1,211 results
Search Results
2. ACTA Background Papers No.6: Editorial
- Author
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Combe, Colleen
- Published
- 2000
3. Paper 3 : self-empowerment : researching in a both-ways framework.
- Author
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Ober, R. and Bat, M.
- Published
- 2008
4. Occasional Papers Published by the Historical Society of the Northern Territory from 2007 to 2010
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- 2011
5. Occasional Papers Published by the Historical Society of the Northern Territory in 2007 and 2008
- Published
- 2009
6. Reply to McConvell's two-way blind alley paper
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Harris, Stephen
- Published
- 1991
7. Industry views about the Banned Drinker Register in the Northern Territory: Early lessons from a qualitative evaluation.
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Adamson, Elizabeth, Clifford, Sarah, Wallace, Tessa, and Smith, James A.
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ALCOHOL industry ,THEMATIC analysis ,COMMUNITY safety ,PAPER industry ,COMMUNICATION strategies - Abstract
Introduction and Aims: The Northern Territory Government has recently planned and implemented an extensive suite of alcohol harm minimisation policies, including the reintroduction of the Banned Drinker Register (BDR). It is an explicit alcohol supply reduction measure that places persons who consume alcohol at harmful levels onto a register, prohibiting the purchase of alcohol from take‐away liquor outlets. This paper explores industry stakeholders' perspectives regarding the extent to which the BDR is meeting its objectives to improve community health and safety by reducing alcohol‐related harms. Design and Methods: Interviews and one focus group were conducted with 66 alcohol industry stakeholders from urban and remote locations. Focusing on outcomes both central (crime and safety) and peripheral (health and therapeutic support) to the stakeholders' interest, the authors used inductive thematic analysis to examine participants' perceptions about the effectiveness of the BDR. Results: Analysis revealed mixed views about the effectiveness of the BDR. There is a tension between the objective to address public amenity and decrease crime, as expressed by the participants, compared to the health‐focused approach to therapeutic services and referrals identified in other sources. Discussion and Conclusions: Drawing on these findings, alongside other relevant sources, the authors argue there is a need for a more effective communication strategy to the public and professional community to enhance the capacity of the BDR to meet its goals. The authors recognise the limitations of alcohol industry stakeholder views and identify the need for a comprehensive evaluation approach that includes multiple stakeholder perspectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Work Papers of SIL-AAB, Series B Volume 12 - Papers in Literacy [Book Review]
- Published
- 1985
9. A Share in the Future . . . Only for Those Who Become Like 'Us'! : Challenging the 'Standardisation' Reform Approach to Indigenous Education in the Northern Territory.
- Author
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Spillman, David
- Published
- 2017
10. A differentiated approach to Indigenous pedagogies: addressing gaps in teachers' knowledge.
- Author
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Funk, Johanna and Woodroffe, Tracy
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS peoples ,FIRST Nations of Canada ,INDIGENOUS Australians ,INDIGENOUS children ,TRADITIONAL knowledge ,TEACHERS ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
Acknowledging Australian Indigenous cultural diversity involves respecting local Indigenous knowledge and perspectives. This can be difficult for teachers who do not know about Indigenous people and their knowledge. The Differentiated Indigenous Pedagogies project evaluated digitally available information describing Indigenous in this paper, 'Indigenous' will be used when referring to First Nations and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, pedagogies, policies, and institutional contexts in Australia apart from references used which use other terminology. The authors acknowledge the contested nature of terminology and use the term 'Indigenous' as it is consistent with the title of the research project on which this article is based pedagogies in the Northern Territory. The purpose was to consolidate findings to increase positive intercultural actions in the wider education community. An important aspect of the project is addressing gaps in western, non-Indigenous teacher knowledge pertinent to the diversity within Indigenous language groups and regions. Through searching for available Indigenous pedagogies as a teacher might, we found information differs in description and levels of relationality. Pedagogies are presented in numerous ways which complicates teachers' cultural understandings. Common themes from search results and Indigenist educational research are used to define ways teachers can actively engage in more respectful, relational, and reconciliatory ways to develop a differentiated approach for themselves to use when working with Indigenous pedagogies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
11. Caregivers of Children With Disabilities in the Northern Territory, Australia: Experiences of Educational Non-Inclusion.
- Author
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Rheinberger, Sarah, Staley, Bea, and Nutton, Georgie
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CHILDREN with disabilities ,CAREGIVER attitudes ,MAINSTREAMING in special education ,LEGAL literature ,INCLUSIVE education ,CAREGIVERS - Abstract
Inclusive education is enshrined in law and supported by the literature as best practice in education. Inclusive education has been shown to provide better academic, social and behavioural outcomes for children with disabilities than segregated learning environments. In the Northern Territory, Australia, however, the dual system of mainstream and special education persists and so too does segregation and exclusion. The Northern Territory education strategy commits to strengthening inclusion and empowering families in educational decision-making by listening to their voices. In this paper, we highlight some of these voices, examining the experiences and perspectives of caregivers of children with disabilities as they participate in education in the Northern Territory. Caregivers' experiences were coded into categories of inclusion and exclusion. Those that were not clearly inclusion nor exclusion were identified and the theme of non-inclusion was created. Non-inclusion was analysed thematically and is discussed as a nebulous space that exists for caregivers, presenting significant challenges that threaten their child's inclusion at school as they navigate this dual system. If Australian education systems are to provide genuine inclusive education, we need to understand the experiences of caregivers better so we can remediate the issues creating non-inclusion for children with disabilities and caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Decomposing the gaps in healthy and unhealthy life expectancies between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians: a burden of disease and injury study.
- Author
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Zhao, Yuejen, Unnikrishnan, Renu, Chondur, Ramakrishna, Wright, Jo, and Green, Danielle
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WOUNDS & injuries ,CROSS-sectional method ,MENTAL health ,HEALTH expectancy ,LIFE expectancy ,MUSCULOSKELETAL system diseases ,POPULATION health ,GLOBAL burden of disease ,QUANTITATIVE research ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,DISEASES ,HEALTH of indigenous peoples ,COMPARATIVE studies ,ENDOCRINE diseases ,INDIGENOUS Australians ,EVALUATION - Abstract
Background: The gaps in healthy life expectancy (HLE) between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians are significant. Detailed and accurate information is required to develop strategies that will close these health disparities. This paper aims to quantify and compare the causes and their relative contributions to the life expectancy (LE) gaps between the Indigenous and non-Indigenous population in the Northern Territory (NT), Australia. Methods: The age-cause decomposition was used to analyse the differences in HLE and unhealthy life expectancy (ULE), where LE = HLE + ULE. The data was sourced from the burden of disease and injury study in the NT between 2014 and 2018. Results: In 2014–2018, the HLE at birth in the NT Indigenous population was estimated at 43.3 years in males and 41.4 years in females, 26.5 and 33.5 years shorter than the non-Indigenous population. This gap approximately doubled the LE gap (14.0 years in males, 16.6 years in females) at birth. In contrast to LE and HLE, ULE at birth was longer in the Indigenous than non-Indigenous population. The leading causes of the ULE gap at birth were endocrine conditions (explaining 2.9–4.4 years, 23–26%), followed by mental conditions in males and musculoskeletal conditions in females (1.92 and 1.94 years, 15% and 12% respectively), markedly different from the causes of the LE gap (cardiovascular disease, cancers and unintentional injury). Conclusions: The ULE estimates offer valuable insights into the patterns of morbidity particularly useful in terms of primary and secondary prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
