. The maximum scour depth of pile foundations has far exceeded the design scour depth, which seriously threatens the safety of wind turbines. Among the current scour depth prediction formulas, the values calculated by the Chinese specification 65-1, 65-2 formula are small and the prediction results are on the dangerous side. The calculated value of the American Hec-18 formula is safe but conservative. The prediction formula of other specifications has a large deviation from the actual situation. Based on the available test data, the main factors influencing the local scour depth of pile foundations, the gauge analysis method, and the group method of data handling (GMDH), this paper proposes a prediction formula for the local scour depth of monopile foundation under the action of wave–current. In addition, monopile scour flume experiments were conducted. Combining the experimental data of the flume test and the scour monitoring data of the Rudong wind farm in Jiangsu, the calculated values of the depth prediction equation in this paper and the Chinese code equation, DNV code equation, HEC-18 equation, Rudolph equation, and Raaijmakers equation were compared and analyzed. The results show that the relative error, mean relative error, variance, and normalized variance between the predicted and measured values of this paper's formula are smaller than those of other prediction formulas. The formula in this paper has a high calculation accuracy and practical application value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the three-dimensional (3D) geological information system development, 3D geological cross-sections (GCs) have become the primary data for geological work and scientific research. Throughout past geological surveys or research works, a lot of two-dimensional (2D) geological cross-section maps have been accumulated, which struggle to meet the scientific research and application needs of 3D visual expression, 3D geological analysis, and many other aspects. Therefore, this paper proposes an automatic generation method for 3D GCs by increasing the dimensions based on a digital elevation model (DEM) and 2D geological cross-section maps. By matching corresponding nodes, generating topographic feature lines, constructing an affine transformation matrix, and inferring the elevation value of each geometric node on the GC, the 3D transformation of the 2D GCs is realized. In this study, fourteen 2D GCs within Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, are transformed into 3D GCs using the proposed method. The transformed results and quantitative error show that: (1) the proposed method applies to both straight and bent GCs; (2) each transformed GC can fit seamlessly with the ground and maintain minimal geometric deformation, and the geometric shape is consistent with the original GC in non-mountains area. This paper corroborated the proposed method's effectiveness by comparing it with the other two 3D transformation strategies. In addition, the transformed GCs can be subjected to 3D geological modeling and digital Earth presentation, achieving positive effects in both 3D application and representation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Collective-owned construction land (CCL) marketization is an important driving force for the rapid development of China's rural economy and society. Recognizing the trends and logic of its institutional changes is important for better understanding the central-local interrelation and the new-round CCL reform. Throughout the process of rural land reform since China's reform and opening up, together with the unified policy guidance from the central government, the diversity of local practices and the trend of convergence in the development process deserve attention. Based on the institutional isomorphism theory, this paper analyzes the evolution of the CCL system in Shunde, Guangdong Province, and Wujiang, Jiangsu Province, since the 1990s, empirically demonstrating the trend of convergence based on diversity and exploring the underlying influencing mechanisms. The study finds that the evolutionary practice is characterized by the trend of ephemeral convergence represented by the shared cooperative and the land reservation reform and that of coeval convergence represented by the construction land nationalization. Top-down coercive pressure, horizontal imitative learning pressure, and governance-embedded normative pressure jointly shape the evolutionary convergence. This paper argues that the diversity of local experiments should be allowed and encouraged based on local characteristics. Policy flexibility should be further considered by the central government when formulating uniform policies for local adaptability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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It is the prerequisite for rural revitalization to recognize the evolutionary laws and different characteristics of rural areas. China's Rural Revitalization Strategic Plan (2018–2022) emphasizes the importance of rural territorial classification. The differences in resources, environment, economy, culture and so on in Jiangsu Province lead to obvious territorial classifications. Existing studies on rural development lack the differentiation of territorial types. Based on the complexity and comprehensiveness of the rural areas in Jiangsu Province, this paper selects the county as the basic unit and combines the "top-down" and "bottom-up" evaluation perspectives. Finally, we form a "two divisions and six zones" division scheme for rural areas in Jiangsu Province. Specifically, the two divisions refer to the Yangtze River Delta area and Huaihai area, and the six zones include Tai Lake plain area, Ningzhen mountainous and hilly area, Riverside plain area, Lixia River and coastal plain area, Huai River drainage area, and Xuhuai Plain area. By summarizing the laws and development orientation of different types of rural areas, it will provide a reference for realizing urban–rural integration and sustainable development in economically developed areas. It can also provide governance references for other economically developed regions with high population density and obvious urban–rural integration trends in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secret to ensuring food security and the growth of agricultural development is farmland production efficiency. In the context of urbanization, this means that farmers need to increase their off-farm employment behavior. The research goal of this paper is to explore whether this will have a impact on farmland production. This paper is based on the data of the China Land Economic Survey conducted by Nanjing Agricultural University and uses Tobit and other methods to conduct empirical tests. The main findings of this paper are as follows: (1) When the proportion of the household's off-farm employment time is less than 73%, an increase in off-farm employment reduces farmland production efficiency. When the proportion of the household's off-farm