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This article is a call for collective action across health equity researchers and advocates to build a more just world. We attempt to make sense of senseless structural and interpersonal brutality in the context of the current political climate across the United States, whereby the spectrum of gender nonconformity has been and continues to be stigmatized. From drag performance to transgender identities to gender-affirming health care, extremists have instrumentalized primary levers of democracy--the courts, legislatures, and social media--to attempt to outlaw and eradicate gender expansiveness and those who provide forms of support and care, including gender-affirming medical care, to transgender, nonbinary, and gender-expansive (TNBGE) individuals.

The orthogonal time-frequency space (OTFS) technique is a promising method of waveform modulation that encodes data in the delay-doppler (DD) domain. OTFS distinguishes itself from conventional multiplexing methods by employing two-dimensional modulation to alternate between the time-frequency (TF) domain and the delay-Doppler domain. This feature enables the management of Doppler shifts induced by high-speed objects, which is not possible with conventional modulation schemes such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The main objective of this work is to provide a concise and comprehensive introduction of this emerging subject, emphasizing its system concept. In addition, we analyze crucial elements of OTFS modulation, including techniques for data detection, channel estimation, MIMO, and multiuser systems.

Over the past two decades, hyperbranched polymers (HBPs) have been an interesting material for many researchers due to their unique physical and chemical properties. The purpose of this article is to review hyperbranched polymers, their history, their synthesis methodologies and their main applications. It was found that the first hyperbranched polymer was synthesized in the 19th century by Berzelius and since then several researchers have prepared other hyper-branched polymers. In addition, there are many methods for the synthesis of hyperbranched polymers, both simple and complex. There are also several applications of these polymers, ranging from construction and building materials to biomaterials. The structure of polymers is responsible for a wide range of material properties. These properties allow the use of polymer materials in the design of building and industrial structures.

_This research delves into the decomposition kinetics of propylene oxide within a novel reactor design characterized by a corrugated inner wall for enhanced cooling. By applying Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), this study aims to optimize the reactor's heat transfer capabilities to achieve precise control over the exothermic decomposition process. This approach addresses a previously unexplored area in CFD application, proposing a model that fine-tunes the decomposition efficiency of propylene oxide by considering the interplay of key parameters such as inlet mixture temperature, activation energy, flow rate, and the resulting thermal profile. The primary goal is to advance the development of more efficient and environmentally friendly chemical processing techniques in the propylene oxide industry. The study highlights the critical relationship between activation energy (74–76 kJ/mol), process temperature (29–37 °C), and cooling efficiency in optimizing the decomposition process. Significant findings indicate that higher inlet temperatures (37 °C) and lower activation energies (74 kJ/mol) lead to superior conversion rates. The study presents a clear correlation between temperature elevation, reduced activation energy, and enhanced conversion rates, demonstrating that optimizing these parameters can lead to significantly improved conversion efficiencies, potentially approaching 100 % under ideal conditions.

The prominent novelty of current review is to exhibit the fluctuating and oscillatory convective heat transfer properties along various geometries with magnetic force, variable density, Prandtl number, buoyancy force and magnetic Prandtl number effects. The significance of present work is to illustrate a comprehensive review on transient convective heat transfer. Transient convective heat transfer plays an essential role in various technological and environmental applications, including climate control, structure safety, engines, thermal control, computer heating and cooling, and energy safety. The literature primarily focuses on steady temperature and velocity domains, with few studies exploring time-varying fluid flow in forced, natural, or mixed convective mechanisms with different methods. In current review, justification of results was performed by using oscillating stokes conditions directly in partial differential models. The similarity variables and stream functions are used in literature but in current review, the primitive variable transformation is used with implicit form of finite difference method and Gaussian elimination technique through FORTRAN and Tecplot-360 programming tools. The governing model is reduced into steady, real and imaginary form to explore steady and oscillating convective heat transmission. Transient flows have gained significance due to their ability to achieve large oscillating convective heat transfer rates. Compared with steady movement, oscillating flows exhibit higher velocity variations along the heated surface. Periodic flow produces an improved transient surface heat transmission rate than steady flow. Predicting and controlling transients in thermal exchangers requires a concept of transient forced convection heat transport. Transient convective thermal transmission solutions are important for ensuring the effectiveness and reliability of electrical components, nuclear and thermal power stations, heat-generating engines, steam turbines, condensation systems, catalytic converters, heat shielding for spacecraft, electrical devices, internal combustion engines, air conditioning and refrigerator components, cooling networks for batteries, generators, and transformers. It is found that the frequency of convective heat transport enhances through periodic and oscillating stokes variables. It was depicted that the higher amplitude in convective heat transfer was displayed for each choice of magnetic force parameter around two angles π/4 and π of circular magnetized surface. It was depicted that the maximum transient convective heat transmission was reported along vertical angle π/2 with buoyancy force, Prandtl and magnetic Prandtl values.

