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BACKGROUND: In todays' society, the rapid development of the wine industry and the improvement of peoples' living standards make people pay more and more attention to wine grape quality. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the wine grape varieties in Northeast Chinas' grape growing regions for better wine grape quality, we evaluated the quality of different varieties of wine grapes. METHODS: The grape varieties 'Hassan' 'Zuoshaner' 'Beibinghong' 'Zuoyouhong' 'Beta' 'Shuanghong' 'Zijingganlu' 'Cabernet Sauvignon' and 'Syrah' were planted in the grape growing area of Jilin, Northeast China, were used as the subjects of this study. The grape berries were analyzed and tested for morphological indicators, basic physicochemical indicators, color, and phenolic and aromatic composition. RESULTS: According to lab results, 'Hassan' contained the highest amount of total phenolics; 'Zuoyouhong' had the highest solids and total sugar content; 'Shuanghong' had the most elevated total acid and anthocyanin content; 'Zijngganlu' had the highest tannin content and acid fixation ratio; Seventy-one volatile compounds were detected in nine grape varieties. CONCLUSIONS: Each of the nine grape varieties has a distinctive flavor, and because of this, grape processing products with regional flavors can be created. The same offer valuable data for future scientific grape resource collection, conservation, and exploitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to clarify the suction characteristics of unsaturated clay under different conditions of water and salt, taking soil in western Jilin province, China as the research object, the suctions (matrix suction and osmotic suction) of samples with different water content, salt type, and salt content were determined by filter paper method. The results indicate that salt type and content have insignificant influence on the matrix suction. With the increase of water content, the matrix suction decreases at different rates in different suction regimes. When water content is constant, the osmotic suction increases with the increase of salt content, and under the condition of a constant salt content, the osmotic suction first increases and then decreases with the increase of ion concentration of the pore water, and can reach tens of MPa. The concept of suction equilibrium water content is proposed. When water content of sample is higher than this value, the magnitude of osmotic suction will always be greater than that of matrix suction. This indicates the necessity to consider osmotic suction in the presence or change of salt in soil. The applicability of the traditional models of matrix suction and osmotic suction in the full suction range of clay is discussed, and it is found that the traditional models cannot make a full explanation to the variation in suction. Based on the experimental data, an improved van Genuchten matrix suction model and an osmotic suction model, transformed by the Planck blackbody radiation formula, are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transforming resource-based cities into sustainable economic development is a great challenge for policy-makers in many countries. However, the economic-centered evaluation system tends to breed the undesirable view of "GDP only" or "brown growth" in the previous case studies which is inconsistent with the long-run and sustainable development of resource-based cities. To fill in this research gap, this paper takes Jilin province in northeast China as a case study to explore urban development problems faced by major resource-based cities during resource depletion. This research constructs a stratified indicator system and conducts an in-depth analysis of the features and spatial effects of urban decline. For this analysis, this paper jointly uses the methods of entropy-weighted TOPSIS, analytic hierarchical process (AHP), and spatial effect model based on a database from 2000 to 2019. The findings of this study show that the current transformation of resource-based cities in Jilin province is generally ineffective and difficult to maintain long-run and sustainable development due to its historical reasons and industrial development background. According to the results, the resource-based cities in Jilin province show an unstable development because of factors such as barriers to the physical renewal of resources, rigid industrial structure, insufficient backup resources, and institutional and policy constraints. Also, the transformation of these cities into sustainable economic development is still facing demographic, social, and ecological difficulties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical remote sensing videos, as a new source of remote sensing data that has emerged in recent years, have significant potential in remote sensing applications, especially national defense. In this paper, a tracking pipeline named TDNet (tracking while detecting based on a neural network) is proposed for optical remote sensing videos based on a correlation filter and deep neural networks. The pipeline is used to simultaneously track ships and planes in videos. There are many target tracking methods for general video data, but they suffer some difficulties in remote sensing videos with low resolution and those influenced by weather conditions. The tracked targets are usually misty. Therefore, in TDNet, we propose a new multi-target tracking method called MT-KCF and a detecting-assisted tracking (i.e., DAT) module to improve tracking accuracy and precision. Meanwhile, we also design a new target recognition (i.e., NTR) module to recognise newly emerged targets. In order to verify the performance of TDNet, we compare our method with several state-of-the-art tracking methods on optical video remote sensing data sets acquired from the Jilin No. 1 satellite. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and the state-of-the-art performance of the proposed method. The proposed method can achieve more than 90% performance in terms of precision for single-target tracking tasks and more than 85% performance in terms of MOTA for multi-object tracking tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With tunnel boring machines (TBMs) widely used in tunnel construction, the adaptable adjustment of TBM operating status has become a research focus. Since the prediction of tunnel geological conditions is still challenging before excavating, the prediction of important TBM operating parameters plays an important role in the research on TBM adaptable adjustment. This paper proposes an intelligent prediction method of TBM tunneling parameters based on bidirectional gate recurrent unit incorporating attention mechanism (Bi-GRU-ATT) and selects a complete tunneling cycle to predict the tunneling parameters of the TBM complete tunneling cycle. Relying on the TBM3 bid section of Jilin Water Supply Project, 21 key parameters of the complete tunneling cycle are selected as the input features of the model to realize the prediction of four tunneling parameters in the complete driving cycle section of TBM. Compared with the Bi-GRU, GRU, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models, it can be seen that the Bi-GRU-ATT model has a goodness of fit for predicting TBM tunneling parameters above 0.92, and the average absolute percentage error is less than 1.8%. The results show that the prediction method of TBM tunneling parameters based on Bi-GRU-ATT model proposed in this paper has stronger learning and prediction capabilities. This prediction method provides a more feasible auxiliary intelligent decision-making method for TBM aided intelligent construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jilin is an important grain producing area and heavy industry base in China. With the economic development and improvement of people's livelihood, water resource issues have been becoming increasingly prominent, Jilin Province comprehensive utilization of water resources is not efficient. The traditional method of water consumption per 10000 Yuan of output value cannot objectively reflect the water-use efficiency of different local industrial structures. Therefore, this paper builds the data envelopment analysis model based on the input-output relationship. In order to meet the requirements of data envelopment analysis model for data analysis, this paper introduces the principal component analysis method, and reduces the 16 water resources input indicators and 14 water resources output indicators of Jilin Province from 2004 to 2017 to 3 input principal components and 2 output principal components. The multi-model data envelopment analysis method is used to analyze the water-use efficiency of Jilin Province, and the results show that with the rapid economic growth, the water resources efficiency in 2010-2013 was relatively poor, there was a waste of water resources, and the management technology was backward, but with the deepening of the industrial transformation and upgrading, farming modernization and revitalizing the strategy of the old industrial base in Northeast China, the water-use efficiency and the water resources carrying capacity of Jilin Province has been improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Separate-layer CO2 flooding has increasingly been used to improve the overall development of multi-layer heterogeneous reservoirs. Due to their field technical limitations, layer combinations have to be carried out to reduce