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Celem badań była ocena zmiany parametrów biometrycznych i biochemicznych w kiełkach przeznaczonych do spożycia, rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.), w zależności od zawartości w podłożu jonów FeIII+. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w kulturach wodnych, wypełnionych pełną pożywką Hoaglanda. Kombinacje stanowiły rośliny rosnące w pożywce Hoaglanda bez jonów FeIII+, pożywce zawierającej dodatek jonów FeIII+ w ilości 30 mg/l oraz 300 mg/l. W trakcie doświadczenia rośliny były oświetlane lampą sodową Son-T-Agro-400W, firmy Philips, o natężeniu promieniowania na poziomie 40 μE • m2 • s−1 PAR. Po 7 dniach dokonano pomiarów biometrycznych: długość pędu (cm), długość korzeni zarodkowych (cm) oraz pomiarów biochemicznych: aktywność enzymów antyoksydacyjnych (CAT, POX) i pojemność antyoksydacyjną. Zastosowane w doświadczeniu jony FeIII+ wpływają na zmianę aktywności enzymów oraz parametry biometryczne w kiełkach rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus L. subvar. radicula Pers.).

Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu biostymulatorów: Kelpak, Asahi SL i Goëmar Goteo na kształtowanie się wybranych parametrów biochemicznych - stężenie proliny i dialdehydu malonowego, w liściach oraz różach brokułu odmiany Monaco F1, rosnących w warunkach polowych. Zastosowane w doświadczeniu biostymulatory wpłynęły na zmianę parametrów biochemicznych w badanych roślinach. Preparaty Kelpak i Goëmar Goteo istotnie podwyższały parametry stresu oksydacyjnego takie jak stężenie proliny i dialdehydu malonowego w liściach i różach brokułu odmiany Monaco F1. Natomiast preparat Asahi SL powodował nieznaczny wzrost stężenia MDA w liściach i różach brokułu oraz spadek zawartości proliny w różach brokułu.

This paper assesses the impact of sodium fluoride on the morphological parameters and activity of catalase and peroxidase during the germination and root growth phases of three winter wheat cultivars: Tobak, Dalewar, and Arkadia. During examination, the seeds were placed on plastic Petri dishes with an NaF solution at concentrations of 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0, 8.0, and 10.0 mmol dm−3. The obtained results have shown a decrease in germination, inhibition of root growth, and inhibition of catalase activity, both in the embryos and roots of all tested winter wheat cultivars. The observed effects have been strengthened with the increase of the fluoride concentration. However, the effect of NaF on the peroxidase activity has been dependent on the wheat cultivar. It is difficult to state unequivocally which of the tested winter wheat cultivars has been characterized by the highest sensitivity to fluoride. An η2 analysis has confirmed that the NaF concentration has a greater effect than the winter wheat cultivar on the activity of the determined antioxidant enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the impact of the treatment of soil with NaF and KF on activity of antioxidant enzymes involved in the Halliwell-Asada cycle: glutathione reductase (GR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and antioxidant enzymes that decompose hydrogen peroxide: catalase (CAT), and guaiacol peroxidase (POD) in winter wheat cv. Skagen seedlings. The fluoride was added to loamy sand at concentrations of 10 mmol/kg DM soil and 30 mmol/kg DM soil. This study demonstrated that soil treatment with fluorine salts caused mainly increase in the activity of the studied enzymes. The highest changes occurred in DHAR and POD activity. The influence of NaF was typically higher than that of KF, while based on η² it was determined that the activity of GR and POD was mostly shaped by the salt concentration added to soil, and those of DHAR, APX, and CAT by the time of measurement after sowing. The conducted principal component analysis demonstrated that the activity of all determined enzymes was negatively correlated with the first principal component. