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A study was conducted to develop brown rice flour (BRF) incorporated wheat-based crackers. Central composite rotatable design with three independent variables – BRF (10–40%), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) (1–3%), and shortening (5–12%) – produced 20 different combinations. Response surface methodology was used to study the effect of different levels of BRF, CMC, and shortenings on product characteristics like spread ratio, volume index, density, width, thickness, and puffiness. All the three independent variables significantly (p more...

The notion of a tourist destination risk perception study has gained considerable prominence over the past decade. The issue of safety and security for some destinations has become a major apprehension for policy makers and legislators as well as for marketing and business people. These concerns are magnified in the case of destinations that are under perpetual threat and affected by geo-political unrest and acts of terror. For such volatile destinations, assessment and understanding of tourist risk perception might assist in the formulation of marketing strategies that will consider the various dimensions of risk perceptions and that will mitigate some of the psychological barriers to travel. Therefore, it is important to know the multi- dimensional risk perception of domestic tourists towards destinations like Kashmir and to understand the impact of identified dimensions of perceived risk on overall risk perception. A quantitative method has been adopted in this study and the final outcomes are an extension in the conceptual framework of risk. more...

Introduction: Various methods have been used for management of equinus deformity. However, stretching gastroc-soleus muscle and achilles tendon is a difficult task. It is labour intensive, which makes the provision of treatment difficult for many patients. Aim: To study the effectiveness of Tension Bar Tendon Stretch (TBTS) compared to conventional stretching in patients with equinus deformity in terms of improvement in equinus angle and spasticity. Materials and Methods: A prospective randomised case control study was done on 16 patients of both the sexes in the age group four years to 56 years. Patients were stratified based on presence or absence of spasticity. Patients were further randomly allotted to the study or control group. Study group received stretching with TBTS in addition to the conventional rehabilitation programme. Patients were assessed in terms of improvement in equinus deformity and spasticity (modified Ashworth scale). These indices were measured at 0 month (pretreatment), 1 month (post-treatment), and 6 months (follow up). Results: Equinus deformity in patients with spastic equinus changed from 22.4° to 12° in study group while in control group change was from 21° to 17°. The difference was statistically significant with p-value of 0.001. Non-spastic (post accidental) changed from 30° to 15° in study group while in control group change was from 31° to 23° with p-value of 0.001. Modified Ashworth Score (MAS) was assessed only in spastic equinus, while in study group MAS changed from 2.8 to 1.5 and MAS change was 2.6 to 2 in control group; this difference after six months of therapy was statistically significant with a p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: TBTS can be an effective tool in rehabilitation of patients having equinus deformity; it provides an effective and patient controlled stretching and no need for a physical therapist. TBTS is a novel but simple instrument that can be made locally by the patient or the family. more...

Clinical trial of 100 patients of chronic low back ache was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PMR) at Sher-i-Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Soura a Tertiary care hospital for period of two year from January 2010 to January 2012 to find out effect of Microwave diathermy (MWD). All patients were treated with Microwave diathermy along with conventional treatment. The results were compared and student′s ′t′ test was applied to see the level of significance. A significant improvement after treatment (P=0.000) was found. The present study suggests that short wave diathermy is effective for the treatment of patients with chronic low back pain. more...