13. An evaluation and refinement of the "Hep B Story" app, tailored to meet the community's cultural needs.
- Author
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Binks, Paula, Venkatesan, Sudharsan, Everitt, Anngie, Gurruwiwi, George Garambaka, Dhurrkay, Roslyn Gundjirryirr, Bukulatjpi, Sarah Mariyalawuy, Ross, Cheryl, Alley, Tiana, Hosking, Kelly, Vintour-Cesar, Emily, McKinnon, Melita, Sullivan, Richard P., Davis, Joshua S., Hefler, Marita, and Davies, Jane
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS Australians ,ABORIGINAL Australians ,COMMUNITY-based participatory research ,HEPATITIS B ,TRADITIONAL knowledge - Abstract
Background: Hepatitis B is endemic amongst the Australian Aboriginal population in the Northern Territory. A participatory action research project identified the lack of culturally appropriate education tools and led to the development of the "Hep B Story" app in the Aboriginal language Yolŋu Matha. This paper describes a formal evaluation of the app's first version, which informed improvements and translation into a further ten Aboriginal languages. Methods: The evaluation employed Participatory Action Research (PAR) principles to work within Indigenous research methodologies and prioritise Indigenous knowledge to improve the app iteratively. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups were conducted across the Northern Territory with 11 different language groups. Local Community Based Researchers and Aboriginal Research team members coordinated sessions. The recorded, translated conversations were transcribed verbatim and thematically analysed using an inductive and deductive approach. Results: Between November 2018 and September 2020, 94 individuals from 11 language groups participated in 25 semi-structured interviews and 10 focus groups. All participants identified as Aboriginal. Most participants felt the app would be culturally appropriate for Aboriginal communities in the Northern Territory and improve knowledge surrounding hepatitis B. The information gathered from these interviews allowed for identifying five main themes: support for app, relationships, concept versus language, shame, and perceptions of images, along with errors that required modification. Conclusions: A "real-life" evaluation of the app was comprehensively completed using a PAR approach blended with Indigenous research methods. This evaluation allowed us to develop an updated and enhanced version of the app before creating the additional ten language versions. An iterative approach alongside strong community engagement was pivotal in ensuring the app's cultural safety and appropriateness. We recommend avoiding the use of knowledge-based evaluations in an Aboriginal setting to ensure relevant and culturally appropriate feedback is obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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14. What We Know about Successful School Leadership from Australian Cases and an Open Systems Model of School Leadership.
- Author
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Goode, Helen, Drysdale, Lawrie, and Gurr, David
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EDUCATIONAL leadership ,SCHOOL administrators ,SCHOOL principals ,TEACHER effectiveness ,RESEARCH personnel ,INTERORGANIZATIONAL networks ,WOMEN'S empowerment - Abstract
In three devolved Australian school systems, for over 20 years, Australian researchers have been interested in understanding how successful school leaders lead schools that have a broad range of student and school outcomes that are above expectations. This paper draws upon findings from five Tasmanian, 18 Victorian, and one Northern Territory multiple-perspective case studies of successful primary, secondary, and special school principals. All cases are part of the International Successful School Principalship Project (ISSPP) and follow the methodologies of the ISSPP. At each school, data collected included interviews with the principal, senior teachers, teachers, students, parents, and school council members and document analysis. In addition, nine cases included observation of school activities, and two cases included a teacher survey. The cases reveal a complicated pattern of leadership activities by the principal and other school leaders that includes setting school directions, building positive cultures, developing supportive organisational structures, enhancing personal, professional, organisational, and community capacity, and developing networks, collaborations, partnerships, and stakeholder engagement. These areas of leadership action interact with school, staff, family, and broader contextual factors to develop outstanding teaching and learning that results in a wide array of positive student and school outcomes. Student outcomes include academic, extra-curricular, co-curricular, personal, and social areas. School outcomes include reputation, learning environment, resource allocation, community empowerment, and teacher quality areas. Successful school leadership is shown to be a complex endeavour, led by the principal but involving many and able to be sustained successfully over many years, leading to important and diverse student and school outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
15. Languages networking evening.
- Author
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Armstrong, David
- Published
- 2011
16. The 1986 Annaburroo experimental grassland fires: data.
- Author
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Gould, James S., Cruz, Miguel G., and Sullivan, Andrew L.
- Subjects
FLAME spread ,GRASSLAND fires ,WILDFIRES ,FIRE weather ,DOWNLOADING ,WIND speed ,HUMIDITY - Abstract
Background: In 1986, CSIRO conducted a large program of experimental fires in grassland at Annaburroo Station, Northern Territory, Australia, with the objective of quantifying the effect of fuel condition (load and height) on fire behaviour. Aims: This paper provides the data collected during this program, representing a unique set of observations and measurements of large, free-burning experimental fires conducted in a multi-factor experimental design. Methods: Data are collated by experimental burn plot, providing detailed measurements of weather (wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity), fuel state (load, height, moisture content, curing) and fire behaviour (rate of spread, flame depth, flame height, head fire width), as well as processed information (e.g. steady-state rate of spread). Data availability: The data are made available for free download on the CSIRO Data Access Portal () and include detailed metadata descriptions of the data and their structure, also provided in this article. Conclusions: We have made the data available for fire behaviour researchers around the world to use in their research under the Creative Commons Attributions licence. It is hoped they will analyse these data and extract new and innovative insights to help improve our understanding of wildland fires burning in grass fuels. The 1986 Annaburroo grassland fire experiments conducted in the Northern Territory, Australia, created a unique dataset of fire behaviour across a range of fuel and burning conditions. This dataset, comprising detailed observations of fuels, weather and fire behaviour in 121 plots, is now publicly available via the CSIRO Data Access Portal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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17. Developing an integrated clinical decision support system for the early identification and management of kidney disease—building cross-sectoral partnerships.
- Author
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Gorham, Gillian, Abeyaratne, Asanga, Heard, Sam, Moore, Liz, George, Pratish, Kamler, Paul, Majoni, Sandawana William, Chen, Winnie, Balasubramanya, Bhavya, Talukder, Mohammad Radwanur, Pascoe, Sophie, Whitehead, Adam, Sajiv, Cherian, Maple Brown, Louise, Kangaharan, Nadarajah, and Cass, Alan
- Subjects
CLINICAL decision support systems ,DISEASE management ,SYSTEM identification ,KIDNEY diseases ,DISEASE risk factors ,HEMODIALYSIS facilities - Abstract
Background: The burden of chronic conditions is growing in Australia with people in remote areas experiencing high rates of disease, especially kidney disease. Health care in remote areas of the Northern Territory (NT) is complicated by a mobile population, high staff turnover, poor communication between health services and complex comorbid health conditions requiring multidisciplinary care. Aim: This paper aims to describe the collaborative process between research, government and non-government health services to develop an integrated clinical decision support system to improve patient care. Methods: Building on established partnerships in the government and Aboriginal Community-Controlled Health Service (ACCHS) sectors, we developed a novel digital clinical decision support system for people at risk of developing kidney disease (due to hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease) or with kidney disease. A cross-organisational and multidisciplinary Steering Committee has overseen the design, development and implementation stages. Further, the system's design and functionality were strongly informed by experts (Clinical Reference Group and Technical Working Group), health service providers, and end-user feedback through a formative evaluation. Results: We established data sharing agreements with 11 ACCHS to link patient level data with 56 government primary health services and six hospitals. Electronic Health Record (EHR) data, based on agreed criteria, is automatically and securely transferred from 15 existing EHR platforms. Through clinician-determined algorithms, the system assists clinicians to diagnose, monitor and provide guideline-based care for individuals, as well as service-level risk stratification and alerts for clinically significant events. Conclusion: Disconnected health services and separate EHRs result in information gaps and a health and safety risk, particularly for patients who access multiple health services. However, barriers to clinical data sharing between health services still exist. In this first phase, we report how robust partnerships and effective governance processes can overcome these barriers to support clinical decision making and contribute to holistic care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Tally Ho Boys' Training Farm, Aboriginal children and the intersection of school, welfare and justice systems, 1950s–1960s.
- Author
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Marsden, Beth
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INDIGENOUS children ,INDIGENOUS Australians ,SCHOOL children ,JUSTICE administration ,ELEMENTARY education ,CHILD care - Abstract
Purpose: This paper draws on the archival records of the Victorian Education Department, literature produced by the governing authority of Tally Ho (the Central Mission), and newspaper reports produced in the mid-20th century about school and education at Tally Ho. This paper also draws on material from the Victorian Aborigines Welfare Board and the Northern Territory Department of Welfare, as well as two historical key government inquiries into the institutionalisation of children. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses Tally Ho Boys' Training Farm as a case study to examine the intersection of welfare systems, justice systems and schooling and education for Aboriginal children in institutions like Tally Ho in the mid-20th century. Further, it provides perspectives on how institutions such as Tally Ho were utilised by governments in Victoria and the Northern Territory to pursue different agendas – sometimes educational – particular to Aboriginal children. This paper also explores how histories can be reconstructed when archives are missing or silent about histories of Aboriginal childhood. Findings: This paper demonstrates how governments used Tally Ho to control and govern the lives of Aboriginal children. By drawing together archives from a range of bodies and authorities who controlled legislation and policies, this paper contributes new understandings about the role of institutions in Victoria to the assimilation policies of Victoria and the Northern Territory in the mid-20th century. Originality/value: Scholarship on the institutionalisation of children in the post-war era in Victoria, including the ways that schooling and justice systems were experienced by children living in care, has failed to fully engage with the experiences of Aboriginal children. Historians have given limited attention to the experiences of Aboriginal children living in institutions off Aboriginal reserves in Victoria. There has been limited historical scholarship examining the experiences of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children at Tally Ho. This paper broadens our understandings about how Aboriginal children encountered institutionalisation in Victoria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Archaeology of animate ancestors and entanglement at Mayarnjarn in the Wellington Range region, Northern Territory.