the number of layer-groups required for the separate injection of CO2. Currently there are few studies of the method of designing layer combinations. In field practice, the layer combinations are often made based on the permeability ratio of the layers to be developed, but it is not possible to accurately obtain the optimal scheme in many cases. Therefore, in this paper, a new design and optimization method based on the weighted standard deviation of permeability is proposed, which comprehensively considers the effects of multiple geological and fluid properties in different layers. The new method is applied to study the layer combination schemes in separate-layer CO2 flooding in H block, Daqingzijing Oilfield, Jilin, China. The prioritization of all of the schemes is obtained via the method, and a related numerical model is also established to perform verification and quantitative analysis. The results show that designing layer combinations using the new proposed method can achieve better development effect than using the conventional permeability ratio based method. It can achieve a more uniform interlayer CO2 displacement with an obvious improvement in the CO2 swept volume in low permeability layers and a higher overall oil recovery. According to the numerical simulation results, using the optimal layer combination scheme designed via the new proposed method, the ten-year swept volume of CO2 in the low permeability layer can be increased by 16.2%, and the ten-year overall oil recovery efficiency can be increased by 3.3%, with both measures showing a remarkable improvement. The work can provide a significant reference point for the field design of layer combinations in separate-layer CO2 flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to test the impact of the soybean rejuvenation plan and the subsidy on farmers' land allocation decisions, which may reference policy adjustment from a micro perspective. Design/methodology/approach: The paper develops a multi-objective optimized programming model on farm-level, which simulated the land-use changes, as well as the resulting changes in benefits of the rational "typical farm". The simulation scenarios include changes in subsidy policy and production efficiency, and the baseline scenario was the production status in 2018. Findings: The results show that an increase in soybean producer subsidy will encourage farmers to allocate more land for soybean planting, which can be considered as a policy tool in promoting soybean production in China. Besides, the effect of subsidy in adjusting soybean acreage for farms is further affected by external conditions such as production technology (such as breeding technology, pesticide and fertilizer application efficiency). Meanwhile, large-scale farms show more significant land adjustments when facing changes in policies and external conditions. Originality/value: The value of this paper is to simulate the effects of soybean policy and subsidy change on farmers' land-allocation decisions through a multi-objective farmer decision-making model, which provides a micro perspective to understand the implementation effect of the soybean revitalization plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, the main grain-producing areas in the west of Jilin have gradually concentrated in the perennial irrigation areas and supplementary irrigation areas in the north, and the stress degree of grain irrigation water resources is gradually increasing. Therefore, this paper selects the arid and semiarid area in the west of Jilin Province as the research area and compares and analyzes the modeling process and simulation accuracy of the temporal and spatial distribution of food security production and total water resources. Based on the center of gravity model, this paper studies the temporal and spatial distribution of food security production and total water resources in Western Jilin. It can be seen that after 2018, rice and wheat show a fluctuating upward trend, and their values rise from 0.612 to 0.786 and 0.356 to 0.612, respectively; the rise of corn is small, showing an inverted "U" trend, which first increases from 0.693 in 2018 to 0.701 in 2019 and then decreases to 0.671 in 2021; By comparing the precipitation statistics in different years, the inverted "U" trend of corn irrigation water efficiency may be related to the sudden increase of precipitation. The center of gravity model is used to analyze the evolution trend of the center of gravity of grain production and water resources in Western Jilin from the national and regional levels, and the spatiotemporal coupling degree of the center of gravity of grain production and water resources is explored through the two-factor center of gravity coupling situation model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aims of this paper is to illustrate the importance of grain production in China's food security strategy based on the three Northeastern provinces (NEP) in the new period, which quantitative assessment of climate change under the background of the loss caused by meteorological disasters of regional food production is clarify. In this paper, using grain planting area, yield and agricultural disaster statistics from 1981 to 2020, comparison analysis grain production and disaster characteristics between NEP and the whole country respectively. The disaster-yield assessment model was used to estimate the disaster-yield loss and final yield of the NEP by inputting disaster data in recent 10 years, and the sensitivity and stability of the disaster-yield assessment model were re-tested. The results showed that :(1) from 1981 to 2020, the grain planting area and total output in NEP increased significantly, and the proportion of the total output of NEP increased steadily, and the proportion of the total output of the three northeast provinces reached 1/5 of the total output of the whole country by 2020. (2) The disaster situation in NEP showed a significant trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The incrasing of average grain yield during the past 40 years was 65.96kg⋅ha-1 and 252.5kg⋅ha-1 per year for NEP and the whole country, while the incrasing of average grain yield during the past 10 years was 52.6kg⋅ha-1 per year for NEP significantly. (3) From 2011 to 2020, the average affected area and affected area in China were 23704.5x10³ha and 11204.7x10³ha, respectively, and 3899.1x10³disasters of the whole country and the three northeastern provinces were significantly lower than those of the previous three years, making it the decade with the least severe disasters in 40 years. (4) The simulation accuracy of the disaster-yield assessment model was high. The linear regression coefficients (R²) of simulated grain yield and measured grain yield in Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces were 0.98, 0.90 and 0.88, respectively. The slopes were 1.05, 1.02 and 0.98 (P < 0.01), respectively. The loss rate of grain yield due to agro-disaster was 10.4%, 17.9% and 18.0% respectively in the three province, while which was more than 8.0%, 17.0% and 16.0% for 20a.years. (5) The model slightly overestimated the grain yield of Jilin and Liaoning in recent 10 years due to the overall light disaster situation. Based on the data from 1981 to 2010, the regional grain disaster loss assessment model was proved to be able to evaluate the loss of grain yield caused by meteorological disasters well, and had the performance of predicting grain yield, and has the feasibility of operational application. The impact of meteorological disasters on the grain output in northeast China is higher than the average level of disasters in the whole country. Considering that the grain output in Northeast China accounts for a high proportion of the national grain output, preventing the risk of agro-meteorological disasters in Northeast China in the new period is of great importance to guarantee the national food security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Journal of Irrigation & Drainage Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid economic development and climate change have accelerated the changes in China's food production and have a potential impact on food security. In this paper, the grain sown area from 2001 to 2019 was selected to analyze the spatio-temporal evolution and driving factors of China's grain production through spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographically weighted regression. Our findings were as follows: (1) From the perspective of time characteristics, China's grain production from 2001 to 2019 experienced four stages, rapid decline, rapid growth, steady growth, and slow decline, although with an overall upward trend. (2) From the perspective of spatial characteristics, the overall spatial pattern had a significant positive correlation. The high values were mainly concentrated in Shandong, Anhui, and Jilin and moved to the northeast China as time went on. (3) In terms of influencing factors, the positive impact of agricultural labor force on the grain production gradually decreased, showing a decreasing trend from southwest to northeast. The promotion of agricultural mechanization on the grain production increased year by year, with the spatial distribution characteristics of high in the northeast and low in the southwest. Besides, the coefficient of water resources endowment was negative, showing a spatial distribution pattern of high north and low south. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the development characteristics of low‐permeability reservoirs such as weak water absorption, slow development of water injection, and strong pressure sensitivity, the effect of water injection in low‐permeability reservoirs is quite different from that in medium and high‐permeability reservoirs. Therefore, in oilfield development, it is important to study the movement law of the waterflooding front in low‐permeability reservoirs. In this paper, taking the Jilin oilfield as an example, a geological model of Xinmin 23 Block was established for the numerical simulation analysis considering the heterogeneity of low‐permeability reservoirs. In addition, artificial cores were manufactured to conduct the physical experiment of the waterflood front advance of cores with different physical properties under the influence of various factors such as the fracture and the range by the constant‐velocity flooding. Based on the numerical simulation and the physical experiment, the movement law of the waterflood front was analyzed and a basic method for evaluating the waterflooding development in low‐permeability reservoirs was established to provide feasible insights for the waterflooding development in low‐permeability reservoirs. In this paper, numerical simulation and experimental studies were performed on the effect of the waterflooding development of Xinmin 23 Block in the Jilin oilfield. The evaluation results obtained were consistent with the actual oil production providing a theoretical basis for judging the accurate advance time from the waterflood front to the production well in actual oil production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theories of mass conservation and coalbed methane (CBM) adsorption/desorption, this paper first establishes a novel reservoir pressure model for CBM production, following which, the CBM concentration and production models are also proposed. Then, these models are programmed and solved by means of the finite element method. Taking the Hunchun CBM field in Jilin province, China, as an example, the reservoir pressure, gas concentration, and production characteristics under different hydraulic fracture forms are simulated and investigated. In conclusion, the reservoir pressure decreases very rapidly in a small region near the fracture tip, which we called the "reservoir pressure singularity". The existence of a hydraulic fracture greatly reduces the reservoir pressure in the process of CBM exploitation. The permeability sensitivity coefficient of reservoir pressure, Rpk, is defined to quantitatively describe the influence of coal seam permeability on the evolution of reservoir pressure. Rpk decreases logarithmically as the distance from the CBM extraction well increases. The reservoir pressure and CBM recovery rate characteristics in the presence of multiple hydraulic fractures are also investigated. We believe these results could contribute to the design of hydraulic fracturing wells and the evaluation of gas production in a CBM reservoir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new design concept of being human-centered and emphasizing the organic construction of the ecological environment is progressively gaining popularity because of the growing influence of ecology, green building, and environmental protection theories. By examining the landscape architecture of colleges and universities, this study aims to investigate the principles of ecological and environmental protection and to advance the development of the ecological environment on campus. As a result, this study uses Jilin Communications Polytechnic as an example to discuss the state of the research on campus landscape design in Jilin province and its significance, examines the process of campus landscape design under the concept of ecological and environmental protection after introducing the study object, assessment indexes, and constituent aspects of campus landscape design. The findings indicate that the ecological protection concept-based landscape design mode exhibits the vitality of ecological landscape design, produces significant ecological benefits for university campuses, and significantly enhances the ecological environment of university campuses. This paper reconstructs the gradually disappearing natural landscape system of the university campus, effectively promotes the healthy development of university campus ecology, emphasizes the ecological design with inherent cultural connotation and esthetic significance, and fully demonstrates the vitality of ecological landscape design, thus creating great ecological benefits for a university campus, effectively improving the ecological environment of university campus, and providing reference for further research on campus landscape design of Jilin province under the concept of ecological environmental protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrogen (N) utilization for crop production under N deficiency conditions is subject to a trade-off between maintaining specific leaf N content (SLN) important for radiation-use efficiency versus maintaining leaf area (LA) development, important for light capture. This paper aims to explore how maize deals with this trade-off through responses in SLN, LA and their underlying traits during the vegetative and reproductive growth stages. In a 10-year N fertilization trial in Jilin province, Northeast China, three N fertilizer levels have been maintained: N deficiency (N0), low N supply (N1) and high N supply (N2). We analysed data from years 8 and 10 of this experiment for two common hybrids. Under N deficiency, maize plants maintained LA and decreased SLN during vegetative stages, while both LA and SLN decreased comparably during reproductive stages. Canopy SLA (specific leaf area, cm2 g–1) decreased sharply during vegetative stages and slightly during reproductive stages, mainly because senesced leaves in the lower canopy had a higher SLA. In the vegetative stage, maize maintained LA at low N by maintaining leaf biomass (albeit hence having N content/mass) and slightly increasing SLA. These responses to N deficiency were stronger in maize hybrid XY335 than in ZD958. We conclude that the main strategy of maize to cope with low N is to maintain LA, mainly by increasing SLA throughout the plant but only during the vegetative growth phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important ecosystem service, water supply is closely related to human well-being. Maintaining the balance of water supply and demand is essential in the sustainable development of a regional economy and society. Taking western Jilin, where the difference between water supply and demand is increasingly prominent, as the research object, from the perspective of land consolidation and precipitation changes, this paper analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of water resources supply and demand at the regional and county scales in western Jilin from 2000 to 2018 by the InVEST model and the water resource demand model. The results show that water production in western Jilin did not change significantly before and after land consolidation. The change in planting structure made water demand increase from 3.03 billion m3 to 4.96 billion m3, which reversed the relationship between supply and demand. The impact of precipitation changes on water production is extremely significant. The annual production of water in wet years is 8.05 billion m3, and the annual water production in dry years is 1.08 billion m3. The amount of precipitation can directly change the relationship between the supply and demand of local water resources. The evolution of the water resources supply and demand pattern in western Jilin is the result of the combined effect of land consolidation and precipitation changes. Precipitation mainly affects supply, while land consolidation mainly affects demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the conversion of saline-alkali land to rice fields has become the most dominant land use change feature in western Jilin, leading to significant surface greening. Saline–alkali land and paddy fields have distinct surface biophysical properties; however, there is a lack of systematic assessment of the moderating effect of planting rice on saline–alkali land on regional climate by changing surface properties. In this paper, multiscale data on the surface temperature of saline–alkali land and paddy fields were obtained using 1 km MODIS product, 30 m Landsat 8 satellite imagery and centimeter-scale UAV imagery in Da'an City, western Jilin as the study area, and the various characteristics of the surface temperature of saline-alkali land and paddy fields in different months of the year and at different times of the day were analyzed. Furthermore, the effect of rice cultivation in saline–alkali land on the local surface temperature was assessed using a space-for-time approach. The results based on satellite observations including both MODIS and Landsat showed that the surface temperature of saline–alkali land was significantly higher than that of paddy fields during the crop growing season, especially in July and August. The high temporal resolution MODIS LST data also indicated the paddy fields cool the daytime surface temperature, while warming the nighttime surface temperature, which was in contrast for saline–alkali land during the growing season. High-resolution UAV observations in July confirmed that the cooling effect of paddy fields was most significant at the middle of day. From