employment time exceeds 73%, an increase in off-farm employment increases the farmland production efficiency. (2) This paper eliminates the scale efficiency contribution in farmland production efficiency to obtain pure technical production efficiency. After verification, off-farm employment and farmland pure technical production efficiency show a U-shaped correlation and the inflection points of the two U-shaped curves coincide. (3) The reason for the inflection point is that after the off-farm employment of farmers reaches the inflection point, with a further increase in off-farm employment, the renting-out behavior of farmland increases and there is increased input of labor-saving technology in agricultural land production, because of which the production efficiency and pure technical efficiency of the farmland increase. To sum up, off-farm employment does not necessarily mean reduced farmland production efficiency. Farmland leasing behavior plays a key role in mitigating the impact of off-farm employment on farmland production. Therefore, in the process of urbanization, the improvement of the land transfer market, the development of agricultural socialized services, and the promotion of cooperative operation will help to ensure the productivity of farmland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of cultivated land is an important basis for guaranteeing grain yield, and improving the quality of cultivated land is an important initiative of the Chinese government to implement its food security strategy. This paper explores the effects of formal technical training and informal online self-directed learning on farmers' willingness to adopt cultivated land conservation technology using farmer-level survey data. The results show that farmers' participation in technical training effectively increased their willingness to adopt straw return technologies, but participation in online self-directed learning did not affect farmers' willingness to adopt, while farmers who participated in both technical training and online self-directed learning had stronger willingness to adopt. These results show that internet-based self-directed learning is a useful supplement to the formal training system. Further analysis revealed that participation in technical training increased farmers' awareness of the usefulness of the straw-return technology, which in turn increased their willingness to adopt the conservation technology of cropland. This paper clarifies the impact and mechanisms of the two main existing technology learning modes on farmers' adoption of new technologies in rural China and provides a reference for the promotion of agricultural technology diffusion and the improvement of the quality of cultivated land in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial wastewater discharge has become the main cause of water pollution in China. However, the spatial interaction mechanism between industrial structure and water pollution is still unclear. Accordingly, we evaluated and analyzed spatiotemporal changes of the agglomeration pattern of pollution-intensive industrial enterprises and the evolution of the water environmental pollution pattern, as well as the correlation between them. The study results show that the polluting industrial enterprises were located mainly along the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake Basin in southern Jiangsu in 2013 and 2018. However, we observed a spatial trend of pollution transfer to northern Jiangsu. The industrial water pollution discharge presents the distribution pattern of facing rivers, seas, lakes and cities. Papermaking and paper products industry are the leading factors of COD and NH 3 –N pollution, with explanatory power of 0.3666 and 0.6201 respectively. The spatial positive coupling effect between the concentration degree of polluting enterprises and the intensity of water environment pollution discharge is 94.95% of the region. The spatial agglomeration of polluting industrial enterprises is an important cause of water environment pollution. They promote and couple each other, proving the existence of "Pollution haven" and "Porter hypothesis". [Display omitted] • The polluting industrial enterprises are located mainly along the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake Basin. • Papermaking and paper products industry are the leading factors of COD and NH 3 –N pollution. • The spatial agglomeration of polluting industrial enterprises is a significant cause of water environment pollution. • This study proves the existence of "Pollution haven" and "Porter hypothesis". • This study fills the gap in the spatial response mechanisms of different industrial structures and pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation is the main driver of regional economic development. Exploring the spatial patterns of regional innovation can elucidate the regional differences in innovation development. Nearly all the researches on spatial patterns of innovation take the administrative divisions of provinces, cities and counties as spatial units, and portray the spatial patterns of regional innovation from the macroscopic overall, but lack the spatial patterns within the regions. This paper employed patents of Jiangsu province, China in 2019 as a sample, divided the spatial units based on geographic coordinates of patent data, calculated the technological innovation capability index of within the spatial units, overcoming the drawbacks of the research method that fails to reveal the internal pattern of cities by using provinces, cities and counties as the research scale, and analysed the spatial patterns of technological innovation capability in Jiangsu province by using spatial autocorrelation analysis and standard deviation ellipse. The results show that: (1) In terms of distribution, the spatial pattern of technological innovation capability in Jiangsu province is obviously "one core and one belt" in southern Jiangsu, with Nanjing as the core and Suzhou, Wuxi and Changzhou as a southeast-northwest belt of high innovation capacity, while multi-point scattered in northern Jiangsu. (2) From the perspective of aggregation mode, each city has the largest number of H-H agglomeration units, relatively presenting a zonal distribution in the Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area and Nanjing, and less distribution in other places. (3) Industrially speaking, the development of technological innovation capability of the secondary industry in many cities is better and centralized, while secondary and tertiary industries move hand in hand around the city centre in Nanjing, and the tertiary industry dominates comparably in Suzhou and Wuxi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the survey data of 936 rural households in Jiangsu Province, China in 2020, this paper empirically tests the influence mechanism of internet use on the rural residents' consumption level by constructing the theoretical analysis framework of "internet use—consumption literacy—rural residents consumption