- Author
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Wright, Duncan, Nejman, Ladislav, Skitmore, Steve, Brennan, Wayne, Parkes, Rebecca, Lamilami, Ronald, and Taçon, Paul S. C.
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ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,ETHNOLOGY ,ARCHAEOLOGY ,HOLOCENE Epoch ,ROCK art (Archaeology) ,COMMUNITIES ,SOCIAL mobility ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL assemblages ,CATHEDRALS - Abstract
Copyright of Archaeology in Oceania is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
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20. Oral health investigations of indigenous participants in remote settings: a methods paper describing the dental component of wave III of an Australian Aboriginal birth cohort study.
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Jamieson, Lisa M. and Sayers, Susan M.
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DENTAL care ,DENTAL informatics ,HEALTH surveys ,INDIGENOUS peoples - Abstract
Background: A prospective Aboriginal Birth Cohort (ABC) study has been underway in Australia's Northern Territory since 1987. Inclusion of oral epidemiological information in a follow-up study required flexible and novel approaches with unconventional techniques. Documenting these procedures may be of value to researchers interested in including oral health components in remotely-located studies. The objectives are to compare and describe dental data collection methods in wave III of the ABC study with a more conventional oral health investigation. Methods: The Australian National Survey of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH) was considered the 'conventional' study. Differences between this investigation and the dental component of the ABC study were assessed in terms of ethics, location, recruitment, consent, privacy, equipment, examination, clinical data collection and replication. In the ABC study, recording of clinical data by different voice recording techniques were described and assessed for ease-of-use portability, reliability, time-efficiency and costeffectiveness. Results: Conventional investigation recruitment was by post and telephone. Participants self presented. Examinations took place in dental clinics, using customised dental chairs with standard dental lights attached. For all examinations, a dental assistant recorded dental data directly onto a laptop computer. By contrast, follow-up of ABC study participants involved a multi-phase protocol with reliance on locally-employed Indigenous advocates bringing participants to the examination point. Dental examinations occurred in settings ranging from health centre clinic rooms to improvised spaces outdoors. The dental chair was a lightweight, portable reclining camp chair and the dental light a fire-fighter's head torch with rechargeable batteries. The digital voice recorder was considered the most suitable instrument for clinical dental data collection in the ABC study in comparison with computer-based voice-recording software. Conclusion: Oral health examinations among indigenous populations residing in predominantly remote locations are more logistically challenging than are surveys of the general population. However, lack of resources or conventional clinical infrastructures need not compromise the collection of dental data in such studies. Instead, there is a need to be flexible and creative in establishing culturally-sensitive environments with available resources, and to consider non-conventional approaches to data gathering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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21. 'The economic world of choice': mainstreaming discourses and Indigenous bilingual education in Australia 1998–99.
- Author
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Thomas, Archie
- Subjects
BILINGUAL education ,LANGUAGE schools ,DISCOURSE ,ENGLISH language - Abstract
Indigenous language bilingual schooling, introduced in Australia's Northern Territory (NT) in 1973, was a reality for over twenty-five schools at the program's height. Today, the language-of-instruction in these same settings is English only, with only 7 state schools operating bilingual programs. Overt Government hostility began with an attempt to defund Indigenous bilingual education in 1998-99. This paper argues that the discursive techniques used to justify these cuts were crucial to developing key themes in 'mainstreaming discourses' in Indigenous politics, which has rehabilitated assimilationist thinking in a neoliberal context through the 2000s and since. Using a discourse-historical method, this paper elucidates how mainstreaming discourses were constructed against bilingual education in the 1998–99 debate, and how they emphasized English-only education geared towards neoliberal assimilation for remote Indigenous communities. Indigenous bilingual education was conceived as part of 'failed' self-determination in remote Australia. This paper enhances understanding of the patterns and themes of mainstreaming discourses by tracing their genealogical development in this debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Health policy evaluation in rural and remote Australia: a qualitative exploration and lessons from the Northern Territory.
- Author
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Raymond, Kate, Nathan, Sally, Harrison, Reema, and Meyer, Lois
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HEALTH policy ,RURAL conditions ,POPULATION geography ,QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Objective: This study explored approaches of government policymakers to health policy evaluation (HPE) in Australian rural and remote settings. Methods: Semi-structured interviews captured experiences and insights of 25 policymakers in the Northern Territory Department of Health. Data were thematically analysed using an inductive approach to coding and theme development. Results: We identified five main themes about HPE in rural and remote settings: (1) centring the rural and remote context; (2) balancing ideology, power and evidence; (3) working with community; (4) strengthening policy workforce capabilities in monitoring and evaluation; and (5) valuing evaluation through leadership. Conclusion: HPE is complex in any setting, however, policymakers navigate unique complexities in rural and remote health contexts. HPE can be enabled by developing policymaker and leadership capabilities in rural and remote settings and supporting co-design with communities. What is known about the topic? Rigorous HPE can be difficult in rural and remote settings. Policymakers often do not adapt evaluative design to suit complex implementation settings such as those in rural and remote Australia. What does this paper add? This paper characterises HPE experiences of Australian rural and remote health policymakers, indicating the need to tailor HPE to contexts and communities of rural and remote Australia. What are the implications for practitioners? Policymakers should incorporate community co-design into policy for contextually relevant HPE. Government agencies are responsible for developing workforce capacity for better HPE and embedding co-design in practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
23. On solatium: towards a rethinking of compensation.
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Sheehan, John, Brown, Jasper, and Rayner, Kenneth
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PROPERTY rights ,PRACTICE of law ,LEGAL procedure - Abstract
Sovereign governments generally benefit from the capacity to commute private property rights to public ownership in order to undertake projects for the public benefit. When private property rights are compulsorily acquired by Australian governments, the criteria for the assessment of compensation accruing to the dispossessed landowner ordinarily requires consideration of a raft of heads of possible compensation. The primary aim of this paper is to canvass how those elements of traditional concepts of solatium as one of the heads of compensation ought now be viewed in the light of the defining High Court decision in Northern Territory v Griffiths [2019] HCA 7. However, a secondary aim (of the authors) is also to give consideration as to how the notion of solatium now fits in the broader Constitutional framework of the heads of compensation for private property rights compulsorily acquired. NSW legislation is used in this paper as a general exemplar of the Australian legal milieu regarding compulsory acquisition law and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Pigments and Binders Used in Bark Paintings by Aboriginal Artists from Across the Northern Territory and the Kimberly Region in Western Australia.
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Rayner, Georgina, Khandekar, Narayan, Eremin, Katherine, Kirby, Daniel P., and Shortland, Andrew
- Subjects
- *
LASER ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry , *PIGMENTS , *BINDING mediums (Paint) , *MANGANESE ores - Abstract
Bark paintings represent a unique artform that originated in Australia and continues to this day. This paper presents a scientific investigation into both the pigments and binders used by Aboriginal artists from across the Northern Territory (NT) and the Kimberley region in Western Australia (WA) and represents the first major study dedicated to identifying these materials in samples taken from paintings. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy were used to identify the pigments in the four colors commonly associated with works by Aboriginal artists: red, yellow, black, and white. Iron oxides are used for red and yellow. Typically, kaolin is used for white and carbon or natural manganese ores are used for black, although the use of other pigments such as huntite (white) and battery black were seen in paintings from specific locations. Evidence of trade could not be established during this study; however, analysis shows that artists may use different pigments based on location and availability. A combination of FTIR and pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (pyrolysis-GC-MS) was utilized to investigate the presence of a binder in the paint. Plant-based materials were identified as the binder in the majority of the paintings. The use of orchid juice was common, both as a preparatory layer on the bark substrate and as a paint binder. The presence of synthetic resins was more widespread than anticipated, attributed to both conservation efforts and more modern painting practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Aboriginal Self‐determination, Land Rights, and Recognition in the Whitlam Era: Laying Groundwork for Power Sharing and Representation.
