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Children are exposed to large amounts of information and high levels of stress and anxiety from adults around them, the media, and social communication networks during the Covid-19 period. The purpose of this study was to compare the anxiety and depression levels of the children of health workers following the declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) of Covid-19 as a global pandemic with those of age-matched children of non-health worker parents. This prospective, case-controlled, cross-sectional study was performed between July and September 2020. One hundred forty-six participants were enrolled, 71 children of health worker parents in the study group, and 75 age- and sex-matched children of non-health worker parents in the control group. While no significant difference was determined between the children of health workers and non-health workers in terms of CDI scores, total STAI-C scores were higher among children of health workers (70.36 ± 12.43) than in children of non-health worker parents (65.62 ± 11.83) (p =.02). This study shows that since their parents work in intensive and high-risk environments during the Covid-19 pandemic, the children of health workers may be at greater psychological risk than other children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Harran University Medical Faculty / Harran Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Harran University Medical Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

OBJECTIVE: COVID-19 since the reporting of the first case of infection and its declaration as a pandemic, it caused morbidity and mortality in hundreds of thousands of people. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of confirmed cases among children was relatively low, and therefore, data were limited. However, the number of pediatric cases has also risen markedly among children in the later stages of the pandemic. METHODS: Forty patients from 1 month to 18 years of age who presented to the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases of a tertiary research and training hospital between March 10, 2020, and May 31, 2020, with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection and whose combined oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested positive on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) were included in the study. RESULTS: Forty pediatric patients with a mean age of 109.1±66.1 months were included in the study. Among patients, 62.5% (25/40) were girls and 37.5% (15/40) were boys. The most presentation symptom was cough in 19 (47.5%) patients. Hydroxychloroquine (HQ) therapy was given as part of combination treatment to 15 symptomatic patients older than 72 months of age (72-143 months of age: 4 patient, 144-216 months of age: 11 patients). The mean time to a rRT-PCR negative test was 7.2±1.69 (4-10) days for the group receiving an HQ treatment protocol and 8.2±1.44 (6-11) days for the group receiving a non-HQ treatment protocol with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.054). CONCLUSION: In this study, it was shown that the use of HQ had no effect on the length of hospital stay and that there was no significant difference between patients in terms of epidemiological data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Disease / Türkiye Çocuk Hastalıkları Dergisi is the property of Turkish Journal of Pediatric Disease and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Shampoos are daily care products designed to clean the hair and scalp. The aim of this study was to compare the contents of baby and newborn shampoos sold in supermarkets and pharmacies, determine the levels of substances reported to be dangerous to babies and newborns' health in these shampoos. This cross-sectional study included 18 newborn and baby shampoos that families could buy at supermarkets and pharmacies in Turkey. For newborn and baby shampoos, the number of preservative substances have been determined. A total of 68 chemicals was found in these 18 shampoos, with an average of 14.83 ± 2.43 chemicals in each shampoo. Most of these chemicals were not recommended for use in children. Shampoos that contain numerous chemicals and substances confirmed to be harmful or have suspicious effects should not be recommended. It is clear that more studies are needed in this under-researched area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Çocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi is the property of Journal of Pediatric Infection / Cocuk Enfeksiyon Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Chickenpox is a viral infectious disease capable of causing severe morbidity, and even mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the current position and demographic characteristics of cases of chickenpox following the addition of chickenpox vaccination to the routine vaccine schedule in Turkey. Mateial and Methods: Patients aged 0-17 years presented to Adiyaman University Training and Research Hospital Pediatrics clinics and diagnosed with chickenpox between January 2013 and December 2016 were included in the study. Data were analyzed on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS, version 22.0, Chicago, IL, USA) software. p<0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. Results: 314 patients diagnosed with chickenpox were included in the study. Mean age of the subjects included was 84.76 ± 41.67 months, and 54.1% were males and 46.9% females. A significant difference was observed between the groups in terms of age (p=0.001). Cases' ages decreased on a year-by-year basis. Fifty (15.9%) cases of chickenpox were identified as having been infected despite vaccine. A significant difference