the biophysical perspective, the reclamation of saline–alkali land into paddy fields leads to an increase in leaf area index, followed by a significant increase in evapotranspiration. Meanwhile, rice cultivation in saline–alkali land reduces surface albedo and increases surface net radiation. The trade-off relationship between the two determines the seasonal difference in the surface temperature response of saline–alkali land for rice cultivation. At the same time, the daily cycle of crop evapotranspiration and the thermal insulation effect of paddy fields at night are the main reasons for the intraday difference in surface temperature between saline–alkali land and paddy field. Based on the multiscale assessment of the impact of rice cultivation in saline-alkali land on surface temperature, this study provides a scientific basis for predicting future regional climate change and comprehensively understanding the ecological and environmental benefits of saline–alkali land development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Plateau Meteorology is the property of Plateau Meteorology Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are still some problems in China's ice and snow environmental sports industry, such as an unbalanced industrial structure and insufficient utilization of ecological resources. In order to achieve leap-forward development, the ice and snow sports industry needs to further optimize the allocation of input-output resources, enhance the overall technical capability, and improve the efficiency level of the industry. This study takes five cities of Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, and Beijing as the research objects, constructs the input-output evaluation system of the ice-snow sports industry, measures the input-output-efficiency level of ice-snow environmental sports industry in China, and studies and analyzes the relationship between efficiency level and industrial input-output. Furthermore, this paper compares and analyzes the traditional total factor productivity and green total factor productivity of the ice and snow environmental sports industry and discusses the influencing mechanism of ecosystem efficiency of the ice-snow sports industry. The results show that the input/output ratio of different regions in 2018 was Heilongjiang (1.12) > Liaoning (1.09) > Beijing (1.08) > Hebei (1.06) > Jilin (0.81). The change in input and output level is the direct influencing factor leading to the change of efficiency, while efficiency is the core to promote the development of the ice and snow environmental sports industry. Comparing traditional and green total factor productivity, it can be found that the GameMaker Language (GML) index of green total factor productivity in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, and Beijing has increased by 10.50%, 9.59%, 12.22%, 11.34%, and 20.29%, respectively, in 2013. In most cases, the green total factor productivity is higher than the traditional total factor productivity, showing an environment-friendly development. The development of the ice and snow environmental sports industry, talents in the ice and snow tourism industry, urbanization level and promotion of sports cultural products in the ice and snow environment are the main external influencing factors, while the internal influencing factors are mainly reflected in the industrial structure, ownership structure, industrial relevance, industrial agglomeration degree, industrial layout, industrial scale, and differentiation of industrial product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Guvermectin is a nucleoside metabolite produced by the fermentation of Streptomyces hygroscopicus. It shows antibacterial and antitumor activities and has often been used as a plant growth regulator to promote the growth of crops. In this paper, the adsorption and degradation behavior of guvermectin in soil was investigated to evaluate its environmental safety. The adsorption of guvermectin in soil was consistent with the Freundlich isotherm model, and Freundlich adsorption coefficients (KF-ads) obtained from the model were low. The soil organic matter content was significantly and positively correlated with KF-ads. The effects of surfactant, humic acid, and biochar on the adsorption of guvermectin were studied using Jilin soil. The amount of guvermectin sorbed by the soil decreased with the addition of surfactant. By contrast, the amount adsorbed gradually increased as the amount of humic acid increased. Soil adsorption test with biochar revealed that biochar can efficiently sorb guvermectin. The half-life (t0.5) of guvermectin in soil under aerobic degradation and standing water anaerobic degradation conditions ranged from 2.84 to 7.29 days and from 8.21 to 13.70 days, respectively. The adsorption and degradation tests of guvermectin in soil revealed that pollution by guvermectin is not a major risk to soil because it is not easily adsorbed, it is highly mobile, and it can be easily degraded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid development of farmers' cooperatives in rural China cannot be separated from government support. To ensure the growth of farmers' cooperatives, the Chinese government uses it as a key performance indicator for its local institutions. Superficially, rural China's cooperative population and membership size witnessed rapid growth during the first decade after the Farmers' Specialized Cooperatives Law was enacted in 2007; however, such government intervention also leads to non‐standard phenomena due to market distortion. Using nationally representative survey data from 504 cooperatives in Jiangsu, Jilin, and Sichuan provinces, this paper provides a reliable estimate of the "shell cooperative" rate around 2014. The empirical study sheds further light on the role of government during the period of rapid but chaotic growth by a subset containing 241 marketing cooperatives. Results show that direct administrative intervention leads to the emergence of many shell cooperatives (approximately 37%). Further study also confirms that task‐oriented policy support is only positively associated with the nominal coverage ratio but has no significant relationship with cooperatives' function. This study provides new insights into the formation of shell cooperatives and suggests that direct administrative intervention may not be a good strategy for promoting the sustainable development of farmers' cooperatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of Ecosystem Service Value (ESV) is indispensable when balancing the need for economic development and ecological protection, because it can clarify the ecological assets and values provided by a region. The study of spatio-temporal variation of ESV in ecologically fragile regions is helpful when attempting to restore regional ecological function. Taking the ecologically fragile area in Western Jilin as an example, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution and spatial-temporal evolution characteristics of the integrated ecosystem service value (IESV) in the study area by constructing an IESV model. The drivers of spatial differentiation of integrated ESV in the study area and the mechanisms controlling the interaction between various factors are examined using the geographical detector technique. The results showed that the areas of high value with integrated ecosystem services in Western Jilin were mainly distributed in protected areas, and that there has been a downward trend in the past 23 years. Moreover, the explanatory ability of NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) was strongest of any of the natural factors considered. Among the socio-economic factors, the explanatory power of the human activity index (HAI) was greatest. Additionally, the interaction between natural factors and socio-economic factors exhibits synergistic enhancement, which affects the degree of spatial differentiation of IESV. The spatio-temporal variation in IESV is the result of the joint action between human activities and natural factors. This study can provide a scientific basis for the optimization of ecosystems and the development of ecological security in Western Jilin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-hole radar is a method for geophysical exploration of geological conditions between two holes that can meet the need for refined detection of fractures. Full waveform inversion and reverse time migration are usually used in geophysical data processing and imaging. Full waveform inversion can invert the high-resolution relative permittivity image of the underground using the full-amplitude and phase information of the radar wave. Reverse time migration can migrate each reflection point in the radar record to its original position, thereby reflecting the real location of the underground interface. In this paper, we combined these two methods to achieve the purpose of refined detection of cross-hole radar for fractures in the tunnel side wall. Through several numerical simulation examples, we found that when there is a certain degree of electrical difference between the fractures and the surrounding rock, full waveform inversion can accurately reflect the distribution of the fractures and the relative permittivity value. Reverse time migration is more prominent in the description of the low-angle fractures interface, which facilitates the accurate division of the fracture. The combination approach of the two methods can accurately reflect the