- Author
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Perche, Diana
- Subjects
- *
REFERENDUM , *PROPERTY rights , *POLITICAL oratory , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *LAND tenure , *LEGISLATIVE power , *INDIGENOUS rights - Abstract
The Whitlam Labor government (1972–75) is remembered for ushering in a new era in Indigenous affairs, with the move to "self‐determination", abandoning the longstanding insistence on "assimilation". The new government intended to deploy the Commonwealth's new legislative power established in the 1967 constitutional referendum to bring in a range of reforms, responding to consistent demands from Indigenous leaders, activists, and supporters through the previous decade. Whitlam's campaign speech promised anti‐discrimination legislation, provisions to allow Aboriginal communities to incorporate, and legislation of a system of land tenure. The government faced considerable political obstacles, ultimately curbing the ambitious reform agenda. Nevertheless, these initial efforts to conceptualise representation, recognition, and compensation laid important foundations for the current public debate about "Voice, Treaty, Truth", following the Uluru Statement from the Heart. This paper explores self‐determination through the path‐breaking work of the Woodward Aboriginal Land Rights Commission and the establishment of well‐resourced land councils as authoritative and legitimate representatives of Aboriginal people in the Northern Territory. The Whitlam government's willingness to experiment with power‐sharing in the sensitive area of land ownership provided a valuable prototype for genuine engagement with First Nations people today, as Australia contemplates the failure of the constitutional referendum around a Voice to parliament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Fractal education inquiry.
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López, Ligia (Licho) López
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INQUIRY method (Teaching) ,TEACHER competencies ,JUVENILE detention ,TRANSNATIONAL education ,EDUCATIONAL change - Abstract
This paper draws on transnational education inquiry from Guatemala to Australia. Grounded in field research on Indigenous matters, this paper offers fractal education inquiry as a proposition to interrupt the straight and spatialized notions of time that produce developmental, salvific, and progress-centric aspirations from which educational problems are generated. Set as a manifestación, the paper begins with the case of the Don Dale youth detention center in Australia's Northern Territory and moves on to define the terms of fractal inquiry to defy carceral logics. Fractal education inquiry is exemplified in the study of teacher education reforms in Guatemala. In the last section, the paper interrogates the logics of the gap, teacher competencies in diverse classrooms, and the disadvantaging of populations as reinscriptions of educational regimes attempting to tame multiple and Indigenous fractal ontologies that defy the linear temporalities ruling current schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. 'Cop chasing' in Alice Springs: Youth experiences of surveillance in a Central Australian Town.
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YOUNG adults ,INDIGENOUS youth ,COMMUNITIES ,CITIES & towns ,POLICE surveillance ,LOCAL mass media - Abstract
Indigenous youth living in Alice Springs are subject to routine forms of surveillance, facilitated by a range of stakeholders, including police, security guards, government agents, business owners and members of their own communities. 'The problem' of youth is the subject of much attention in media and community forums as well as Northern Territory specific legislation, resulting in increased levels of policing in town. Drawing on recently collected fieldwork data, this paper explores some of the nuances in the relationships through which these processes of surveillance are enacted. Encounters observed and described by young people themselves are often at once both intimate and oppressive. This paper will first explore recent policy approaches and then focus on some examples of youth experiences with policing to outline some of the ways in which young people navigate and resist surveillance in Alice Springs. Understanding youth experiences of surveillance and policing enables a distinctive perspective on a shifting social world, and offers insight into contemporary forms of disadvantage faced by Indigenous youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Using the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform Assessment of cognitive strategy use with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples: Initial exploration of clinical utility.
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Smith, Rebecca Leanne, Ranka, Judy, and Nott, Melissa
- Subjects
COGNITION disorders diagnosis ,INDIGENOUS Australians ,OCCUPATIONAL therapy needs assessment ,CULTURE ,MEDICAL rehabilitation ,PILOT projects ,PATIENT-centered care ,TASK performance ,PATIENTS ,NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests ,OCCUPATIONAL therapy services ,RESEARCH funding ,COGNITIVE testing ,SENSITIVITY & specificity (Statistics) ,COMPUTED tomography ,BRAIN injuries ,REHABILITATION for brain injury patients ,GOAL (Psychology) ,EVALUATION ,DISEASE complications - Abstract
Introduction: Culturally safe and meaningful cognitive assessment methods for use with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are scarce. Concerns are raised regarding the efficacy of existing methods in cross‐cultural contexts. The Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) Assessment offers a person‐centred alternative whereby cognitive strategy application is examined during performance of culturally relevant everyday tasks. This paper explores its use with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. Methods: A critical case study design was applied to examine the effectiveness and relevance of the PRPP Assessment with two Aboriginal Australian people in the Northern Territory of Australia. 'Ivan' and 'Jean' were each receiving occupational therapy through a rehabilitation service over a 6‐month period following acquired brain injuries. Ivan and Jean were assessed performing everyday tasks of interest and importance to them as part of routine care. A partnership approach was adopted throughout the process, and both consented to their stories being told. Results: The PRPP Assessment was able to measure changes in Ivan's and Jean's cognitive strategy use and its impact on performance of meaningful tasks. Ivan demonstrated a 46% increase in performance mastery and a 29% increase in cognitive strategy use with most improvements identified in his ability to sense information, initiate action, and continue performance. Jean demonstrated a 71% increase in performance mastery and a 32% increase in cognitive strategy use. Her greatest improvements were in the ability to recall schemes, self‐evaluate, and initiate action. Conclusion: The two critical case stories shared in this study suggest that the PRPP Assessment has emerging evidence of clinical utility when used with Aboriginal people with acquired brain impairment. The information gained revealed strengths in performance; it was effective in measuring change in cognitive strategy use, was able to inform the goal setting process, and guided intervention to support cognitive strategy use during task performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Indigenous Self-determination Under Settler Colonial Capitalism: Northern Territory Cattle Communities 1968–96.
- Author
-
Rowse, Tim
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS peoples ,PASTORAL societies ,CAPITALISM ,COLONISTS - Abstract
Using the papers of the Gibb Committee on the future of Aboriginal communities on pastoral properties in the Northern Territory (1970–72), this article contributes both theoretically and empirically to the history of self-determination policy. It reveals non-Aboriginal authorities' thinking at a crucial moment in the history of the governing of remote Aboriginal Australians: the dissolution of the 'pastoral-feudal' order under the impact of 'equal wages' and access to cash social security. The article argues that the state and pastoralists had to consider two modalities of Aboriginal empowerment: as individual citizen-workers whose labour time had now to be valued as a commodity; and as 'communities' aspiring to autonomy from the authority of pastoralists. The article concludes by arguing that the settler colonial state's imperatives are both 'capitalist' and 'custodial'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Indigenous protected areas in Sea Country: Indigenous‐driven collaborative marine protected areas in Australia.
- Author
-
Rist, Phil, Rassip, Whitney, Yunupingu, Djalinda, Wearne, Jonathan, Gould, Jackie, Dulfer‐Hyams, Melanie, Bock, Ellie, and Smyth, Dermot
- Subjects
MARINE parks & reserves ,PROTECTED areas ,INDIGENOUS Australians ,NATIONAL parks & reserves ,CULTURAL landscapes ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,WATERSHED management ,DIGITAL technology - Abstract
In many parts of the world, policymakers, legislators, marine managers, and indigenous peoples have attempted to reconcile marine protected area (MPA) governance and management with indigenous peoples' ancient and ongoing traditional ownership of coastal and marine environments. This paper describes a novel approach in Australia to addressing this challenge through indigenous‐led planning and collaborative governance of holistic coastal land and sea indigenous protected areas (IPAs) based on the indigenous concept of "Country"—traditional land and sea estates and their associated cultural, environmental, and other values.To provide context to this approach, the paper explains the concept of "Sea Country" and provides an overview of the relationship between indigenous peoples and Australia's coastal and marine environments, the legal and policy recognition of Indigenous Sea Country rights and interests, and the engagement of indigenous people in the governance and management of government‐led, legislated MPAs in Australia.The paper then describes the evolution of IPAs from being specifically based on indigenous land tenure to being based more generally on Indigenous Country, across multiple tenures, including marine areas. In recent years, IPAs based on Country have enabled indigenous people to lead planning and governance of land and sea areas over which they have limited legal rights, including over existing national parks and marine parks. Using this approach, some IPAs complement existing protected area governance and management arrangements, whereas elsewhere Country‐based IPAs are adding significantly to Australia's MPA estate. The Dhimurru IPA in the Northern Territory and Girringun Region IPAs in Queensland are presented as examples of this Country‐based approach.This indigenous‐driven, collaborative, nonlegislative approach to dedicating, governing and managing coastal areas and MPAs may serve as a model in other nation states for indigenous people wishing to use a protected area governance framework to support the contemporary management of their traditional marine and coastal estates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. 'Right‐way' science: reflections on co‐developing Indigenous and Western cross‐cultural knowledge to support Indigenous cultural fire management.