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride is regarded as one of the strongest oxidants, which causes oxidative changes in cells of living organisms. It may both increase the content of reactive oxygen species and inhibit the activity of antioxidative enzyme. In recent years, many researchers successfully used the properties of clay minerals in the sorption of fluoride ion from water. This raises the question of the possibility of limiting the effect of fluorine on the negative changes in plants by adding bentonite to soil. A two-year pot experiment was carried out in the Greenhouse of West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, on loamy sand and sandy loam. Each sample of soil was mixed with three different concentrations of bentonite - 1, 5, 10% of dry weight (DW) of the soil and then treated with 30 mmol of F- per 1 kg of dry weight of the soil in a form of NaF solution. A control series was prepared for each soil, to which no additives were added. The medium prepared in such way was transferred to plastic pots (3 kg each) and seeded with 16 pea seeds of Pisum sativum. In three phases of pea development (4 leaves unfolded, flowering and development of fruit), fresh leaf samples were collected and the concentrations of ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, total flavonoids and total polyphenols were measured. Sodium fluoride introduced to the soil changed the level of antioxidant parameters in the plant, which may suggest that fluoride is involved in the formation of reactive oxygen species, resulting in oxidative stress. Bentonite in a dosage of 10% reduced the toxic effects of fluoride on the oxidative balance and morphological changes in the plant, which was observed especially for loamy sand, naturally poor in clay minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the dissipation of napropamide and its impact on the activity of dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and urease in sandy clay loam. The experiment was carried out on soil samples with organic carbon content of 12.08 g·kg-1, total nitrogen content of 0.97 g·kg-1, and pH 5.24 with the following variable factors: (a) dose of Devrinol 450 SC formation (containing 450 g of napropamide in dm3): 0 (control), 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16-fold hold of field dose; (b) day of experiment: 1, 7, 14, 28, 56, and 112. The half-life of napropamide ranged from 33.50 to 71.42 days. The use of napropamide at the dose recommended by the manufacturer and at the dose reduced by half appeared to exhibit low toxicity in relation to enzymes determined. In contrast, the application of elevated napropamide doses decreased the values of biochemical parameters of the soil in most cases. The Pearson's correlation coefficients showed statistically significant negative correlation between the content of napropamide residues and the enzymatic activity of the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tea plant Camellia sinensis L. accumulates high levels of fluoride, and up to 98% of the fluoride is transferred to the leaves. This study determined the levels of fluoride in selected tea infusions in 37 different kinds of tea available on the Polish market, including 13 samples of black tea, 20 of green tea, and 4 of fruit and herbal teas. The fluoride concentration was measured potentiometrically. The results showed that the fluoride concentrations differed significantly between black and green tea infusions. The highest fluoride concentrations were found in black tea infusions, ranging from 0.728 to 3.496 mg/L. Green tea infusions contained lower concentrations of fluoride, ranging from 0.153 to 2.805 mg/L. The lowest fluoride concentrations were measured in fruit and herbal teas, ranging from 0.049 to 0.059 mg/L. In all infusions, fluoride levels increased with increasing brewing times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of three different ionic liquids (ILs): 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidynium hexafluorophosphate [Pyrrol][PF6], 1-butyl-1-methylpiperydynium hexafluorophosphate [Piper][PF6] and 1-butyl-4-methylopirydynium hexafluorophosphate [Piryd][PF6] on phosphatase activities in soil. The pot experiment was carried out on loamy sand (Corg content 9.0 g/kg) with spring barley as a tested plant. The ILs was used at the dosages of 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, 400, 700 and 1000 mg/kg dry matter (DM). On day 14, soil samples were collected and activities of alkaline phosphomonoesterase, acid phosphomonoesterase, phosphotriesterase and inorganic pyrophosphatase were determined. Based on the analysis of the effect measure η2 by variance analysis-ANOVA-the percentage shares of all variable factors affecting the activity of phosphatases were also defined. Obtained results showed that the application of different dosages of all ILs caused mainly non-significant changes in phosphatase activity. Changes in activity of phosphatases were often not dependent on IL dosages. The most sensitive for ILs were both phosphomonoesterases. The type of ILs had the highest percentage participation in formation of acid phosphomonoesterase activity, while dosages of ILs affected mainly alkaline phosphomonoesterase and phosphotriesterase activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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