information of fractures in the wall, but the imaging effect for high-angle fractures is not ideal. The engineering data processing results of the cross-hole radar measured on the tunnel side wall of the Yinsong, Jilin, China prove the reliability of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault section diagnosis (FSD) is a critical part of the power system dispatching and control. To diagnose the faulty section(s) correctly, an improved binary variant of gaining‐sharing knowledge‐based algorithm (GSK) named LOBGSK is presented in this paper. It stretches the original GSK over binary search space so as to solve the 0‐1 integer programming FSD problem. In LOBGSK, individuals are encoded by binary numbers and logical operations instead of real arithmetic operations are designed to update the individuals. By this, LOBGSK can avoid transcoding in solving the FSD problem. To validate the effectiveness of LOBGSK, it is first applied to a 4‐substation test system considering various fault scenarios. Then it is further implemented to the IEEE 118‐bus system and an actual fault event occurred in a practical power grid in Jilin province of China. In addition, the influence of three key parameters of LOBGSK is also investigated. Simulation results show that LOBGSK is robust against its key parameters and can offer a 100% successful rate to diagnose different faults quickly, which is demonstrated by the reported results of some published FSD methods. Furthermore, it outperforms seven state‐of‐the‐art metaheuristic algorithms and the original GSK in solving the FSD problem of power systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical remote sensing images not only have to make a fundamental tradeoff between the spatial and spectral resolutions, but also are inevitable to be polluted by the clouds; however, the existing pansharpening methods mainly focus on the resolution enhancement of the optical remote sensing images without cloud contamination. How to fuse the cloud-contaminated images to achieve the joint resolution enhancement and cloud removal is a promising and challenging work. In this paper, a pansharpening method for the challenging cloud-contaminated very high-resolution remote sensing images is proposed. Furthermore, the cloud-contaminated conditions for the practical observations with all the thick clouds, the thin clouds, the haze, and the cloud shadows are comprehensively considered. In the proposed methods, a two-step fusion framework based on multisource and multitemporal observations is presented: 1) the thin clouds, the haze, and the light cloud shadows are proposed to be first jointly removed and 2) a variational-based integrated fusion model is then proposed to achieve the joint resolution enhancement and missing information reconstruction for the thick clouds and dark cloud shadows. Through the proposed fusion method, a promising cloud-free fused image with both high spatial and high spectral resolutions can be obtained. To comprehensively test and verify the proposed method, the experiments were implemented based on both the cloud-free and cloud-contaminated images, and a number of different remote sensing satellites including the IKONOS, the QuickBird, the Jilin (JL)-1, and the Deimos-2 images were utilized. The experimental results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the relationship between urban construction land and economic development, this paper uses a decoupling model to analyze the decoupling relationship between expansion of urban construction land and economic growth in Jilin Province. The results show that from 2000 to 2015, the decoupling of urban construction land expansion and economic growth in Jilin province tended to be reasonable. The paper divides urban decoupling into three categories. The first type consists of ideal cities, including Liaoyuan and Baishan. The second type includes basic ideal cities like Changchun, Tonghua, Songyuan, Baicheng, and Yanbian. The third type consists of non-ideal cities, including Jilin and Siping. This paper puts forward relevant measures to promote the further decoupling of construction land expansion and economic growth in order to realize the sustainable use of land resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastering the spatial distribution of water retention capacity and scientifically delineating the ecological space for water conservation are of great significance to the management of regional land and water resources. In this paper, a water conservation ecological spatial delimitation framework suitable for water-deficient areas was put forward. The water retention capacity of the study area in 1983, 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2016 was evaluated by using the InVEST Water Yield model and water balance method, respectively. On this basis, a flexible inflection point model based on the contribution degree of functional units was established. Then the ecological space for water conservation was delimited. The framework was applied to the delimitation of the key water conservation areas in Jilin province, China. The results showed that: (1) the spatial distribution pattern of water conservation in Jilin province gradually decreased from east to west. The spatial difference was significant. The maximum value of water conservation in Jilin province was 730 mm. From 1983 to 2016, water conservation, which accounted for 75.71% of the area, showed an upward trend. The overall water retention capacity showed the characteristics of the overall increase and the local decline. (2) From the absolute amount of the effect of unit area change on water conservation, the intensity from the high to the low was forestland, cultivated land, grassland, unused land, buildings, and water. (3) The area of water conservation less than 474 mm accounted for more than 80% of the total study area. The overall water retention capacity was low. High importance ecological space area of water conservation was comprehensively defined as 36.97%, which was mainly distributed in the natural forest area of Changbai Mountain in the east and the south of Song Liao Plain. Therefore, this study provided a basic layout of relatively concentrated ecological spatial distribution for water conservation types at different levels in Jilin province. The study results and conclusions of this paper will provide a reference for water conservation assessment and the regional land’s natural resources management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

(1) Background--In 2021, the forest chief system was fully implemented nationwide. Under this background, how to embed the forest-chief system into the forest resources management system in the state-owned forest areas and fully realize the comprehensive efficiency of forest supervision and protection policies has become an important issue in the forest areas at present. (2) Methods--Based on the field investigation of some typical forestry enterprises in the key state-owned forest areas, this paper systematically analyzed the forest resources management practice after the reform in the key state-owned forest areas at the present stage, summarized the new challenges faced by the forest resources management mechanism after the implementation of the forest chief system, and on this basis, put forward policy suggestions to help the forest chief system to be embedded in the forest resources management system in the key state-owned forest areas. (3) Results--First, the forest chief system was carried out in the key state-owned forest areas, and the state-owned forest industry enterprises were incorporated into the local forest chief system through the organization of personnel. Second, the managers in different state-owned forest industry enterprises served as forest chiefs in different forms. Among them, the enterprise managers of China Longjiang Forest Industry Group Co., Ltd., Yichun Forest Industry Group and Daxing' anling Forestry Group participated in the forest chief system by serving as deputy forest chief of their respective counties (cities or districts). The managers of Jilin Forest Industry Group Co., Ltd.and Changbai Mountain Forest Industry Group served as the general forest chief of their respective forestry bureaus in accordance with the county-level forest chief system. As one of the six major areas of responsibility under the forest chief system in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Inner Mongolia Forest Industry Group appointed deputy forest chief to manage forest resources. (4) Conclusions and Discussions--The implementation of forest chief system in the key state-owned forest areas faces a series of challenges. First, in the process of realizing the policy goal of forest chief system in the key state-owned forest areas, the forest resources management in the forest areas needs to be systematically integrated in the goal setting. Second, under the background of the overall implementation of forest chief system, the forest resources management in the key state-owned forest areas has a pattern of "dual-track and parallel". Third, the coordination mechanism of forest resources management under the forest chief system in the key state-owned forest areas is not perfect, including the government-enterprises coordination mechanism and the social participation mechanism. Based on the above analysis, the following policy suggestions are put forward. First, promote the integration of forest resources management objectives based on the