- Author
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McKemey, Michelle B., Rangers, Banbai, Rangers, Yugul Mangi, Costello, Oliver, Hunter, John T., and Ens, Emilie J.
- Subjects
TRADITIONAL knowledge ,FIRE management ,SCIENTIFIC knowledge ,INDIGENOUS peoples ,SCIENTIFIC method ,CARE of people - Abstract
Summary: Contemporary Indigenous cultural fire management facilitates opportunities for Indigenous peoples to connect to and manage their Country, as well as providing scope for research. Right‐way science is defined as collaborative process of bringing Indigenous and Western scientific knowledge and methods together to create ethical, productive and mutually beneficial research. Five key requirements of right‐way science emerge from the literature, including: building relationships and trust; formal research approval processes; co‐development of research; acknowledging challenges; and ethical, productive and mutually beneficial research. This article explores the question: how can right‐way science enhance Indigenous cultural fire management? By reflecting on research collaborations between Western scientists and Indigenous ranger groups of New South Wales (Banbai) and the Northern Territory (Yugul Mangi), this paper, firstly, describes the methods we used to explore right‐way science around cultural fire management. Secondly, it synthesises key findings of the research projects, including how we addressed the five key requirements of right‐way science elicited from the literature. Thirdly, we provide insight on how right‐way science can be applied more broadly to enhance Indigenous cultural fire management. We found that increasing opportunities for Indigenous peoples to care for their Country, supported by right‐way science, places them in a unique position to contribute to solving some of the ongoing challenges and research questions associated with fire management. Western scientists have an important role to play, as supporters and followers of Indigenous research partners, and advocates of right‐way science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Experiences of trauma and alcohol and other drug use by domestic, family, and sexual violence offenders: A review of 6 months of sentencing remarks from the Supreme Court of the Northern Territory, Australia.
- Author
-
Clifford, Sarah, Wright, Cassandra JC, Livingston, Michael, Smith, James A, Griffiths, Kalinda E, and Miller, Peter G
- Subjects
DRUG abuse ,SEXUAL assault ,VIOLENCE ,INTIMATE partner violence - Abstract
The Northern Territory (NT) has the highest rates of domestic, family and sexual violence (DFSV) in Australia. Although we know that alcohol and other drug (AOD) use and trauma both contribute to DFSV in the NT, some specifics remain unknown. This paper aims to (a) describe the extent of AOD involvement in criminally serious DFSV, (b) describe the volume of trauma experienced by convicted criminally serious DFSV offenders, and (c) qualitatively explore the judicial recognition of the intersections between alcohol and trauma. To do this we reviewed Judicial Sentencing Remarks (JSRs) from the Supreme Court of the NT. A content analysis of all DFSV JSRs from July to Dec 2020 was undertaken (n = 64). A structured coding instrument was developed to extract quantitative and qualitative variables through repeated reviews by multiple authors. Descriptive statistics regarding demographics, number of significant traumatic events experienced, and AOD involvement were generated. The qualitative data from which these statistics were generated was used to explore the interplay between trauma and AOD involvement. The majority of offenders had experienced at least one form of trauma. The social determinants of health underpinned a significant amount of this trauma, with housing, poverty, and unemployment frequently described. The use of alcohol as a maladaptive coping mechanism was explicitly recognised. There was frequent judicial recognition of the intersections between trauma, alcohol, and violence, however addressing trauma as an essential part of rehabilitation processes was rare. Trauma and AOD use were widespread among convicted DFSV offenders, with alcohol involved in the majority of incidents. Further research is required to understand the bio-psycho-social factors involved in the relationship between trauma, alcohol, and DFSV. Systematic piloting and trialling of interventions is necessary to determine what approaches are effective for preventing DFSV and reducing recidivism for people with intersecting experiences of trauma and AOD concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Bilingual education, Aboriginal self-determination and Yolŋu control at Shepherdson College, 1972–1983.
- Author
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Thomas, Amy Claire
- Subjects
BILINGUAL education ,NEOLIBERALISM ,EDUCATORS ,ORAL history ,FEDERAL government - Abstract
Purpose: Self-determination policies and the expansion of bilingual schooling across Australia's Northern Territory (NT) in the 1970s and 1980s provided opportunities for Aboriginal educators and communities to take control over schooling. This paper demonstrates how this occurred at Shepherdson College, a mission school turned government bilingual school, at Galiwin'ku on Elcho Island in North East, Arnhem Land, in the early years of the policies between 1972 and 1983. Yolŋu staff developed a syncretic vision for a Yolŋu-controlled space of education that prioritised Yolŋu knowledges and aimed to sustain Yolŋu existence. Design/methodology/approach: This paper uses archival data as well as oral histories, focusing on those with a close involvement with Shepherdson College, to elucidate the development of a Yolŋu vision for schooling. Findings: Many Yolŋu school staff and their supporters, encouraged by promises of the era, pushed for greater Yolŋu control over staffing, curriculum, school spaces and governance. The budgetary and administrative control of the NT and federal governments acted to hinder possibilities. Yet despite these bureaucratic challenges, by the time of the shift towards neoliberal constraints in the early 1980s, Yolŋu educators and their supporters had envisioned and achieved, in a nascent way, a Yolŋu schooling system. Originality/value: Previous scholarship on bilingual schooling has not closely examined the potent link between self-determination and bilingual schooling, largely focusing on pedagogical debates. Instead, this paper argues that Yolŋu embraced the "way in" offered by bilingual schooling to develop a new vision for community control through control of schooling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy: Maternal and neonatal outcomes in the Top End of Australia.
- Author
-
Lam, Chor Kiu, Thorn, Jane, Lyon, Xylyss, Waugh, Edith, Piper, Ben, and Wing‐Lun, Edwina
- Subjects
MATERNAL health services ,INDIGENOUS Australians ,RHEUMATIC heart disease ,SCIENTIFIC observation ,PREGNANT women ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,PREGNANCY outcomes ,PERINATAL death ,SEVERITY of illness index ,HEALTH care teams ,CESAREAN section ,MATERNAL mortality - Abstract
Background: Women with rheumatic heart disease (RHD) can have a lower cardiac reserve to cope with pregnancy and labour, leading to increased obstetric and cardiac risks. The Northern Territory has been repeatedly reported to have the highest prevalence of RHD in Australia, yet evidence specific to pregnancy is scarce in the literature. Aims: The primary aim of this paper is to describe the baseline characteristics and maternal outcomes of pregnant women with RHD presenting to the largest obstetrics referral hospital in the Northern Territory. The secondary aim is to evaluate the current model of care in relation to their cardiac status. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted over a 9.5‐year period. Demographics, cardiac, obstetrics and anaesthetics data were collected for analysis. Results: One hundred and twenty‐nine pregnancies were included for analysis. All women were identified as Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander, and 85% were of a RHD priority of 2 or 3. Of all 28 patients who had an emergency caesarean section, only one patient was indicated for cardiac reasons. There was no maternal or neonatal death reported. Three preterm births were induced secondary to maternal concerns related to RHD cardiac decompensation. There were no major adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal death, intraventricular haemorrhage or respiratory distress syndrome. Multidisciplinary care was also evaluated. Conclusion: We observed a low rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and no mortality in a cohort of women with mild to severe RHD. These favourable outcomes have occurred in a multidisciplinary centre with significant experience in managing the medical and cultural complexities of this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Complex early childhood experiences: Characteristics of Northern Territory children across health, education and child protection data.