level" and taking consumption literacy as the mediator variable. The results demonstrate that, with other conditions unchanged, internet use has significantly improved the consumption level of rural residents. The mediating effect of the consumption literacy accounts for 15.08% among the entire effect of internet use on the rural residents' consumption level. Therefore, when applying digital information technology to improve the consumption level of rural residents in future, we should not only continue to increase investment in the construction of communication infrastructure in rural areas, but also continuously improve the consumption literacy of rural residents through building a multi-level complementary consumption education system and expanding the ways of consumption education and training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of architectural forms is a significant field of study in modern hybrids of Chinese and foreign architecture. It involves exploring the integration of foreign buildings and their constituent elements into traditional Chinese local culture. The Composite capital is a key component in Western architecture. Research indicates that from the 1920s to 1930s, Composite capital designs in foreign architectural structures within the Jiangsu region exhibited period-specific evolutionary characteristics and variations among different cities. Therefore, the localisation of Composite capitals in Jiangsu is a gradual process. This paper proposes a research methodology combining formal analysis and social analysis to investigate the localisation of Composite capitals in Jiangsu during the modern period. The study yields two main conclusions: (1) Within the same social environment, there are common patterns in the localisation of Composite capital designs among different historical periods, reflecting shared developmental trends influenced by local traditional culture. (2) Different cities in the Jiangsu region, characterised by distinct social environments, exhibit unique patterns in the localisation of Composite capital designs, reflecting regional diversity and providing more possibilities for localisation. This paper investigates the localisation of Composite capital designs in modern Jiangsu and explores the factors that influence the form and value of capital designs, providing a systematic reference for the study of regional architectural localisation in the modern period in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing impact of ecological theories and environmental preservation has resulted in a movement towards people-oriented design approaches for ecological landscape creation. However, certain university campuses continue to suffer hardships due to underutilized terrains and severe damage caused by large-scale earthworks. Given the new waves of campus growth, there is an urgent need to address these difficulties and consider the planning and design of natural biological landscapes on various campuses of Jiangsu province. A more scientific approach to maintaining ecological balance, protecting biodiversity, and increasing landscape variation on campuses may be taken by combining ecological environment conservation with university landscape design. Based on summarizing and analyzing previous research, this paper takes the Nanjing Communications Institute of Technology as a case study and expounds on the research status and significance of university campus landscape design in Jiangsu Province. Firstly, this study elaborates on the background, current status and future challenges of the concept of ecological environment protection, introduces the study objects, indicators and constituent elements of landscape design of the university campus, and conducts the ecological analysis. Secondly, this paper uses regression analysis to investigate the complex interactions between ecological features and the Ecological Balance Index (EBI) in university campus landscape design. Our suggested design reveals links between various design aspects and overall ecological-aesthetic attributes Inspired by the Principle of Landscape Diversity Design. In addition, we quantified landscape diversity and spatial optimization using the Shannon Diversity Index and Space Utilization Efficiency. Third, this research analyzes the space and visual forms of the landscape on the university campus and proposes a landscape design model for it using ecological environment protection. Third, it explores the expression methods of ecological environment protection and conducts the space division and index selection of landscape design. Finally, this paper discusses the landscape design approaches for university campuses to protect the ecological environment. In experimental work, the paper evaluates and compares several landscape design methodologies. Our proposed design exceeded previous approaches in terms of ecological balance (83%), aesthetic appeal (91%), and sustainability (93%). The proposed design is beneficial in protecting the environment and improving the overall quality of university campuses. These findings provide useful insights and references for future study in landscape design for university campuses in Jiangsu Province under the ecological environment preservation paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facing the severe situation of environmental problems, coordinating the sustainable development of tourism and the construction of new urbanization is conducive to regional sustainable development. Based on the perspective of uncoupling coordination, this paper evaluates the coordination relationship between the sustainable development of tourism and the development of new urbanization, analyzes their temporal and spatial characteristics, and analyzes the restriction mechanism behind the uncoordinated relationship from the dynamic interaction. The findings are as follows: (1) At present, Shanghai, Jiangsu and Anhui are at a low level of uncoordinated development, while other regions are at an antagonistic uncoordinated development stage. (2) The regional difference of uncoupling coordination degree between tourism eco-efficiency and new urbanization is getting smaller and smaller, and it tends to develop in a balanced way, which accords with the strategic goal of coordinated development. However, the degree of uncoupling coordination changes from relatively weak aggregation to relatively strong aggregation. (3) From the long-term dynamic impact, the eco-efficiency of tourism has a negative impact on the development of new urbanization in Shanghai, Chongqing, Yunnan and a positive impact on Jiangsu and Hubei, with the contribution rates of 26%, 66%, 58%, 24% and 51%, respectively. New urbanization has a positive impact on the eco-efficiency of tourism in Anhui and a negative impact on Guizhou, with the contribution rates of 65% and 57%, respectively. The uncoupling coordination relationship and the interaction between the two systems are closely related. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green residences have enormous potential for energy savings, emission reduction, and other comprehensive benefits, and their growth is crucial to achieving China's carbon neutrality and carbon peaking targets. Nevertheless, at the moment, the national green residence is impacted by complicated factors at several levels, including government agencies, green residence builders, and green residence consumers, which results in the low-quality development of domestic green residences overall. As of 2020, 94% of all labeled green residences are design-label residences that can only be achieved during the design stage, while less than 10% are operational-label residences with stronger energy and emission-saving benefits. This causes the phenomenon of "green residences on the planning" to be serious. In order to accomplish the promotion of high-quality development of green residences and to promote green residences in China, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of green residence promotion from the multi-level perspective of macro-landscape signals, meso-collective agent green residences, and micro-individual agent consumers, based on the multi-level perspective (MLP) framework of sustainability theory. The paper subsequently builds a simulation model of green residence promotion using the agent-based system dynamics modeling method. Additionally, Jiangsu Province's green residence promotion data are chosen for analogue simulation experiments, and the simulation results are also used to analyze the success conditions as well as the path to green residence promotion. This study demonstrates that (1) the agent-based simulation model of dynamics for the green residence promotion system has high reference value for the simulation of the promotion of green residences, and the model can clearly simulate the impact of micro-individual agent–consumer factors on the promotion of green residences; (2) in order to promote green residences, exterior landscape signals must be continuously improved; the stronger the landscape signals, the quicker the development of operationally labeled green residences; (3) priority is given to the development of two-star design-labeled green residences before 2035, and three-star operationally labeled residences will occupy the majority of the market after 2040. Meanwhile, the duration of landscape signals and the change in behavioral preferences of individual agents must be maintained for a long time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, the opportunistic method to estimate rainfall using commercial microwave links (CMLs) has been shown as an efficient way to complement traditional instruments in terms of spatial‐temporal resolution and coverage. In this paper, we collected data from 26 CMLs in Jiangyin City, Jiangsu Province, and conducted experiments on rainfall field reconstruction and nowcasting. First, the raw CML data were processed to invert the path‐averaged rainfall intensity. Second, the algorithms of inverse distance weighting (IDW) and ordinary kriging (OK) interpolation were employed to reconstruct the rainfall field. Then a 10‐min prediction of the rainfall field was achieved using a nowcasting model based on the long short‐term memory neural network and a setup window was introduced to improve the prediction performance of the first few minutes. The reconstruction results show that the average correlation coefficient (ACC) and the average root mean square error (ARMSE) between the IDW‐based results and daily cumulative rainfall from rain gauges (RGs) are 0.89 and 8.69 mm, respectively, while the ACC and ARMSE between the OK‐based results and RG data are 0.89 and 9.13 mm, respectively. The nowcasting results show that the ACC between the prediction results with a 5‐min setup window and the IDW‐retrieved rainfall fields can reach 0.91 at the first minute and gradually decrease to 0.20 within 10 min. Furthermore, the model has better nowcasting performance for stratiform precipitation and mixed precipitation compared to convective precipitation. Plain Language Summary: Accurate and real‐time rainfall monitoring and forecasting are of great significance for disaster prevention and control, agriculture, meteorological research, and related fields. However, traditional rainfall measurement methods are insufficient for meeting the demands of comprehensive precipitation observations because of poor spatial‐temporal resolution and limited coverage. Currently, measuring rainfall using additional microwave attenuation caused by raindrops has been shown as an efficient way to complement traditional instruments. Based on commercial microwave link (CML) rainfall measurement technology, this paper carries out rainfall field reconstruction and nowcasting experiments in Jiangyin City, China. The results show the CML network enables accurate rainfall field reconstruction and nowcasting. Key Points: Based on the commercial microwave link (CML) rainfall monitoring network in Jiangyin, China, accurate rainfall inversion by CMLs is achievedThe two‐dimensional rainfall fields are accurately reconstructed using the inverse distance weighting and ordinary kriging interpolation algorithmsA long short‐term memory‐based rainfall field nowcasting model is proposed to achieve 10‐min continuous predictions of rainfall fields [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metso will supply a greenfield kraft pulp mill to the Japanese Oji Paper Co Ltd, to be built in Nantong City, Jiangsu Province, in the southern part of China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the economy, the expressway has been used as a main mode of transportation due to its function to meet traffic demand of people and thus has been given full attention. But, at the same time, it has gradually become the main cause of pollution of traffic environment. To clarify the degree of pollution caused by expressway vehicle and improve the expressway pollution diagnosis system, upon the notion of low-carbon transportation, this paper divides expressway environmental pollution into four types: air pollution, photochemical smog pollution, noise pollution, and vibration pollution, and analyzes each of them, respectively. Then, a comprehensive diagnosis model of environmental pollution caused by running vehicles will be built. This paper monitors the pollution intensity on different spots on the expressway to obtain the single-vehicle factors of various pollutants of the motor vehicles. Combined with the geographic information system, this puts forward the diagnosis methods in terms of the environmental "air pollution," "photochemical smog pollution," "noise pollution" and "vibration pollution" caused by the expressway vehicles, respectively, and further establishes a diagnosis model of vehicle pollution corresponding to the characteristics of the expressway. The result of the case study on the actual monitoring data of six expressways in Jiangsu Province shows that the pollution diagnosis values of six expressways are all between (0.4, 0.6] which symbolizes "slight pollution." The research results can provide technical support for monitoring of environmental pollution caused by expressway more comprehensively and reasonably, and provide data support for formulating effective control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an optimized preparation process for external ointment using the Definitive Screening Design (DSD) method. The ointment is a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) formula developed by Professor WYH, a renowned TCM practitioner in Jiangsu Province, China, known for its proven clinical efficacy. In this study, a stepwise regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between key process factors (such as mixing speed and time) and rheological parameters. Machine learning techniques, including Monte Carlo simulation, decision tree analysis, and Gaussian process, were used for parameter optimization. Through rigorous experimentation and verification, we have successfully identified the optimal preparation process for WYH ointment. The optimized parameters included drug ratio of 24.5%, mixing time of 8 min, mixing speed of 1175 rpm, petroleum dosage of 79 g, liquid paraffin dosage of 6.7 g. The final ointment formulation was prepared using method B. This research not only contributes to the optimization of the WYH ointment preparation process but also provides valuable insights and practical guidance for designing the preparation processes of other TCM ointments. This advanced DSD method enhances the screening approach for identifying the best preparation process, thereby improving the scientific rigor and quality of TCM ointment preparation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The high salinity of soil, nutrient scarcity, and poor aggregate structure limit the exploitation and utilization of coastal mudflat resources and the sustainable development of saline soil agriculture. In this paper, the effects of applying exogenous organic acids combined with biological substrate on the composition and diversity of soil bacterial community were studied in moderately saline mudflats in Jiangsu Province. Methods: A combination of three exogenous organic acids (humic acid, fulvic acid, and citric acid) and four biological substrates (cottonseed hull, cow manure, grass charcoal, and pine needle) was set up set up on a coastal saline mudflat planted with a salt-tolerant forage grass, sweet sorghum. A total of 120 kg ha-1 of organic acids and 5,000 kg ha-1 of substrates were used, plus two treatments, CK without application of organic acids and substrates and CK0 in bare ground, for a total of 14 treatments. Results: No significant difference was found in the alpha diversity of soil bacterial community among all treatments (p ≥ 0.05), with the fulvic acid composite pine needle (FPN) treatment showing the largest increase in each index. The beta diversity differed significantly (p < 0.05) among all treatments, and the difference between citric acid--grass charcoal (CGC) and CK treatments was greater than that of other treatments. All treatments were effective in increasing the number of bacterial ASVs and affecting the structural composition of the community. Citric acid--cow manure (CCM), FPN, and CGC treatments were found to be beneficial for increasing the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria, respectively. By contrast, all treatments triggered a decrease in the relative abundance of Acidobacteria. Conclusion: Among the 12 different combinations of exogenous organic acid composite biomass substrates applied to the coastal beach, the CGC treatment was more conducive to increasing the relative abundance of the salt-tolerant bacteria Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria, and improving the community structure of soil bacteria. The FPN treatment was more conducive to increase the species diversity of the soil bacterial community and adjust the species composition of the bacterial community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Demand-side flexible load resources, such as Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Air Conditioners (ACs), offer significant potential for enhancing flexibility in the power system, thereby promoting the full integration of renewable energy. To this end, this paper proposes an optimal allocation method for demand-side flexible resources to enhance renewable energy consumption. Firstly, the adjustable flexibility of these resources is modeled based on the generalized energy storage model. Secondly, we generate random scenarios for wind, solar, and load, considering variable correlations based on non-parametric probability predictions of random variables combined with Copula function sampling. Next, we establish the optimal allocation model for demand-side flexible resources, considering the simulated operation of these random scenarios. Finally, we optimize the demand-side resource transformation plan year by year based on the growth trend forecast results of renewable energy installed capacity in Jiangsu Province from 2025 to 2031. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategic development of reverse logistics networks is crucial for addressing the common challenge of low recovery rates for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) in China. To minimize the total cost of the reverse logistics network for ELVs, this paper proposes a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) model. The model considers the recycling volume of different vehicle types, facility processing capacity, and the proportions of parts and materials. Building on this foundation, a fuzzy mixed-integer nonlinear programming (FMINLP) model is developed to account for the inherent uncertainty associated with recycling volumes and facility processing capacities. The model was solved using Lingo, and its effectiveness was validated using Jiangsu Province of China as a case study, followed by a sensitivity analysis. The results indicate that dismantling and machining centers incur the highest processing costs. Variations in recycling volume and facility handling capacity significantly impact total costs and site selection, with the former having a more pronounced effect. Increasing facility processing capacity effectively increases the recovery rate. Moreover, a higher confidence level corresponds to higher total costs and a greater demand for facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leading with the principle of 'people-oriented urbanization,' the adaptation of rural migrants in urban China has attracted increasing concerns from policy-makers and scholars. Today, China has proceeded to a new stage of urbanization. Many rural migrants prefer moving to cities near their home villages rather than to large cities, reflecting the changes in migration patterns and expectations of rural migrants. Although migrant adaptation has been repeatedly investigated in academia, researchers tend to address the topic in one host setting, while migrant adaptation in diverse urban settings