reality of the key state-owned forest areas. Second, develop a list of forest chief powers to clarify the boundaries of responsibilities and powers of forest resources management under the forest chief system. Third, accelerate the establishment of the working mechanism of forest resources management under the forest chief system. In short, when promoting the forest resources management under the forest chief system in the key state-owned forest areas, the appeals of the central government, local governments, forest industry enterprises, forest residents and other parties must be comprehensively considered, the work objectives of the forest chief system must be clearly defined, the work content of the forest chief system must be enriched, and the objectives of integrating ecological benefits, social benefits and economic benefits must be formulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Coal Science & Technology (0253-2336) is the property of Coal Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To promote the harmonious development of human and water resources, the scarcity and ecological value of water resources should be considered in water resource allocation. In this paper, synergetic theory was applied to the process of water resource allocation, and we constructed a synergetic theory-based water resource allocation model by investigating the synergetic principle of each link of water resource allocation. The objective equation was established for determining the optimal comprehensive benefit of the composite system. Multidimensional constraint conditions were constructed from the perspective of the social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefit of water supply, and balance equations were established. Order parameters were selected for the social, economic and ecological subsystems, and the order degrees of the three subsystems and the synergetic degrees of allocation schemes were calculated by using the fuzzy mathematics method to provide a basis for the recommendation of an optimal scheme. Finally, we proposed a multicycle iterative algorithm to realize the overall objective of "harmonious development between humans and water resources", which provides an effective calculation tool for water resource synergetic allocation. This model was applied in Jilin, and an optimal scheme was recommended on the basis of a synergetic degree analysis, which shows that the water supply of conventional water sources will be saved by an increase in the reclaimed water supply. In addition, after the implementation of an external diversion project by 2030, the amount of groundwater withdrawal will be gradually reduced, and the water deficit rate will be significantly reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auricularia auricula is a kind of nutrient-rich edible fungus, which has the reputation of "king of vegetarians." In this paper, the electronic nose combined with GC-MS technology was used to analyze the volatile components of A. auricula in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Shanghai, and Sichuan provinces to investigate the differences and characteristics of A. auricula in different origins. The results showed that the electronic nose could obviously distinguish the samples from Jilin and Shanghai with a high degree of discrimination, while it was inappropriate to distinguish the samples from Heilongjiang and Sichuan Province. GC-MS was used to further analyze the volatile compounds in A. auricula qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that 98 volatile components were detected and 23 of them were common components, including alcohols, aldehydes, acids, esters, hydrocarbons, and other volatile components. The relative content of acetic acid and diethyl azodicarboxylate in A. auricula from the four origins was relatively high. According to the relative odor activity value (ROAV), it was found that the key compounds that caused the aroma difference between different origins were 1-octene-3-ol, cis-3-nonene-1-ol, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, and 3-methyl butanal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The unique black soil resources and natural environment of Jilin province provide the proper conditions for the growth of ginseng-the king of herb. Ginseng industry has effectively promoted the development of medical and health industry, and brought considerable economic income for ginseng farmers. However, long-term continuous cropping of ginseng causes the chemical, biological, and physical properties deterioration of soil, which influences the yield and the quanlity of ginseng, and results in the occurrence of replant obstacle. Identifying the malignant soil factors in continuous cropping obstacles, then analyzing the evolution process, and putting forward the improvement strategies is the primary task of ginseng research at present. This paper reviews the influence of ginseng cultivation on the physicochemical property, nutrient, enzyme activity, microecology and ecotoxicity of the soil, and the achievements of improving ginseng soil by chemical and biological techniques and methods in recent 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents age and geochemical data of a recently identified Late Paleozoic volcanic sequence in central Jilin Province, with aims to discuss the petrogenesis and to constrain the tectonic evolution of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt in this area. Firstly, the volcanic rocks have zircon U‐Pb ages of 290–270 Ma. Secondly, they are characterized by (a) ranging in composition from the low‐K tholeiite series to high‐K calc‐alkaline series; (b) enrichment in light rare earth elements and depletion of heavy rare earth elements, with negative Eu anomalies; and (c) negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies. Finally, the volcanic rocks yield ∊Hf(t) values of +7.1 to +17. These data suggest that the central Jilin volcanic rocks were possibly derived from predominant partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle that might have been modified by subducted slab–derived fluids. Combined with previous studies, the Late Paleozoic–Early Mesozoic magmatism in Central Jilin can be divided into two stages: (a) a volcanic arc stage (290–270 Ma) represented by low‐K to high–K, tholeiite to calc–alkaline plutons and (b) a syn–collisional stage (260–240 Ma) represented by high‐K calc–alkaline I‐type granites. Furthermore, the timing and the tectonic setting of the above magmatic rocks show that the arc was probably produced by the northward subduction of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean and that the final closure of the Paleo‐Asian Ocean occurred prior to the Early Triassic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Natural Gas Industry is the property of Natural Gas Industry Journal Agency and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Natural Resources / Ziran Ziyuan Xuebao is the property of Journal of Natural Resources and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Summary Electric heating is perceived as an effective way to tackle heavy wind curtailment and severe smog in northern China, wherein distributed electric heating (DEH) accounts for a significant proportion. However, more research is required with regard to its thermal characteristic. This paper presents the multiperiod heating storage control for a DEH load to reduce wind curtailment. To cope with intermittent wind power, a novel multi‐objective and layered optimization method is proposed by decomposing the integrated electricity and heating optimization problem into the electricity optimization subproblem and the heating optimization subproblem. Additionally, the influence of solar radiation on the thermal characteristic of the DEH load is considered in the building thermal process model when creating the day‐ahead schedule of the DEH load control, and this is also regarded as the basis for grouping DEH users. Last, the simulation and economic feasibility analysis based on the data measured by the DEH system of Jilin Province, China, are carried out. The results show that this proposal can reduce the electricity cost for DEH users by 25%, and the critical feasible price for curtailed wind power is varying between 86.1 and 115.3 yuan/MWh according to different subsidy methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, China's pig industry has gradually shifted to the northeast. Compared with the rich feed resources and land resources in Northeast China, the cold environment reduces the feed conversion efficiency and the production performance of pigs. In the winter of northern China, pig producers often face a huge problem of heat preservation when they control the environment of piggery. The aim of this study is to explore the heat preservation of piggeries in Northeast China. According to the investigation, there were four types of piggeries in Jilin Province, which were brick wall piggery, concrete wall piggery, color steel wall piggery and greenhouse piggery. The simulated piggeries with brick wall, concrete wall and color steel wall were based on the experimental piggery of Jilin Agricultural University, the simulated piggery with greenhouse was based on a piggery in a pig farm, and the simulated pig farm area was based on a pig farm area. Based on Ecotect software, this paper took a typical piggery in a large pig farm in Jilin Province as an object, and studied the light and heat environment of piggery, and the