- Author
-
Roper, Lucinda, He, Vincent Yaofeng, Perez-Concha, Oscar, and Guthridge, Steven
- Subjects
CHILD welfare ,DATA protection ,SCHOOL attendance ,INTERAGENCY coordination ,CHILDREN'S health ,CHILD protection services ,INDIGENOUS children ,PRESCHOOL children - Abstract
Early identification of vulnerable children to protect them from harm and support them in achieving their long-term potential is a community priority. This is particularly important in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia, where Aboriginal children are about 40% of all children, and for whom the trauma and disadvantage experienced by Aboriginal Australians has ongoing intergenerational impacts. Given that shared social determinants influence child outcomes across the domains of health, education and welfare, there is growing interest in collaborative interventions that simultaneously respond to outcomes in all domains. There is increasing recognition that many children receive services from multiple NT government agencies, however there is limited understanding of the pattern and scale of overlap of these services. In this paper, NT health, education, child protection and perinatal datasets have been linked for the first time. The records of 8,267 children born in the NT in 2006–2009 were analysed using a person-centred analytic approach. Unsupervised machine learning techniques were used to discover clusters of NT children who experience different patterns of risk. Modelling revealed four or five distinct clusters including a cluster of children who are predominantly ill and experience some neglect, a cluster who predominantly experience abuse and a cluster who predominantly experience neglect. These three, high risk clusters all have low school attendance and together comprise 10–15% of the population. There is a large group of thriving children, with low health needs, high school attendance and low CPS contact. Finally, an unexpected cluster is a modestly sized group of non-attendees, mostly Aboriginal children, who have low school attendance but are otherwise thriving. The high risk groups experience vulnerability in all three domains of health, education and child protection, supporting the need for a flexible, rather than strictly differentiated response. Interagency cooperation would be valuable to provide a suitably collective and coordinated response for the most vulnerable children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. From Practice to Pedagogy: How Lessons Learned in the Field Helped Decolonize Creative Therapies Education (De la pratique à la pédagogie : comment les leçons apprises sur le terrain ont aidé à décoloniser l'enseignement aux thérapies créatives)
- Author
-
Moss, Michelle, Rowen, Roslyn, and Lee, Anthony Duwun
- Subjects
INDIGENOUS Australians ,SOCIAL justice ,EXPRESSIVE arts therapy ,ART therapists ,ARTISTS ,UNIVERSITIES & colleges - Abstract
Copyright of Canadian Journal of Art Therapy is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Doirling: The Cobbled Shore.
- Author
-
Ó Laoire, Lillis
- Subjects
BILINGUALISM ,RECOLLECTION (Psychology) ,COLONIES ,LINGUISTIC change ,GLOBALIZATION - Abstract
This paper links subjective individual experience of bilingualism to changes arising from colonialism and globalisation. It uses subjective memory to grasp such worldwide phenomena as linguistic and cultural loss. Briefly linking a recollection from the Northern Territory, Australia, to early bilingualism and a lifelong advocacy for Gaelic languages and cultures, evident from its title, the paper shows how divergent examples cohere in a broader framework, aiming at ways to stem the effects of the Anthropocene by developing sustainable, future-oriented societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. A new species of land snail, Xanthomelon amurndamilumila, from the North East Isles off Groote Eylandt (= Ayangkidarrba), Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia (Stylommatophora, Camaenidae).
- Author
-
Köhler, Frank, Willan, Richard C., Bourke, Adam J., Barden, Paul, and Shea, Michael
- Subjects
- *
SNAILS , *ISLANDS , *COMPARATIVE anatomy , *SPECIES , *ARCHIPELAGOES , *UBIQUINONES - Abstract
This paper introduces Xanthomelon amurndamilumila sp. nov. , a newly-discovered land snail species inhabiting the North East Isles, offshore from Groote Eylandt (= Ayangkidarrba), north-western Gulf of Carpentaria, in the Northern Territory, Australia. Specimens of this species were first collected during the 2021 Bush Blitz expedition to Groote Eylandt, a large offshore archipelago previously unexplored for land snails. The taxonomic status of the new species was established through a comprehensive analysis of comparative morphology and mitochondrial genetics: X. amurndamilumila forms a maximally supported clade closely related to X. arnhemense and is characterised by a unique combination of morphological characteristics, including smaller shell size, distinctive sculpture of collabral ridges and specific features of its reproductive anatomy. The genetic divergence and phylogenetic relationships suggest historical isolation. While the discovery of X. amurndamilumila sp. nov. enriches our understanding of land snail diversity in the Northern Territory, its conservation status is of concern on North East Island because of habitat degradation caused by feral deer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Converging old and new carbon frontiers in northern Australia.
- Author
-
Neale, Timothy, Dahlgren, Kari, Howey, Kirsty, and Kearnes, Matthew
- Subjects
- *
CARBON , *CARBON credits , *CARBON emissions , *GOVERNMENT policy on climate change - Abstract
Over the past 15 years, international climate policy and governance practice have shifted from a linear model of carbon emissions management to a circular model. Whereas the former primarily focused on reducing absolute emissions, the latter focuses on balancing emissions sources and sinks. Australia, a major global exporter of 'old' carbon resources such as coal, has actively embraced circular carbon policies and their related 'new' carbon resources such as carbon credits. Focusing on Australia's Northern Territory as a site of old and new carbon economies, where government administrators have actively sought to host carbon circulations and loops, this paper examines three interlinked cases to illustrate the interdependencies generated through circular carbon policies. Identifying how sources, sinks, and the mediation of relations between them all constitute key contemporary carbon frontiers, we conclude by calling for a research agenda that analyses 'old' and 'new' carbon economies as a co‐produced assemblage rather than as isolated zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Wet season rainfall onset and flash drought: The case of the northern Australian wet season.
- Author
-
Lisonbee, Joel, Ribbe, Joachim, Otkin, Jason A., and Pudmenzky, Christa
- Subjects
RAINFALL ,EL Nino ,DROUGHTS ,MADDEN-Julian oscillation ,SEASONS ,LA Nina - Abstract
In this paper, we report on the frequency of false onsets of wet season rainfall in the case of the Northern Australian wet season and investigate the role of large‐scale tropical climate processes such as the El Niño–Southern Oscillation, Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and Madden–Julian Oscillation. A false onset occurs when a wet season rainfall onset criterion is met, but follow‐up rainfall is not received for weeks or months later. Our analysis of wet season rainfall data from 1950 through 2020 shows a false onset occurs, on average, between 20 and 30% of wet seasons across all of northern Australia. This increases at a regional and local level such as at Darwin, the Northern Territory (NT), and parts of Queensland's north coast to over 50%. Seasonal climate influences, such as a La Niña pattern and a negative IOD that typically expedite the wet season rainfall onset, also increase the likelihood of a false onset over northern Australia. Our analysis also finds that periods of false onsets can sometimes, but not always, coincide with periods of rapid soil moisture depletion. The false rainfall onsets that develop into flash drought can be potentially disruptive and costly and are of potential significance for agriculture and fire management in northern Australia, and in other monsoonal climates that also typically experience a slow build‐up to the seasonal monsoon. In conclusion, effective rainfall indicates that many seasons experience 'false onsets' with dry conditions after early rainfall. We propose that false onsets are a physical characteristic of the climate of northern Australia which occurs with relatively high frequency. In addition, these false onsets may sometimes co‐occur with a flash drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. FIFO rosters and workers' health and safety: a case study of the impacts of extended shift rosters on electrical workers in construction in the resources sector.
- Author
-
Martin, John
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL hygiene ,FIRST in, first out (Queuing theory) ,CONSTRUCTION workers ,MENTAL health personnel ,INDUSTRIAL safety - Abstract
Fly-in Fly-out (FIFO) employment has become a fundamental feature of construction activity in the resources sector in Australia. Much of the existing FIFO research has focused on the production phase of resource projects, as opposed to the construction phase. The rosters in the construction phase are less sociable than those in the production phase. Production phase-focused FIFO studies have documented negative impacts on communities, work-life balance and on the mental and occupational health of workers. This paper presents findings from a qualitative study among electrical trades workers working a challenging FIFO roster while employed during the construction phase of the INPEX LNG Project in Darwin in Australia's Northern Territory. Results from 18 semi-structured interviews are used to examine these rosters from the perspective of workplace health and safety. Findings are linked to obligations placed on the Person Conducting the Business or Undertaking (PCBU) by work health and safety legislation. The paper concludes that it is doubtful that these workers' rosters complied with the obligations placed on the PCBU by the legislation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Hope in a time of world‐shattering events and unbearable situations: Policing and an emergent 'ethics of dwelling' in Lander Warlpiri country.
