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Abstract: In this work, the treatment of paper machine whitewater obtained from paper production by using loose and tight Nanofiltration (NF) membranes in a lab-scale plant with a plate and frame module was investigated. The NF membranes were evaluated for fouling, flux decline due to concentration polarization and their suitability for removing of components present in wastewater. The loose NF membrane was used for the first step under different transmembrane pressure (8 to 32bars) and pH (3, 5.6 and 10) values. The best filtration performances were provided under a pressure of 32bar and a pH of 5.6. The fouling mechanism at different transmembrane pressures and pH values was investigated by “Hermia''s model”. Also, fouling on pores and on the surface of NF membranes was characterized by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and contact angle measurements, respectively. For the advanced treatment of permeate obtained from the loose NF membrane that provided the lowest fouling and flux decline, a tight NF membrane was used in the second step. Even better retentions were achieved from experiments with this NF membrane. Results obtained in this study showed that the combination loose and tight NF membranes achieved reuse of paper machine white water for use as shower water of paper machine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents research concerning the nature of web seams, their characteristics, bibliographic significance, and application to the analysis of books printed with machine-made paper made during the early nineteenth century. The collection of observations are meant to contribute further to comments presented in a paper by Catherine M. Rodriguez titled "The Use of Web Seam Evidence to Determine Format." The basic terms used in the making of paper by machine, such as wire, seam and web, are defined. Suggested systems for recording the incidence of seam marks and the possible application of seam marks to bibliographical analysis are discussed.

Presents a state variable model for the drying section of a paper-making machine. Linearization and design of the model; What the solution for the model yielded; Specification of boundary conditions; Comparison of the obtained results with dynamic model results; What the study concluded.

Metso Paper has entered an agreement to buy the entire share capital of Shanghai-Chenming Paper Machinery Co Ltd, a Chinese manufacturer of paper machines. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Metso Paper will modernize the paper machine PM 6 finishing line at UPM''s Kaipola mill in Jämsä, Finland. Start-up of the upgraded LWC paper finishing line is scheduled for August 2006. The order is worth approximately €9 million. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]