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Oral cancer holds the sixth position in malignancies worldwide; 90% correspond to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Diverse reports suggest that NTRK genes and their receptors are key oncogenesis regulators to tumor progression in human cancers. Objective: To analyze the NTRK and Trk expression and their association with clinicopathological features of OSCC in Mexican patients’ samples. Material and Methods: We analyzed 95 OSCC cases of pan-trk immunoexpression through a software-assisted method. Gene expression was analyzed by RT-qPCR employing the ΔΔCT method. Kruskal–Wallis and Spearman’s correlation tests were performed. Results: Our mean age was 62.4 (±16.9) years. A total of 37 cases were tumors in the lateral border of the tongue. Age was significantly associated with the anatomical site. 42% (40 of 95) cases were pan-trk positive. A total of 21 cases showed intense immunoexpression predominantly in poorly differentiated OSCC, with a significant correlation between immunoexpression and age and gender. Gene expression showed that poorly differentiated cases exhibited higher NTRK2 expression, while well-differentiated cases demonstrated NTRK3 significantly higher expression. Conclusions: Our results suggest that NTRK family expression is present in OSCC, with differential expression related to differentiation degree. Additional information about their activation or mutational status could reinforce their potential as a possible primary or adjuvant treatment target.

Conclusion: The solid ameloblastoma may have a cystic component, in which there is the possibility of diagnostic errors when studying an incisional biopsy; for this reason, the definitive diagnosis should be established until complete enucleation of the lesion is performed. This characteristic in a solid ameloblastoma makes possible a positive response to decompression, making it easier to perform the enucleation subsequently, avoiding other aggressive treatments that can dramatically affect the patient’s quality of life and also avoiding costly reconstruction bills.

Gingiva hyperpigmentation resulting from physiological melanosis causes aesthetic discomfort and is usually perceived as a disease by patients because healthy attached gingiva is typically characterized by coral pink coloring with stippling and scalloped contours. When physiological melanosis compromises the aesthetics of smiling, it may induce insecurity in patients, who usually seek out alternatives for reducing or eliminating hyperpigmentation. We present a case report of a surgical procedure combining gingivectomy with gingivoplasty for the management of physiological melanosis. The surgical procedure was performed on a 40-year-old female patient with bilateral pigmentation in both arches. The results of the histological analysis confirm the diagnoses of melanotic macula, with papillary hyperplasia and cytopathic changes being suggestive of HPV infection, which was verified using an immunohistochemistry analysis based on the detection of a major capsid protein of HPV. Acceptable functional and aesthetic results were obtained for the patient without major discomfort during the postoperative period. In cases when HPV infection is present, long-term follow-up becomes necessary.

Ameloblastoma is a rare benign epithelial odontogenic neoplasm, but with great clinical implications, as despite its benignity and slow growth, most cases are locally aggressive with a significant recurrence rate. Histological, cellular, or molecular analyses of its pathogenesis have confirmed the complexity of this neoplasm. We present the case of a 20-year-old patient with a suggestive clinical and radiographic diagnosis of ameloblastoma. An incisional biopsy was obtained confirming the diagnosis of conventional ameloblastoma. Left hemimandibulectomy and plate reconstruction were performed. Histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen confirmed the conventional ameloblastoma with a plexiform pattern and significant areas of cystic degeneration and amyloid-like-like deposits. Additionally, a microarray was carried out with bioinformatic analysis for the enrichment, protein interaction, and determination of eight hub genes (CRP, BCHE, APP, AKT1, AGT, ACTC1, ADAM10, and APOA2) related to their pathogenesis.

Tapia's syndrome is characterized by peripheral damage of the hypoglossal and vagal nerves in the recurrent laryngeal branch at the cervical level. It is associated with trauma due to endotracheal intubation, direct damage to nerves X and XII, carotid dissection involving the ascending pharyngeal artery, fungal infections, and tumors. Diagnosis is based on clinical findings, primarily alterations in swallowing, speech, and tongue mobility. Reports of this syndrome are scarce in the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery literature and the treatment remains controversial. The present report describes a 25-year-old male patient who presented Tapia's syndrome with a fracture of the mandibular ramus and the first cervical vertebra due to a firearm projectile.

El neuroma traumático no es una verdadera neoplasia sino una proliferación reactiva del tejido neural después de la transección u otro daño de un haz de nervios. Pueden desarrollarse en cualquier lugar, pero son más comunes en el área del foramen mentoniano, la lengua y el labio inferior. La formación de neuromas traumáticos es una causa importante de dolor neuropático, que sigue siendo un problema difícil al que se enfrentan los cirujanos. El mecanismo exacto del dolor asociado al neuroma aún no se comprende completamente y la prevención de su formación es primordial para evitarlo. Hasta la fecha el tratamiento más efectivo ha sido la extirpación quirúrgica. Se reporta el caso de un paciente de sexo femenino de 23 años de edad que presenta un aumento de volumen en el fondo de surco vestibular a nivel de los dientes 44 y 45, así como dolor espontáneo de tipo ardoroso con una evolución de aproximadamente cinco meses. Se decide realizar la resección quirúrgica de la lesión y el resultado histopatológico fue de un neuroma traumático. A los 7 días de seguimiento, se observa un ligero edema en la región bucal y mentoniana; así como anestesia a nivel de la piel del mentón y labio inferior. A 10 meses de seguimiento persistió la anestesia y no se observaron datos de recidiva.