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The present research work was undertaken with this aim to inspect the two medicinally important plants henna (Lawsonia inermis) of the family lythraceae and amla (Emblica officinalis) of family phyllanthaceae for their phytochemical analysis using ethanol and methanol reagents. The determinations under ethanol and methanol dilution of L. inermis for qualitative screening of tannins were positive, phlobatannins were positive, saponins were positive and in flavonids test results were also found positive. While the determinations under ethanol and methanol dilution of E. officinalis for qualitative screening of tannins test gave positive results, its phlobatannins gave positive results but less; saponins also gave positive results and flavonoids gave negative results. And then the determinations under ethanol and methanol dilution of L. inermis for quantitative screening of total carbohydrates were 6.547 and 6.276 µg/ml, reducing sugars 0.035 and 0.259 µg/ml, total proteins 0.245 and 0.420 µg/ml, phenolic compounds were 27.1191 and 35.2316 µg/ml, total flavonoids contents 0.154 and 0.261 µg/ml, tannins contents 0.664 and 1.292 µg/ml, and antioxidant activity were 2.411 and 3.218 µg/ml respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonunion of the humerus in a severely osteoporotic bone is a likely event especially if the fracture is transverse. The management of such a combination is a challenge. Most of the conventional fixation methods are unlikely to succeed as the bone failure precedes implant failure in osteoporosis. The challenge is further compounded in severe osteoporosis when the cortical thickness is affected more severely. We used a combination of an intramedullary fibula with a locking plate in 5 cases. The results show that it may be a good combination in such situations as the bone strength is augmented and the plate pullout is less likely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Negative-pressure wound therapy is a technique to achieve wound healing in patients with non-healing wounds of the lower limb; vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy is a technique to accelerate the healing of non-healing ulcers that fail to heal on their own (primary healing) (Plast Reconstr Surg 117:193-209S, 2006). Delayed wound healing or non-healing of ulcers is a significant health problem, particularly in older adults. The efficacy of VAC dressings has been demonstrated in several randomized controlled studies, which have shown significantly faster wound healing rates compared to conventional wound therapy (Lancet 366:1704-10, 2005; J Wound Care 17:426-32, 2008). However, commercially available VAC is costly. The aim of using custom made VAC was decided by our team due to lower socio-economic status of patients taken for study who could not have afforded charges of commercially available VAC unit. Objective: Objective was to evaluate VAC therapy compared with conventional dressings in the treatment of non-healing lower limb ulcers in lower socio-economic patients. Methods: Sixty patients of lower socio-economic status aged between 40 and 70 were prospectively studied for non-healing ulcers Wagner grade 2 or 3 and randomized into 2 groups. VAC dressing was kept for over a period of 2-7 weeks. Ulcers were treated until the wound closed spontaneously, surgically or until completion of the 50-day period, whichever was earlier. Results: By seventh week, discharge disappeared in 96 % in VAC and only 54 % in conventional dressing group. Granulation tissue appeared in 100 % of patients in VAC group and only 63 % in conventional dressing group. The patients treated with VAC dressing in our study showed comparable wound reduction capabilities with an average wound size reduction of 56 % in comparison to conventional dressing group which had average wound size reduction of 29 %. Majority of wounds in VAC group got closed in 7 weeks. Patient satisfaction was excellent in the majority of patients in VAC group compared to those in conventional dressing group. Conclusion: The application of VAC™ had shown good results in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Hepatitis B is an inflammatory liver illness caused by the hepatitis B virus. The exact magnitude and extent of the hepatitis B virus in Pakistan is still unknown, but at least 10 million people are estimated to be infected with chronic hepatitis B virus. Objectives The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in the war-affected area since 2009. Study design Observational study. Results A total of 4922 healthy subjects were tested for the detection of HBsAg during 2009–2013, and 14.95% subjects were found to be reactive for HBsAg. The highest seroprevalence (26.0%) of HBsAg was found in those individuals who were less than 35 years of age. Male subjects were more affected (16.6%) than females. The seroprevalence of HBsAg was significantly associated with <35 years of age and male gender ( P < 0.005 for both). Moreover, an increasing trend over 5 years was observed, as 8.6% subjects were positive for HBsAg in 2009 and subsequently 10.4% in 2010, 14.6% in 2011, 18.9% in 2012, and 21.7% were reactive for HBsAg in 2013. Conclusion This study concluded that HBsAg was more prevalent in the war-affected region. The prevalence rate was increasing with time as the highest rate was found in 2013. Present observations will help to provide the background for awareness and bring the increasing levels of hepatitis B to the attention of health professionals and government authorities in order to increase the capacity of the health systems in such troubled areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]