As witnessed worldwide, there has been rapid growth in research and the creation of energy storage devices such as supercapacitor electrodes that can store and deliver energy at a speedy rate, and provide high currents in a short duration. This article deals with a review on how supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials get developed from bio-waste like cooked chicken bone waste (CCBW), chicken egg shells, fish gills, fishbone waste, and biodegradable and non-biodegradable marine wastes such as plastics, mangroves, chitosans, and mussel shells, which provide economic benefit for the substantiality of supercapacitor technology. The synthesis and preparation involved in the study include one step activation and colloidal blending processes. The characterization of the as-prepared materials is carried out by implementing XRD, FESEM, EDS, FT-IR, TGA, TEM, and RAMAN spectroscopy. It is visualized that electrode materials possess high carbon content with porosity leading to a greater specific surface area, which is essential for high conductance SC electrodes. Researche on electrochemical analysis of prepared electrodes from such marine waste materials using CV, GCD, and EIS techniques has been analyzed.

Magnetohydrodynamic free convection liquid considering Hall along with ion-slip current has many engineering usages. In addition, boundary layer flow of power-law fluids due to a stretching plane possesses sundry applications in biological sciences, geophysics, and petroleum industries. Further, hybrid nanofluids are important due to their high heat transfer capability. In view of such relevance, the goal of this investigation is to analyze Hall along with ion-slip effects on thermo-fluidic flow of magnetic power-law hybrid nanofluid so as to accomplish effective cooling in the desired thermal systems. Present investigation’s novelty is adding hybrid nanostructure to power-law fluid flow influenced by Hall and ion-slip mechanism and implementation of modified Fourier’s law featured with velocity and temperature gradients. The key results are that fluid velocity amplifies with rise in ion-slip and Hall parameters. Modified Prandtl numbers and Hall parameter ameliorate heat transfer rate while ion-slip parameter diminishes it.

While bacterial superbugs have garnered much attention, the rise of antifungal resistance poses a growing threat. This study explores the potential of newly synthesized 2,5-Bis(3,4 Dialkoxy Phenyl) Thiazolo[5,4-d] Thiazoles (DATTn compounds) as antifungal agents. Notably, DATTn compounds demonstrated significant fungicidal activity against Candida albicans, a major fungal pathogen, whereas remaining largely ineffective against common bacterial strains, such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In silico docking simulations using Schrödinger suites unveiled the molecular basis for this selectivity, revealing strong interactions between DATTn molecules and a crucial fungal protein (Portion Data Bank ID: 8JZN) in C. albicans. These findings highlight the potential of DATTn compounds as promising leads for the development of novel antifungal therapies, particularly in light of escalating drug resistance concerns.