- Subjects
POLICE ,POLICE attitudes ,COMMUNITY policing ,POLICE shootings ,COMMUNITIES ,PROCEDURAL justice ,EUTHANASIA ,SOLIDARITY - Abstract
In November 2019, members of Willowra community marched on the local police station in protest against the police shooting of Kumunjayi Walker at Yuendumu. Expressing solidarity with family at Yuendumu, individuals breached the barbwire fence of the vacant police compound. Unlike settlements such as Yuendumu, which have had resident police for decades, Willowra police station is 1 of 18 Northern Territory 'Taskforce Themis' stations set up as a temporary measure during the 2007 Intervention. Although the police presence is recent and inconstant, Lander Warlpiri Anmatyerr people have long experienced the agonistic effects of police authority in their region—beginning in 1928 with the gunning down of their relatives by Constable Murray and his accomplices during the Coniston Massacre. No charges were laid against these murderers, a reflection of the moral economy and 'politics of life' of settler society at the time. Although policies have changed, the past reverberates in the present, as people find creative ways to survive the effects of totalising state institutions and punitive regimes. Furthermore, while locals might back a police presence at Willowra, they continue to assert the importance of Warlpiri Law. This paper reflects upon narratives and events that illuminate local perceptions of police and their role in the community over time. In the course of this account, the focus shifts from policing to people's hopes that unbearable situations might improve, as they use shields both as object and metaphor to deflect the weapons of the state and maintain the Warlpiri socio‐moral order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. COVID - 19 the catalyst for a new paradigm in vocational education and training.
- Author
-
Bandias, Susan, Sharma, Rajeev, and Anderson, Alana
- Subjects
VOCATIONAL education ,COVID-19 ,SOCIAL distancing ,EDUCATION research ,ONLINE education - Abstract
This paper examines the response by a Vocational Education and Training (VET) provider in the Northern Territory (NT) of Australia to the travel and social distancing restrictions brought about by COVID-19. The paper commences with a description of the impact of COVID-19 on the VET sector. The paper then describes the VET regulatory environment prior to February 2020 and the responsibility of VET providers to comply with the requirements of the Australian Skills Quality Authority (ASQA), in the delivery of VET programs to domestic and international students. A discussion of the lack of a specific vocational education pedagogy, the complexity of delivering VET programs online as well as current research findings in this area follows. A description of the College provides the context to examine the impact of COVID-19 on the delivery of programs in the Northern Territory VET sector. The paper describes how the College, which had a high international student cohort, migrated their courses online in order to remain viable in the highly volatile and unforeseen circumstances brought about by COVID-19. In order to ascertain the effectiveness of the online delivery of course offerings, a questionnaire and a series of face to face and telephone interviews were conducted with key stakeholders. The mixed method approach employed in this research was consistent with contemporary social and educational research. The paper concludes with the call for a new paradigm and policy shift in Vocational Education and Training post COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
44. Government-subsidised mental health services are underused in Australian residential aged care facilities.
- Author
-
Cations, Monica, Collier, Luke R., Caughey, Gillian, Bartholomaeus, Jonathan, Lang, Catherine, Crotty, Maria, Harvey, Gillian, Wesselingh, Steven, Corlis, Megan, and Inacio, Maria C.
- Subjects
HEALTH services accessibility ,TORRES Strait Islanders ,RETROSPECTIVE studies ,DEMENTIA patients ,PRIMARY health care ,RESIDENTIAL care ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,GOVERNMENT aid ,DATA analysis software ,MENTAL health services ,MEDICARE - Abstract
Objective: To describe patterns of use of the available Government-subsidised mental health services among people living in Australian residential aged care facilities. Methods: A retrospective population-based trend analysis was conducted, including all non-Indigenous people living in an Australian facility between 2012 and 2017. Adjusted incidence proportions and trends were estimated for four groups of mental health services. Results: The use of Medicare-subsidised mental health services was very low overall. The proportion of residents who accessed primary care mental health services increased from 1.3% in 2012/2013 to 2.4% in 2016/2017, while psychiatry service use increased from 1.9 to 2.3%. Claims for clinical psychology increased from 0.18 to 0.26%, and claims for a registered psychologist, occupational therapist or social worker rose from 0.45 to 1.2%. People with dementia were less likely than people without dementia to access all services aside from psychiatry services. Conclusions: Less than 3% of residents accessed funding subsidies for mental health services and people with dementia experienced pronounced barriers to service access. Mental health care is a pillar of the publicly-funded health system in Australia, and low use of these services among aged care residents indicates a need for organisational and policy changes to improve access. What is known about the topic? People living in residential aged care facilities report very high rates of mental health conditions, including depression and anxiety. What does this paper add? We demonstrate very low use (<3%) of Government-funded mental health services among people living in residential aged care facilities in Australia, with only small increases in use over time. What are the implications for practitioners? Practitioners should routinely assess the mental health needs of people living in residential aged care and refer for in-reach mental health services where needed, noting that facility staff are usually not trained for this role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. SILBA SEPTUOSA MCALPINE, 1964 (DIPTERA: LONCHAEIDAE) BREEDING IN PAPAYA FRUIT IN EASTERN AUSTRALIA, WITH A REVISED CHECKLIST OF THE AUSTRALIAN SILBA SPECIES.
- Author
-
FAY, H. A. C. and MACGOWAN, I.
- Subjects
PAPAYA ,DIPTERA ,FRUIT flies ,SPECIES ,MOLECULAR genetics ,INTRODUCED species - Abstract
A total of 222 lonchaeid flies were reared from four samples of ripe papaya collected at Yamba (-29.442° 153.364°) in eastern Australia during October and November 2021, during work on a tephritid fruit fly. The lonchaeids were identified as Silba septuosa McAlpine, a little-known species represented by just a few identified specimens in collections and three host records, only recorded previously from Queensland and the Northern Territory and never reared from papaya. A reassessment of the identity of a lonchaeid fly attacking Panama passionfruit in far north Queensland near Kuranda 20 years earlier revealed the same species was responsible. This paper discusses aspects of the behaviour and host use of this fly in relation to other Silba Macquart and Neosilba McAlpine species, as well as their association with tephritid species. A revised checklist of Australian Silba species is provided and the need for more taxonomic work including molecular genetics on Australian lonchaeid species is highlighted, in part to be prepared for any incursions of exotic species that are considered of economic importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
46. Intercomparison of Himawari-8 AHI-FSA with MODIS and VIIRS active fire products.
- Author
-
Wickramasinghe, Chathura, Wallace, Luke, Reinke, Karin, and Jones, Simon
- Subjects
INFRARED imaging ,GEOSTATIONARY satellites ,FIRE ,WILDFIRES ,NUMBER theory ,VIDEO surveillance ,MANUFACTURED products - Abstract
The AHI-FSA (Advanced Himawari Imager - Fire Surveillance Algorithm) is a recently developed algorithm designed to support wildfire surveillance and mapping using the geostationary Himawari-8 satellite. At present, the AHI-FSA algorithm has only been tested on a number of case study fires in Western Australia. Initial results demonstrate potential as a wildfire surveillance algorithm providing high frequency (every 10 minutes), multi-resolution fire-line detections. This paper intercompares AHI-FSA across the Northern Territory of Australia (1.4 million km
2 ) over a ten-day period with the well-established fire products from LEO (Low Earth Orbiting) satellites: MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite). This paper also discusses the difficulties and solutions when comparing high temporal frequency fire products with existing low temporal resolution LEO satellite products. The results indicate that the multi-resolution approach developed for AHI-FSA is successful in mapping fire activity at 500 m. When compared to the MODIS, daily AHI-FSA omission error was only 7%. High temporal frequency data also results in AHI-FSA observing fires, at times, three hours before the MODIS overpass with much-enhanced detail on fire movement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Supporting Northern Territory Top End allied health graduates and early career staff by means of an interprofessional graduate program.