has rarely been compared. This paper seeks to fill this research gap via a survey conducted in two cities with different urban settings in Jiangsu. The rural migrant adaptation experiences in the two cities are systematically compared. Our statistical results show that economic structure and living costs, on the one hand, and local regulations and socio-cultural environments, on the other hand, determine rural migrant adaptation experiences in different urban settings. Despite abundant employment opportunities in more-developed cities, the high living costs, working pressure, and strict institutional schemes significantly hamper rural migrant adaptation. In less-developed cities, limited employment opportunities and conservative socio-cultural environments hinder rural migrants from adapting in host societies. Our findings suggest that the governments of different cities need to tailor strategies to assist rural migrants in adapting in urban communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the cardinality constrained mean-variance portfolio optimization, in which only a small number of assets are invested. We first treat the covariance matrix of asset returns as a diagonal matrix with a special matrix processing technique. Using the dual theory, we formulate the lower bound problem of the original problem as a max-min optimization. For the inner minimization problem with the cardinality constraint, we obtain its analytical solution for the portfolio weights. Then, the lower bound problem turns out to be a simple concave optimization with respect to the Lagrangian multipliers. Thus, the interval split method and the supergradient method are developed to solve it. Based on the precise lower bound, the depth-first branch and bound method are designed to find the global optimal investment selection strategy. Compared with other lower bounds and the current popular mixed integer programming solvers, such as CPLEX and SCIP, the numerical experiments show that our method has a high searching efficiency. History: Accepted by Pascal Van Hentenryck, Area Editor for Computational Modeling: Methods & Analysis. Funding: This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grants 12101317, 12271071, and 11991024], the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province [Grant BK20200819], the Team Project of Innovation Leading Talent in Chongqing [Grant CQYC20210309536], the Contract System Project of Chongqing Talent Plan [Grant cstc2022ycjh-bgzxm0147], and the Philosophy and Social Science Fund of Education Department of Jiangsu Province [Grant 2020SJA0168]. K.F.C. Yiu is supported in part by the Research Grants Council of Hong Hong [Grant PolyU 15223419], the Hong Kong Polytechnic University [Grants 4-ZZPT and 1-WZ0E], and the Research Centre for Quantitative Finance [Grant 1-CE03]. Supplemental Material: The software that supports the findings of this study is available within the paper and its Supplemental Information (https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/suppl/10.1287/ijoc.2022.0344) as well as from the IJOC GitHub software repository (https://github.com/INFORMSJoC/2022.0344). The complete IJOC Software and Data Repository is available at https://informsjoc.github.io/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate urban P M 2.5 forecasting serves a crucial function in air pollution warning and human health monitoring. Recently, deep learning techniques have been widely employed for urban P M 2.5 forecasting. Unfortunately, two problems exist: (1) Most techniques are focused on training and prediction on a central cloud. As the number of monitoring sites grows and the data explodes, handling a large amount of data on the central cloud can cause tremendous computational pressures and increase the risk of data leakages. (2) Existing methods lack an adaptive layer to capture the varying impacts of different external factors (e.g., weather conditions, temperature, and wind speed). In this paper, a federated deep learning network (FedDeep) is developed for edge-assisted multi-urban P M 2.5 forecasting. First, we assign each urban region to an edge cloud server (ECS). An external spatio-temporal network (ESTNet) is then deployed on each ECS. Data from different urban regions are uploaded to the corresponding ECS for training, which avoids processing all the data on the central cloud and effectively alleviates computational pressure and data leakage issues. Second, in ESTNet, we develop a gating fusion layer to adaptively fuse external factors to improve prediction accuracy. Finally, we adopted P M 2.5 data collected from air quality monitoring sites in 13 prefecture-level cities, Jiangsu Province for validation. The experimental results proved that FedDeep outperformed the advanced baselines in terms of prediction accuracy and model efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: During an outbreak such as COVID-19, hospital staff needs to be in close contact with all types of patients visiting the hospital and the risk of cross-infection is extremely high. Payment and medication pickup is a mandatory part of a patient's hospital visit, with direct contact between healthcare workers and patients, and long waiting times in the hospital area, which can easily lead to the spread of disease infection. OBJECTIVE: This paper designed the prototype of a contactless smart medicine cabinet based on RFID technology and optimized the patient consultation and medication pickup process to address these problems. METHODS: We conducted a 50-day field observation of patients for consultation and medication pickup at the First Hospital in H city, Jiangsu Province, China, and randomly timed 1600 sets of data from Surgery (ophthalmology) and Internal patients, then we designed the prototype of a contactless smart medicine cabinet based on RFID technology, optimized the patient consultation and medication pickup process, comparing the traditional and intelligent models using AnyLogic. RESULTS: The results show that this contactless medicine cabinet was able to reduce the time taken by patients in consultation and medicine pickup by 18.74 minutes, increasing the overall efficiency of the consultation by 32.20%. The simulation revealed that this contactless intelligent medication pickup model was able to reduce the time taken by patients in consultation and medicine pickup, increasing the overall efficiency of the consultation, effectively reducing the frequency of contact between healthcare workers and patients, and reducing the risk of disease infection. CONCLUSION: The proposed technical model provides a new idea to solve the problems of long queues, low efficiency and high risk of infection for patients to consult and get medicine during epidemics. Especially within hospitals it has important theoretical and practical implications for epidemic prevention and control as well as future hospital management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the past decades, resource shortage and environmental degradation due to rapid