The study of natural convection and heat transfer in a trapezoidal cavity finds a wide range of technological applications including thermal energy storage systems, building ventilation/insulation, waste heat recovery, electronic device cooling, controlling PV panel temperature, energy conservation, exchangers, nuclear reactors, furnaces, glass production, food processing, and drying technologies. The purpose of the current study is to explore the entropy and natural convection of non-Newtonian nano-encapsulated phase change material (NEPCM) suspension in a saturated porous medium enshrouded in a trapezoid-shaped domain with three heated blocks fitted with the bottom surface. The novelty of the present work is the introduction of power-law (Ostwald-de Waele) model subject to NEPCM suspension in trapezoidal enclosure emplacing three heated fins at its bottom surface embedded in Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy medium with variant porosity. The finite element method is implemented to solve the governing equations numerically. The important findings of the present study include streamlines, isotherms, velocities, and apparent viscosity enhance while entropy generation whittles down with rise in Darcy number. Entropy generation ameliorates by 519.16 % for low to high porosity of Brinkman-Forchheimer extended Darcy medium. The maximum apparent viscosity augments by 1441.24 % when power law index ameliorates.

Abstract To evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of three minimally invasive (MI) techniques in removing deep dentin carious lesions. Forty extracted carious molars were treated by conventional rotary excavation (control), chemomechanical caries removal agent (Brix 3000), ultrasonic abrasion (WOODPECKER, GUILIN, China); and Er, Cr: YSGG laser ablation (BIOLASE San Clemente, CA, USA). The assessments include; the excavation time, DIAGNOdent pen, Raman spectroscopy, Vickers microhardness, and scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDX). The rotary method recorded the shortest excavation time (p

In the recent industry field, automation has become the most important role in production processes to improve efficiency, increase production, and reduce workers. Sorting the products based on their color is a common task in the industries, but using manual sorting may take a longer time and human error may occur, especially if the production quantities are very large. To contribute to improving the quality and speed of production, we have proposed a new system to automatically separate products based on their color. This article presents a new system for identifying and separating industrial products based on their colors. The implemented system consists of three sensors used to detect the colors of the products, four chutes, and two conveyor belts designed to guide objects along the manufacturing path, and three push mechanisms to place objects in their designated places. The system includes an emergency interface, a reset interface, a stop interface, as well as communication using the PN (PROFINET Process Field Net) protocol, a programmable logic controller, and a 1511-1 central processing unit. This system has been precisely programmed and simulated using FACTORY I/O software and TIA PORTAL software to control and monitor the system effectively. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition system also includes a Human–Machine Interface user interface for maximum control. The performance of this system was tested by sorting 250 objects of different colors. These tests resulted in the successful separation of a total of 85 blue objects, 89 green objects, and 86 gray (metallic) objects within a time period of 20 min. This system shows wide applicability in various industries including diamond mining, recycling, and grain manufacturing sectors.

The present work deals with thermal aspect and entropy of ternary hybrid nanofluid (Graphene, Al2O3, and MWCNT as nanoparticles and water as base fluid) inside an inclined domain considering heat generation/absorption. The domain possesses triangle-shaped corrugated walls with variable height and a semi-circular heater located on its bottom wall. Finite element method (FEM) is employed to acquire a well-defined solution of the non-dimensional governing equations along with the boundary conditions. The influence of the pertinent parameters along with their ranges (0.2≤b≤0.3), (105≤Ra≤106), (0o≤η≤90o), (−1≤Hs≤1) has been studied. Some striking outcomes of the present investigation are that streamlines and entropy generation (EnT) peter out while local Nusselt number (Nuloc) and average Bejan number (Beave) ameliorate with rise in dimensionless height of the corrugated wall (b). The absolute maximum values of vertical and horizontal velocities of ternary hybrid nanofluid enhance by 96.47 % and 29.5 %, respectively, when inclination angle (η) increases from 45o to 90o. It is visualized that Nusselt number is maximum subject to heat sink while it attains a minimum value in response to heat source. Because of triangle shaped corrugated walls and ternary hybrid nanofluid, the present problem contributes superior cooling in thermal systems featured with such complex geometry in industries.