light environment of pig farm production area. The daylight factor of different heights in the piggery and the lighting situation in the production area of the pig farm were studied. The thermal insulation performances of 4 kinds of piggeries with different walls were analyzed. The results were as follows: The daylight factor of each research height of the experimental piggery was higher than 2%, which met the green building standard. The production area of the pig farm had good daylight, and the solar radiation in Great Cold Day could reach 5.38 MJ/(m²·d), and the sunshine was sufficient. The building spacing of the pig farm met the epidemic prevention standard, and there was no shelter problem. By comparing the monthly energy consumption values of 4 kinds of piggeries with different building materials, the best insulation performance of piggeries was as follow: Clay porous brick piggery, foam concrete pig piggery, color steel piggery with phenolic sandwich board, low density polyethylene film greenhouse piggery. After considering the cost, it was recommended to use cinder brick masonry piggery, fly ash aerated block piggery, polyphenylene sandwich board color steel piggery and low density polyethylene film greenhouse piggery. The daily energy consumption of empty piggery in December was tested and verified. The relative error range was 0.74%-8.62% after data comparison, which verified the reliability of the model. The simulation values of energy consumption were in good agreement with the measured values. On the one hand, it verified the correctness and rationality of setting parameters in the software. On the other hand, it showed that Ecotect software was feasible in piggery building. This paper can provide theoretical basis for exploring the light and heat environment of the northern piggery, and provide more ideas for architects to optimize the design before the implementation of the plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In seasonally frozen areas, physical and mechanical soil properties change dynamically under the effect of the freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs), which is a problem that cannot be ignored in geotechnical engineering. In order to study the effect of the FTC on the strength and the mechanism of deformation and failure of saline soil, this paper took Nong'an saline soil as the research object. In total, 105 groups of remolded samples with different salt contents (S) after FTCs were examined in unconsolidated-undrained tests. On the basis of the experiment results, the influence of FTCs on the mechanical properties of Nong'an saline soil was analyzed. The failure principal stress difference (σ1 − σ3)f and cohesion (c) were both decreased with FTC. This occurred especially rapidly after the first cycle and became stable between 30 and 60 cycles. The internal friction angle φ increased at first and then decreased. According to experimental data, a modified Duncan-Chang model was established. Compared with the experiment results, this model was reasonable to simulate the stress-strain relationship of Nong'an saline soil. Furthermore, the empirical formulas of Duncan-Chang model parameters were obtained by regression analysis. This provides a theoretical basis for saline–soil foundation and subgrade engineering in seasonal frozen areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whereas groundwater numerical simulation is an essential part of groundwater environmental impact analysis, the authors propose a more accurate and suitable method for identifying and predicting the groundwater environment, laying a scientific basis for groundwater environmental impact evaluation. Targeted at the river and lake connection project in Jilin Province, this paper establishes a groundwater prediction model based on the groundwater modelling system (GMS), and considers the land salinization risk posed by the variation in groundwater level after the water diversion of the project. The results show that the depth of phreatic water in each area is greater than the upper limit of ecological water level after the implementation of the project plan, leaving a small chance for soil salinization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Retrofitting coal-fired power plants with renewables and hybrid energy storages. • Flexible green hydrogen production via electrolyzer to tackle energy curtailment. • Multi-regional and multi-temporal feasibility analysis of the carbon-free retrofit. • The carbon-free retrofit is techno-economically feasible in wind-rich regions. • The proposed retrofit in Jilin is more profitable than carbon capture and storage. In the context of global decarbonization, China announced to peak its CO 2 emission before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060. The power sector dominates the total CO 2 emissions in China, where coal-fired power plants are both the largest source of power generation and CO 2 emissions, so exploring its decarbonized transition is essential to achieving the carbon neutrality commitment. To this end, this paper proposes a novel carbon-free retrofitting scheme for coal-fired power plants based on 100% renewable energy, hybrid energy storage system, and flexible green hydrogen production using energy curtailment, which can be techno-economically feasible for practical applications. Then, the multi-regional and multi-temporal profitability of this retrofitting scheme is comprehensively assessed to confirm the proposed hypothesis via a life cycle economic optimization model. Taking the province-level regions in China as case studies, the assessment results reveal that the proposed retrofitting scheme is technically feasible in all investigated regions, and economically profitable in Jilin, Shanghai, Liaoning, and Heilongjiang regions with rich wind resource. Particularly, the optimal net present value of the proposed scheme in Jilin is 24.04 billion CNY, higher than the figure for carbon capture and storage-based retrofit (5.79 billion CNY) and even the non-retrofitted plant (9.28 billion CNY), confirming its economic superiority in specific regions. The cost breakdown in Jilin indicates that the flexible green hydrogen production using energy curtailment can additionally provide 106.3 billion CNY hydrogen trading revenue to recover the overall retrofitting cost (104.7 billion CNY), while the retrofitting scheme without electrolyzer will suffer a 44.17 billion CNY deficit owing to the oversized configuration. Moreover, the long-term profitability analysis shows that the proposed retrofitting scheme in Jilin can always achieve the best profitability from 2022 to 2050 despite the decline of projected hydrogen price, with the net present value ranging from 24.04 billion CNY to 1.12 billion CNY. Overall, this paper provides a techno-economically feasible solution for the decarbonizing transition of coal-fired power plants, and the proposed retrofit can be piloted in regions with rich renewable energy resources and mature hydrogen trading market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During tunneling processes, disc cutters of a tunnel boring machine (TBM) usually need to be frequently and unexpectedly replaced. Regular inspections are needed to check disc cutters' status, which significantly reduces the work efficiency and increases the cost. This paper proposes a new prediction model based on TBM operational parameters and geological conditions that determines whether disc cutter replacement is needed. Firstly, an evaluation criterion for whether the cutters need to be replaced is constructed. Secondly, specific parameters related to the evaluation criterion are analyzed and 18 features are established on tunneling monitoring information. Then, the mapping model between the cutter replacement judgement and the established features is built based on a kernel support vector machine (KSVM). Finally, the data obtained from a Jilin water transport tunnel project is utilized to verify the performance of the proposed model. Test results show that the new model can obtain an average accuracy of 90.0% and an average F1 score of 86.2% on field data prediction based on data from past tunneling days. Therefore, the proposed data-predictive model can be used in tunneling to accurately predict whether disc cutters need to be replaced before human judgment, and thereby greatly improve tunneling safety and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The Bainaimiao arc belt has a tectonic affinity different from the North China Craton. • The Precambrian basement of the Bainaimiao arc belt is laterally heterogeneous. • The Bainaimiao arc belt is an early Paleozoic composite arc system. As an important part of the southeastern boundary of the Central Asian Orogenic Belt (CAOB), the Bainaimiao arc belt, particularly its tectonic affinity and Precambrian basement composition, is an important element to provide new insights about the crustal growth of the CAOB. However, these remain poorly understood. This paper presents new geochronological, whole-rock geochemical and zircon Hf isotope data on early Paleozoic intrusive rocks from the Bainaimiao arc belt in the southeastern CAOB. The Ordovician gabbroic diorites in the Zhengxiangbaiqi area of the western Bainaimiao arc belt have low SiO 2 contents (51.73–54.82 wt%), high TiO 2 (0.99–1.07 wt%) and TFe 2 O 3 contents (9.68–9.89 wt%), depletions in Nb, Ta and Ti, and positive ε Hf (t) values (6.8–11.3). These rocks generated from partial melting of a mantle