economic development have become a severe challenge while limiting China's regional sustainable and coordinated development. This paper provides a case study of Jiangsu Province in China employing the coupling coordination model and geo-detector model to seek solutions for realizing the region coordinated development from the interaction of technological innovation (TI ), industrial upgrading (IU ) and eco-environment (EE ). This study reaches the following conclusions. (1) The coupling coordination degree (D ) of TI - IU - EE system (TIIUEES) in Jiangsu Province was general in the stage of mild unbalance. (2) The D value exhibited a positive evolutionary trend in time series. However, the backwardness of EE constrained the regional coordination development, which led to the slow and small growth with fluctuation. (3) Spatially, the D value generally conformed to a gradient distribution from south to north, which was caused by regional internal extremely unbalanced development. (4) Economic benefits had a decisive effect on the coordinated development in TIIUEES, and the interaction of two factors could gain an "enhanced, bilinear" or even "enhanced, nonlinear" result. This study contributes to exploring the driving determinants of D value in TIIUEES based on the description of the temporal and spatial features and providing a credible reference for future research and decision-makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In cities and other areas of human activity, the implementation of various ground projects has resulted in significant changes to natural surface morphology, a prominent feature of which is the formation of a variety of discontinuous terrains, such as roads and building basements. These discontinuous terrains result in obvious topographic distortions of the digital elevation model (DEM) constructed by traditional modeling methods, which limits the applicability of DEMs to these areas. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a DEM modeling method to enhance the expression of discontinuous terrain from the perspective of simplicity and convenience of application. The method is based on terrain data such as topographic feature lines, altimetric points, and contour lines. First, parallel feature lines are generated according to a certain distance. Then, vertices are inserted onto the topographic feature line and the parallel feature line according to a specified step length, and known altimetric points are selected from both sides of the original topographic feature line to estimate the height values of the vertices. Finally, by combining the topographic feature line, parallel feature line and other available topographic data for TIN construction, the result can effectively express the special topography of discontinuous terrain. In this study, a region in Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province, China, was selected as the study area to conduct a DEM construction experiment. The experimental results showed that the DEM constructed using this method can well express the morphological characteristics of discontinuous terrain, and the height accuracy of the construction results was also significantly improved compared with that of a conventional method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are often planned (for example, regular maintenance) and unplanned (for example, pipe bursts) interruptions in a water distribution network (WDN). Therefore, part of the isolation valves must be closed to isolate the part (segment) of the network that contains one or more pipes. Isolation of the target pipe segment with minimum possible disruption has been a problem to be solved. A large number of studies have been conducted to optimize the design of isolation valve placement in new WDNs, but less attention has been given to reducing the isolation zone and improving the reliability of old WDNs by adding optimally placed isolation valves. Therefore, this paper proposes a multiobjective optimization model for adding optimally located isolation valves to old WDNs, which considers the dual objectives of economy and reliability. The installation or removal of isolation valves can cause the original segments to split or merge, so this paper proposes the use of the segment-valve (SV) graph local update (SVLU) algorithm instead of the seed-filling algorithm to construct the SV graph. The optimization model was applied to the valve layout modification of part of the WDN in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, China, and the results showed that the model can solve the optimization solution quickly (15.358 s). Moreover, the use of the SVLU algorithm improved the efficiency of the solved model by 26.71%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid LCC/VSC cascaded HVDC (HC-HVDC) scheme, in which the LCC is adopted as rectifier, and one LCC in series with multiple paralleled VSC based MMCs is adopted as inverter, combines the advantages of both LCC and VSC-MMC technologies. Presently, a HC-HVDC project is planned to deliver the hydro power from Baihetan to Jiangsu in China. One of the major challenges is to suppress the DC overcurrent issue of VSC-MMCs especially under commutation failure condition of LCC at inverter side. Based on Baihetan-Jiangsu project under construction, the model of HC-HVDC system is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. In the system, the rectifier employs a dual 12-pulse LCC, while the inverter adopts a hybrid scheme, i.e., one LCC converter in series with three paralleled VSC-MMC converters. This paper addresses the main cause and feature of the DC overcurrent, then proposes an overcurrent suppression control method for HC-HVDC system based on fuzzy clustering and identification approach. And the system transient performances with the proposed control approach are evaluated under AC fault conditions. The results show that the proposed approach can not only suppress the DC overcurrent following the commutation failure to a certain extent, but also improve the post-fault recovery performance of the overall system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interfacial zones straddling terrestrial and marine realms, colloquially known as mudflats, epitomize a dynamic nexus between these environments and are fundamental to the coastal ecosystem. The investigation of these regions is paramount for facilitating infrastructural developments including ports, wharfs, cross-sea bridges, and the strategic utilization of freshwater resources sequestered from mainland islands amid ongoing economic progress. Terrestrial realms conventionally employ electromagnetic techniques as efficacious modalities to delineate subterranean geological information, encompassing structural details and water-bearing strata. However, the peculiar topographic and geological nuances of mudflat regions pose substantial challenges for the efficacious application of electromagnetic methodologies. The present paper endeavors to address these challenges by suggesting innovative