- Author
-
Sooful, Prasha, Williams, Justine, and Moore, Renae
- Subjects
ALLIED health personnel ,CONFIDENCE ,INTERDISCIPLINARY education ,INTERPROFESSIONAL relations ,ALLIED health education ,REFLECTION (Philosophy) ,INDUSTRIAL research ,STUDENTS ,GRADUATE education ,PILOT projects ,PROFESSIONAL practice ,DATA analysis software ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics - Abstract
Objectives: For allied health graduate staff, entry into the workforce can be challenging and complex to navigate. Formal, structured graduate programs in the Northern Territory are limited and are typically discipline specific. Discipline-specific graduate programs focus on clinical and specific skill sets. However, there is a need to support graduates and early career staff within a diverse and large health service by developing and encouraging interprofessional practice, as well as reflective and critical thinking skills. This article outlines a pilot inter-professional allied health graduate program trialled in the Northern Territory Top End, including program development, implementation and outcomes. Methods: A formative study design using online pre- and post-program surveys for participants and their line managers was adopted. Results: There was significant improvement noted in the graduates' confidence levels of understanding other professional roles after the pilot program. Graduates also reported an improved sense of support and reflective skills moving into their subsequent year of professional practice. Managers of graduates reported improved interprofessional practice and collaboration with other health professionals. Conclusions: The pilot program provided a sustainable model of learning and development for early career allied health professionals. Supporting the Top End graduate allied health workforce proved to be an important factor in facilitating interprofessional practice from an early stage, as integrated care and interprofessional practice are crucial to patient treatment. What is known about the topic?: Research from within Australia and internationally has demonstrated that preparing allied health professionals for interprofessional practice helped facilitate collaboration and partnerships among different professions. This, in turn, improved quality of patient health care outcomes. Interprofessional education has been documented as an effective means of educating clinicians. What does this paper add?: This paper describes how interprofessional learning and education in the form of a structured graduate program affected the perceptions of staff and implementation of interprofessional practice in the Northern Territory (NT). The Top End of the NT is unique in that a large number of allied health professionals work within integrated multidisciplinary teams or hold sole positions within regional settings. This is the first graduate program for NT allied health professionals. What are the implications for practitioners?: Allied health professionals are an integral part of a health service and fostering interprofessional practice early on can prepare new employees to collaborate and support each other with an understanding of the roles of other professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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48. Do individual liquor permit systems help Indigenous communities to manage alcohol?
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d'Abbs, Peter and Crundall, Ian
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LIQUORS ,COMMUNITIES ,ALCOHOL ,LICENSES ,TWENTIETH century - Abstract
Introduction and Aims: Liquor permits were once used throughout Scandinavia and North America for managing alcohol, but largely disappeared in the late 20th century. Today, they are used in some Indigenous communities in Nunavut, Canada and the Northern Territory, Australia. This paper examines the extent to which liquor permits: (i) contribute to reducing alcohol-related harms in Indigenous communities; and (ii) offer a viable mechanism for managing alcohol in Indigenous communities.Design and Methods: The study draws on published and unpublished international literature on liquor permit systems in Indigenous communities, and on field visits to northern territory (NT) communities.Results: Apart from one anecdotal report, the study found no evidence that liquor permit systems in Nunavut communities have reduced alcohol-related problems. In the NT, they have reduced alcohol-related harms in some communities. However, management of liquor permit systems generates significant administrative demands in communities.Discussion and Conclusions: Effectiveness of liquor permit systems is a product of five factors: permits themselves; agencies and procedures for issuing and managing permits; agencies and procedures for supplying liquor; enforcement of permit conditions, and the presence of other agencies-legal and illegal-affecting supply and consumption of liquor. Liquor permits continue to be valued by some Indigenous communities for managing alcohol. This study suggests that they can do so provided: (i) agencies administering permits have adequate support; (ii) controls over non-legal purchasing and consumption of liquor are effective, and (iii) the permit system is viewed in the community as legitimate, equitable and transparent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2019
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49. The epidemiology of superficial Streptococcal A (impetigo and pharyngitis) infections in Australia: A systematic review.
- Author
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Wiegele, Sophie, McKinnon, Elizabeth, van Schaijik, Bede, Enkel, Stephanie, Noonan, Katharine, Bowen, Asha C., and Wyber, Rosemary
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INDIGENOUS Australians ,PHARYNGITIS ,CINAHL database ,COMMUNICABLE diseases ,EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Streptoccocal A (Strep A, GAS) infections in Australia are responsible for significant morbidity and mortality through both invasive (iGAS) and post-streptococcal (postGAS) diseases as well as preceding superficial (sGAS) skin and throat infection. The burden of iGAS and postGAS are addressed in some jurisdictions by mandatory notification systems; in contrast, the burden of preceding sGAS has no reporting structure, and is less well defined. This review provides valuable, contemporaneous evidence on the epidemiology of sGAS presentations in Australia, informing preventative health projects such as a Streptococcal A vaccine and standardisation of primary care notification. Methods and findings: MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, Web of Science, Global Health, Cochrane, CINAHL databases and the grey literature were searched for studies from an Australian setting relating to the epidemiology of sGAS infections between 1970 and 2020 inclusive. Extracted data were pooled for relevant population and subgroup analysis. From 5157 titles in the databases combined with 186 grey literature reports and following removal of duplicates, 4889 articles underwent preliminary title screening. The abstract of 519 articles were reviewed with 162 articles identified for full text review, and 38 articles identified for inclusion. The majority of data was collected for impetigo in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations, remote communities, and in the Northern Territory, Australia. A paucity of data was noted for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people living in urban centres or with pharyngitis. Prevalence estimates have not significantly changed over time. Community estimates of impetigo point prevalence ranged from 5.5–66.1%, with a pooled prevalence of 27.9% [95% CI: 20.0–36.5%]. All studies excepting one included >80% Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and all excepting two were in remote or very remote settings. Observed prevalence of impetigo as diagnosed in healthcare encounters was lower, with a pooled estimate of 10.6% [95% CI: 3.1–21.8%], and a range of 0.1–50.0%. Community prevalence estimates for pharyngitis ranged from 0.2–39.4%, with a pooled estimate of 12.5% [95% CI: 3.5–25.9%], higher than the prevalence of pharyngitis in healthcare encounters; ranging from 1.0–5.0%, and a pooled estimate of 2.0% [95% CI: 1.3–2.8%]. The review was limited by heterogeneity in study design and lack of comparator studies for some populations. Conclusions: Superficial Streptococcal A infections contribute to an inequitable burden of disease in Australia and persists despite public health interventions. The burden in community studies is generally higher than in health-services settings, suggesting under-recognition, possible normalisation and missed opportunities for treatment to prevent postGAS. The available, reported epidemiology is heterogeneous. Standardised nation-wide notification for sGAS disease surveillance must be considered in combination with the development of a Communicable Diseases Network of Australia (CDNA) Series of National Guideline (SoNG), to accurately define and address disease burden across populations in Australia. Trial registration: This review is registered with PROSPERO. Registration number: CRD42019140440. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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50. Ontological Collisions in the Northern Territory's Aboriginal Water Rights Policy.
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Jackson, Sue, O'Donnell, Erin, Godden, Lee, and Langton, Marcia
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WATER rights , *INDIGENOUS peoples , *WATER in agriculture , *AGRICULTURAL water supply , *MINE water , *INDIGENOUS rights - Abstract
Amid a renewed push to extract water for agriculture and mining, Indigenous advocacy in northern Australia has resulted in the introduction of a new water allocation mechanism: a reserve of water to be retained for the use and benefit of Indigenous communities. Our socio‐legal analysis of the Oolloo Water Allocation Plan shows that the Strategic Aboriginal Water Reserves carry essential hallmarks of neoliberal property relations and are founded in the modernist mode of regulating extracted water as a commodity divisible from land, amenable to partitioning and disarticulated from socio‐cultural relations. Informed by ethnographic material from the Daly River region gathered over almost a century, we describe the hydro‐social relations that are created through customary traditions and practices, water planning and licencing, and the interaction between different scales of water movement and decision‐making by both the state and Traditional Owners. The paper contributes in several ways to research that has identified ontological conflicts as central to disagreements over water and pointed to the difficulty of articulating theoretical framings of ontological difference with the practical work of water negotiations. It shows how the new Indigenous water rights discourse that coincided with the commodification of water in wider Australia shaped the way in which Aboriginal people of this region have more recently articulated their relationships to the Daly River and the limits to state recognition of those relationships. We find that the Reserve model is unable to recognize the capacity of water to connect and unify people and other beings, as well as to define boundaries between them. Within a regime that facilitates resource extraction, a limited opening has been created for Aboriginal people to benefit from this model of economic development, yet we argue that there is reason to fear that the divisions the Aboriginal Water Reserve enacts between waters and land presents significant socio‐cultural risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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