The present study analyzes on the reviews carried out by the previous researchers on the entropy generation caused by the flow and heat transfer of several composite nanofluids subject to varieties of geometries under the influence of several constraints of motions. The composite nanofluids include binary hybrid nanofluids and ternary hybrid nanofluids involving disparate base fluids with different suitable nanoparticles. The geometries considered are deformed surfaces (stretched/shrunk sheets, cylinders, and disks), channels and cavities. Several numerical techniques such as Runge-Kutta method and finite element/difference/volume methods are implemented in the investigations. The major and significant outcome of the review analysis is the entropy comparison for different types of nanofluids. Growth of the volume percentage of nanoparticles at a fixed mass flow rate enhances entropy formation. When porosity strength increases, the irreversible entropy production caused by fluid friction results in increased thermal efficiency of certain systems than magnetic entropies. Compared to single nanofluids, hybrid nanofluids display the maximum entropy. With increasing Rayleigh numbers, the frictional and magnetic entropies in composite nanofluids ameliorate significantly than thermal entropy.

In the past, neutron imaging has been the little brother of advanced neutron spectroscopy techniques due to its apparent simplicity. However, this simplicity allows the studying of complex chemical and electrochemical processes and related devices even under harsh reaction conditions such as high pressure, high temperature, corrosive and/or air sensitive environments. We review a number of highly relevant case studies as archetypal examples of modern energy technology; that is heat storage, power-to-X, batteries, fuel cells, and catalysis. The promising results trigger the further development of neutron imaging towards a chemical imaging method.

This work investigates the dynamics of the hybrid nanofluidic convective heat transfer in a permeable thermal system under the influence of multifrequency heating and a magnetic field. The geometry comprises a wavy-walled cavity filled with a water-based hybrid nanoliquid (Al2O3–Cu–H2O) in a saturated porous medium. The finite volume approach is applied to scrutinize the hydro-thermal characteristics resulting from bottom heating and side cooling, considering various flow-controlling parameters. The analysis reveals that nonuniform multi-frequency heating can be a highly effective strategy for enhancing heat transfer in complex geometries involving porous systems, nanofluid flow, and magnetic fields. Significant heat transfer improvement is observed at higher frequencies, with an increase of approximately 261.49 % when offset temperatures are introduced. Additionally, an increase in the undulation height of the wavy sidewalls contributes to a partial heat transfer improvement of 13.41 % compared to the case without undulations. The influence of the Darcy number, Hartmann number, porosity index, and nanoparticle concentration on heat transfer performance is also investigated. Higher Darcy and Hartmann numbers result in reduced thermal convection, while increased porosity enhances thermal convection. Elevated nanoparticle concentrations weaken the flow strength due to higher viscosity. System engineers can optimize heat transfer systems in their respective applications by comprehending the interactions between these flow-controlling parameters. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the hydro-thermal phenomena in a multiphysics problem and provides a foundation for the development of more efficient heat transfer systems.

This study was aimed to show the changes of some blood parameters by the effect of biological and chemical treatment of rice straw ,It was conducted at The Ruminant Research Station in Abu Ghraib / Directorate of / Agricultural Researches / Ministry of Agriculture, for the period from June 1, 2021 until August 27, 2021 (preceded by the preliminary period 14 days), The study included 12 Iraqi buffalo calves aged 5 - 6 months. the calves were randomly divided into three equal groups (4 calves / group), kept in individual pens and distributed among group.T1 (the control group) in which the calves were fed on untreated rice straw T2 the calves were fed on rice straw treated with urea at a rate of 3% T3 the calves were fed on rice straw treated with Trichoderma harzianum at a rate of 0.1%. The triglycerides concentration were decreased significantly (p≤0.05) in the T2 (11.28 mg/dL) and T3 (11.32 mg/dL) compared with T1 (20.79 mg/dL). similarly, the level of very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL) was decreased 2.25, 2.26, 4.16 mg/dL for T2, T3, and T1, respectively. The creatinine concentration in T2(87.19 mmol/L) was significantly decrease than that of T1(177.8 mmol/L) and T3(176.75 mmol/L). Also, ALP concentration increased in T2 (238.93 IU/liter) compared with T1. (151.82 IU/liter), while it did not differ significantly with T3( 205.83 IU/liter) Also T3 did not differ significantly from T1. The differences in the concentration of lipid profile, protein fractions and enzymes activity among groups lacked significance , feeding of rice straw treated biologically and chemically had no negative effect on buffalo calves health.