modifications to the existing instrumentation and evolving novel data acquisition techniques specifically tailored for electromagnetic exploration within mudflat environments. This paper delves into the electrical characteristics of water-bearing layers within mudflats, and ascertains details pertaining to the subterranean structure and the spatial distribution of fresh and saline water resources, through the holistic interpretation of a multitude of profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The issue of regional soil and water loss caused by human activity is particularly severe in coastal regions. Since coastal reclamation areas are a valuable land reserve resource, it is of practical significance to understand the distribution characteristics of rainfall erosion and its impact on soil erosion for the prediction, evaluation, and management of regional soil and water resources. Rainfall erosivity should be updated and estimated from simplified indices. This paper analyzed the observed rainfall data of field runoff plots in Dongtai City, Jiangsu Province, between 2011 and 2017. According to the standard of erosive rainfall in coastal areas, reporting 10.8 mm of rainfall or 7.6 mm·h−1 of I30 (maximum 30 min rainfall intensity), the annual average erosive rainfall frequency in Dongtai City was 37.7 and the annual erosive rainfall was 1082.0 mm on average, which accounted for 51.6% and 90.6% of the total rainfall frequency and the total rainfall, respectively. Moreover, the annual average rainfall erosivity in the region from 2011 to 2017 was 7717.4 MJ·mm·hm−2·h−1. The annual distribution of rainfall erosivity was irregular, with an average monthly erosivity value of 4501.8 MJ·mm·hm−2·h−1. Since the accumulated rainfall erosivity of Dongtai City in the flood season (May to September) accounted for 88.1% of the total rainfall erosivity, it is essential to focus on preventing soil and water loss in the flood season. This paper established a rainfall-based model and a composite model and intensity appropriate for a single event and monthly rainfall erosivity in the region. Both models can be used to calculate the annual rainfall erosivity, but only the composite model based on rainfall amount and intensity is recommended for calculating single and monthly rainfall erosivity levels in Jiangsu coastal areas. The empirical formulas in Jiangsu coastal areas can be updated using more recent rainfall data and assess soil erosion risk accurately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual water exerts an essential effect on water resources, yet such effect is rarely considered in current studies on water rights allocation in transboundary rivers. Hence, this paper ran a case study on Taihu Lake Basin, collecting data from 2017 to make clear the physical water rights of four regions—Jiangsu Province, Zhejiang Province, Anhui Province, and Shanghai City—in the Basin. After that, the multiregional input–output (MRIO) approach was utilized to measure the trade in value-added (TiVA) transfer and virtual water transfer (VWT) and construct an inequality index of VWT (VWI). Next, water efficiency coefficient was employed to convert the VWT into riparian level. Finally, VWT and VWI were incorporated into the water rights allocation model to form up a water rights allocation scheme for Taihu Lake Basin. Results showed: (1) Jiangsu enjoys the most allocated physical water rights, followed by Zhejiang, and Anhui ranks the lowest; (2) Anhui and Jiangsu are net virtual water exporters (2.259 billion m3 and 1.78 billion m3, respectively), while Zhejiang and Shanghai are net importers (2.344 billion m3 and 1.695 billion m3, respectively); (3) Anhui suffers the most inequality—0.4401—followed by 0.5076 of Jiangsu, while Zhejiang has the most equal environment—0.7012; (4) after the inclusion of virtual water, the quantity of water rights allocation changes, whereas Anhui experiences the largest growth—144 million m3—due to the dual effects from the highest VWT and inequality. In conclusion, the effect of virtual water is indispensable, so VWT and VWI should both be considered in the physical water rights allocation of transboundary rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Industrial structure upgrading plays an important role in improving economic development efficiency. Taking Jiangsu as the study subject, the paper selects panel data from 2005 to 2018 and performs dynamic panel models and threshold models to analyze the influence mechanism of foreign direct investment (FDI) and green technology innovation on industrial structure upgrading (including rationalization and advancement). The results show that FDI acts negatively on industrial structure upgrading, exhibiting U-shaped relationship with advancement, in contrast, green technology innovation shows a positive contribution to upgrading. In addition, rationalization is limited by fixed assets growing but increases with rising education levels. An increase in fixed assets and education both have a positive effect on advancement. Further, FDI plays a facilitating role in advancement considering the positive moderating effect of green technology innovation. Therefore, the study provides a theoretical reference for the development path of foreign investment and industrial structure upgrade breakthrough in Jiangsu. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To ensure the safety and stability of the shield tunnel construction process, the ground settlement induced by the shield construction needs to be effectively predicted. In this paper, a prediction method combining empirical mode decomposition (EMD), chaotic adaptive sparrow search algorithm (CASSA), and extreme learning machine (ELM) is proposed. First, the EMD is used to decompose the settlement sequence into trend vectors and fluctuation vectors to fully extract the effective information of the sequence; Second, the sparrow search algorithm is improved by introducing Cubic chaotic mapping to initialize the population and adaptive factor to optimize the searcher's position formula, and the chaotic adaptive sparrow search algorithm is proposed; Finally, the CASSA-ELM prediction model is constructed by using CASSA to find the optimal values of weights and thresholds in the extreme learning machine. The fluctuation components and trend components decomposed by EMD are predicted one by one, and the prediction results are superimposed and reconstructed to obtain the predicted final settlement. Taking a shield interval in Jiangsu, China as an example, the meta-heuristic algorithm-optimized ELM model improves the prediction accuracy by 10.70% compared with the traditional ELM model. The combined EMD-CASSA-ELM prediction model can greatly improve the accuracy and speed of surface settlement prediction, and provide a new means for safety monitoring in shield tunnel construction. Intelligent prediction methods can predict surface subsidence more automatically and quickly, becoming a new development trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]