wedge that has been metasomatized by subducted-derived fluids. The Silurian monzogranites in the Zhengxiangbaiqi area have high contents of SiO 2 (72.61–75.12 wt%) and K 2 O (2.75–4.12 wt%), positive ε Hf (t) values (0.7–9.3) and abundant Precambrian inherited zircons. These monzogranites originated from partial melting of the thickened juvenile crustal components with significant ancient crustal contamination. The Silurian granites and granodiorites in the Faku area of the eastern Bainaimiao arc belt are characterized by high Na 2 O contents (4.00–4.52 wt%), high Sr/Y ratios, low MgO (1.15–1.74 wt%) and K 2 O contents (0.52–1.42 wt%), low K 2 O/Na 2 O ratios, and positive ε Hf (t) values ranging from 0.6 to 8.1. These rocks were derived from partial melting of a subducted slab interacted with mantle peridotite. New zircon U-Pb-Hf isotope data from these early Paleozoic intrusive rocks combined with previous results indicate that the Precambrian basement of the Bainaimiao arc belt is laterally heterogeneous, with Neoarchean-Paleoproterozoic basement beneath the western Bainaimiao arc belt and Paleo-Mesoproterozoic basement beneath the central Jilin area in the eastern Bainaimiao arc belt. The Bainaimiao arc belt has a tectonic affinity different from the North China Craton (NCC) and represents a composite arc system consisting of an ensialic island arc with a basement composition similar to that of the Precambrian microcontinents in the CAOB in the Bayan Obo-Damaoqi-Bainaimiao-Zhengxiangbaiqi and central Jilin areas and an oceanic island arc in the Ongniud-Faku and southern Jilin areas. The involvement of composite arc systems in the amalgamation of the accretionary orogenic belt could be an important mechanism for crustal growth in the CAOB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dispersive soils are highly sensitive to moisture content, and its particles are prone to hydraulic erosion and scouring. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of antecedent moisture content on the erosion of dispersive soils in the Zhenlai area and establish erosion characteristics. The soil samples were collected from the Zhenlai area in the western part of Jilin Province, China. The erodibility was assessed at five different antecedent moisture content levels (with a 2% increment) by simulating rainfall in a laboratory setting on small-scale slopes. The results indicate that there are significant differences in erosion characteristics among slopes with different antecedent moisture content levels. The sediment yield from slopes with antecedent moisture content above the optimum moisture content is 60% lower compared to slopes with moisture content below the optimum moisture content. The optimum moisture content was served as a clear erosion threshold. When introducing the soil parameter of matric suction, it was found that it effectively characterizes the sensitivity of dispersive soils in this area to variations in antecedent moisture content and their impact on slope erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The external environment in the transitional zone of the ecological barrier is fragile, and economic growth has resulted in a series of land degradation issues, significantly impacting regional economic development and the ecological environment. Therefore, monitoring, assessing, and predicting land use changes are crucial for ecological security and sustainable development. This study developed an integrated model comprising convolutional neural network, cellular automata, and Markov chain to forecast the land use status of western Jilin, located in the transitional zone of the ecological barrier, by the year 2030. Additionally, the study evaluated the role of land use policies in the context of land use changes in western Jilin. The findings demonstrate that the coupled modeling approach exhibits excellent predictive performance for land use prediction in western Jilin, yielding a Kappa coefficient of 93.26%. Policy drivers play a significant role in shaping land use patterns in western Jilin, as evidenced by the declining farmland accompanied by improved land utilization, the sustained high levels of forest aligning with sustainable development strategies, the ongoing restoration of waters and grassland, which are expected to show positive growth by 2030, and the steady growth in built-up areas. This study contributes to understanding the dynamics of land use in the transitional zone of the ecological barrier, thereby promoting sustainable development and ecological resilience in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mastering the lodging risk of planting environment is of great significance to the optimal layout of maize varieties and the breeding of lodging resistant varieties. However, the existing lodging risk models are still at the stage of single or multi-factors independent analysis, and lack of assessment for different lodging types. To address this issue, based on the mechanism of different lodging types, the Archimedean copula function was used to describe the joint probability distribution of wind speed and precipitation, and the lodging risk assessment model of maize was established. By comparing the goodness of fit, when the rank correlation coefficient of these two is positive and negative, the corresponding optimal joint probability distribution functions are the Gumbel copula and Frank copula. According to the spatial distribution of lodging risk, the area from Liaodong Bay northward to Tongyu, Jilin province in the Northeast and the North China Plain has a high frequency of lodging, in which the probability of stalk lodging is two to four times that of root lodging. Finally, we discussed how to apply the lodging risk distribution results to optimize the maize variety test sites to improve the efficiency and reliability of the existing test system. The method proposed in this paper comprehensively considers the synergistic effect of multiple factors and can provide technical support for other risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zircon U–Pb geochronology and Hf–O isotope composition provide important information on geological events. This matrix-matched reference material is routinely used to yield accurate and precise zircon U–Pb ages and Hf–O isotope ratios with in situ techniques. In this study, a new potential zircon reference material (Jilin) separated from gabbro diorite was introduced for microbeam U–Pb age and Hf–O isotope analysis. The obtained average U, Th, Pb, Lu and Hf concentrations were 439 ± 26 ppm (1 s), 378 ± 39 ppm (1 s), 67.6 ± 1.6 ppm (1 s), 54.6 ± 6.5 ppm (1 s), and 9135 ± 510 ppm (1 s) respectively. The chemical abrasion isotope dilution thermal ionization mass-spectrometry (CA-ID-TIMS) method yielded a Th-corrected weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 117.63 ± 0.04 Ma (2 s, MSWD = 1.9). The homogeneity of U–Pb ages in Jilin zircon was also investigated in two independent secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) laboratories and four different laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) laboratories. The obtained mean 206Pb/238U ages with SIMS and LA-ICP-MS were 116.8 ± 2.9 Ma and 117.8 ± 2.7 Ma, respectively, which are consistent with the CA-ID-TIMS value within the analytical uncertainties. The distribution of Hf isotopic composition was evaluated with LA-multicollector-ICP-MS (LA-MC-ICP-MS) and solution MC-ICP-MS. The results acquired in two LA-MC-ICP-MS laboratories were identical to the solution value with a mean 176Hf/177Hf ratio of 0.282926 ± 0.000014 (2SD, n = 17). The O isotope obtained with the laser fluorination method is also in agreement with the SIMS analysis with the recommended mean δ18O value of 6.05 ± 0.25‰ (2SD, n = 8). The results obtained with multianalytical techniques clearly indicate that the U–Pb age and Hf–O isotopic composition are homogenous in Jilin zircon grains. We propose the Jilin zircon as a potential reference material for the primary external calibration or monitoring of analytical validation for Mesozoic U–Pb geochronology and Hf–O isotopic measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jilin oilfield has great potential of tight oil resources and the reservoir physical property is poor. The conventional hydraulic fracturing technology was easy to cause reservoir pollution and delayed the energy supplement, so the oil well production declined rapidly. Carbon dioxide water free fracturing technology has the advantages of increasing formation energy, reducing reservoir damage and mixing crude oil. Based on the study of viscosity, sand carrying capacity and filtration characteristics of liquid carbon dioxide fracturing fluid system. sand adding test of carbon dioxide anhydrous fracturing technology is carried out in this paper. Through optimizing thickener type II fracturing fluid to enhance the viscosity of carbon dioxide, adopting the sand adding method combining slug with continuous sand adding, optimizing the proportion of pre-fluid. perfecting the sand adding process, and increasing the sand adding scale, the viscosity of fracturing fluid system is increased by 15-45 times and the effect is obviously better than that of thickener type 1. By using carbon dioxide water free sand fracturing technology, the daily oil production of 10 wells is more than twice of the conventional heavy pressure, and the water resources of a single well can be saved by 1512 m³. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]