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A new species of Psychodidae is described by a well-preserved adult male trapped in Miocene amber from Simojovel, Chiapas, Mexico. The new species named Trichomyia vetusta sp. nov., is described, illustrated, and compared with the other Trichomyia fossil species from Mexican amber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new flat bark beetle fossil (Laemophloeidae) is described from a well-preserved adult female specimen, trapped in amber, from the Miocene of Simojovel (Chiapas, Mexico). The fossil belongs to Placonotus MacLeay, a large extant genus of Laemophloeidae. The new species, Placonotus sepulvedae Gomes & Souza sp. nov, is compared with other Nearctic and Neotropical living species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first neriid fossil is described from a well-preserved adult female trapped in amber from the Miocene of Simojovel, Chiapas, south-eastern Mexico. The fossil corresponds to a new genus and species named Palaeonerius souzai Sepúlveda & Gomes gen. et sp. nov. The new taxon is described and compared with other, extant Neotropical neriid genera. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fannia Robineau-Desvoidy is found in all biogeographic regions. The genus contains approximately 360 known species, 18 of which have been recorded from Mexico. Herein, we describe six new species in the Fannia pretiosa-group, redescribe Fannia gilvitarsis Chillcott, and provide diagnosis, habitus images, drawings of the male terminalia, and an identification key for all species of the group that occur in Mexico. All Fannia pretiosa-group species from Mexico share a similar morphology of the mid tibia, hind femur, and male terminalia.

We conducted a study of material from the Colección de Artrópodos de Referencia Forense, UNAM (CARF), Colección Nacional de Insectos, UNAM (CNIN) and Colección de Insectos del Bosque Seco, Estación de Biología Chamela, UNAM (EBCH), which revealed three new distributional records of cactus flies species in Mexico as follows: Cerantichir enderleini (Hennig, 1937), Eoneria blanchardi Aczél, 1951, and Glyphidops durus (Cresson, 1926). This study also described two new species: Cerantichir mexicana Gomes & Sepúlveda and Eoneria ramirezi Gomes & Sepúlveda. We update the distribution records of the cactus flies (Neriidae) distributed in Mexico. The list of species includes: Glyphidops filosus (Fabricius, 1805), Glyphidops flavifrons (Bigot, 1886), Glyphidops filosus (Fabricius, 1805), Glyphidops xanthopus (Schiner, 1868), Nerius pilifer Fabricius, 1805, Nerius plurivittatus Bigot, 1886, Nerius purpusianus Enderlein, 1922, Odontoloxozus longicornis (Coquillett, 1904), and Odontoloxozus pachycericola Mangan & Baldwin, 1986. This study increases the number of species known to occur in Mexico from eight to 13.

The genus Botanophila Lioy has several species distributed in North America, but none had been recorded from Mexico. Here we describe three new species of Botanophila from the highlands of the Mexican Transition Zone. We include images of habitus, drawings of the terminalia and a key to facilitate the identification of species. Remarkably, the male of the new species has dichoptic eyes, an unusual characteristic in Anthomyiidae.

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the causal agent of multiple nosocomial infections worldwide, including catheter-associated bacteremia in hemodialysis patients. The purposes of this work were to genetically characterize a group of MRSA isolates from catheter-related infections of ambulatory Mexican hemodialysis patients and to determine whether the strains are the same as those carried by the patients in their anterior nares. Sixteen pairs of MRSA isolates from the catheter (cat) and anterior nares (N) of hemodialysis patients were compared using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), PCR detection of adhesion genes and other virulence markers, and an antibiogram. Three pairs of N/cat MRSA isolates (18.7 %) with identical resistograms also showed the same combination of PCR-detected markers and PFGE pattern; one additional pair showed only an identical electrophoretic PFGE pattern. Of the MRSA isolates, 75 % (n = 24) were resistant to ≥ 7 antibiotics, 4 isolates were resistant to 11 antibiotics, and 7 isolates were resistant to the 12 antibiotics tested. The most frequent virulence marker combination found was spa, clfA, clfB, cna, bbp, ebps, map/eap, sdrC, sdrD, sdrE, ica, agr (65.6 %, n = 21). The SCCmec alleles of the 32 MRSA isolates were IV (n = 20), I (n = 7), II (n = 4), and V (n = 1), and no SCCmec type III MRSA was found. The genotypic characterization of the MRSA isolates studied in this work will contribute to a better understanding of the virulence gene makeup of catheter-colonizing S. aureus strains and will help to lower the infection risk in these patients.