was determined between the mean ages of vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients with chickenpox. Conclusion: Although the addition of a single dose chickenpox vaccine to the national immunization schedule in Turkey reduces both severe complication and the incidence of the disease. In the light of our study we think that the addition of a second dose of chickenpox vaccination to our routine vaccine schedule will further reduce hospitalization numbers resulting from chickenpoxrelated complications. More comprehensive studies on the subject are now needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: he purpose of this study was to evaluate the demographic data and clinical features of patients diagnosed with deep neck infection over a one-year period and hospitalized for treatment in a tertiary training and research hospital. Material and methods: Files for cases treated and followed-up for deep neck infection in our pediatric department during 2017 were evaluated retrospectively. Age, sex, month of presentation, presentation symptoms, physical examination findings, laboratory results, radiological imaging, consultations requested from other departments, treatments administered, number of days of hospitalization, and complications developing were assessed from these case files. Results: Twenty-eight (63.6%) of the 44 patients hospitalized for treatment for deep neck infection in the pediatric department were boys, and 16 (36.4%) were girls. Patients' mean age was 57.45 ± 44.35 (5-191) months. Mean duration of hospitalization and treatment was 8.2 ± 2.8 (4-14) days. The most common presentation symptom was swelling in the neck (65.9%), and the most common physical examination finding was cervical lymphadenopathy (81.8%). Tooth decay was present in 27.3% of patients. Consultations were most commonly requested with the ear, nose and throat department, while consultations were requested with the external diseases department for five patients (11.3%). Conclusion: The prevalence of deep neck infection has increased in recent years. Further studies are needed on the subject of deep neck infection, which may involve life-threatening complications. Physicians should pay closeattention to the relation between tooth decay and deep neck infection in all patients followed-up with a diagnosis of such infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Considerable advances have been made in hospital appointment systems in the past 60 years. In Turkey, the Central Physician Appointment System (CPAS) is used together with appointments made through direct presentations to the hospital. This study evaluated CPAS data. Materials and Methods: CPAS data for the previous 2 years (2015, Group 1; 2016, Group 2) were evaluated retrospectively. Department-based analysis was also performed. Total number of clinics, CPAS capacity, number of appointments through CPAS, and numbers of patients keeping appointments and 'no shows' and ratios calculated from these were investigated. Results: Overall, 1,704,594 patients were examined in 20 departments during the 2-year period (January 1, 2015-December 31, 2016). Mean CPAS capacity per department was 12,831 ± 7,691 in Group 1 and 11,573 ± 6,849 in Group 2 (p = 0.588). Ratios of appointments made through CPAS to CPAS capacity were 0.7 in Group 1 and 0.84 in Group 2 (p = 0.009). The ratio of patients keeping appointments made through CPAS to the number of appointments made through CPAS was 0.772 in Group 1 and 0.775 in Group 2 (p = 0.831). The departments with the highest number of appointments made through CPAS to CPAS capacity were Neurosurgery in Group 1 (0.99) and Ophthalmology in Group 2 (0.99). The department with the lowest ratio was Infectious Disease and Clinical Microbiology in Group 1 (0.28) and Group 2 (0.45). Conclusions: The use of CPAS has increased. However, some CPAS vacancies remain unfilled, and some appointments are not kept. CPAS capacities must be adjusted in line with take-up rates through regular department-based analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A new age in communications began with the entry into use of cell phones and their applications. Cell phones and their various applications must be actively used in patient monitoring in the healthcare system. Introduction: The purpose of this study was to determine the length of stay in the pediatric emergency department observation unit (PEDOU) based upon the notification of abnormal laboratory results (ALRs) via the short message service (SMS). Materials and Methods: Patients with ALRs notified through the SMS (April-May-June 2015: study period) were evaluated retrospectively, and those admitted to hospital after such notification were enrolled as the study group (SG). Patients presenting to the pediatric emergency department (April-May-June 2014: control period), whose ALRs were not notified through the SMS, and who were hospitalized for treatment, were enrolled as the control group (CG). Age, sex, length of stay in the PEDOU (min), admission diagnosis, and receiving department were recorded for both groups. Results: Number of patients monitored in the PEDOU was 8584 during the study period and 8507 during the control period (p = 0.27). Length of stay of patients monitored in the PEDOU during the control period (n = 8507) and study period (n = 8584) was 136.4 and 133.5 min, respectively (p = 0.92). One hundred forty-seven patients were enrolled as the SG and 154 as the CG. Length of stay in the PEDOU was 221.1 ± 86.9 (65-542) min in the CG and 154.8 ± 76.6 (15-442) min in the SG (p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval: 47.5-84.8). Conclusions: Notification of ALRs through the SMS does not affect length of stay in the PEDOU. Use of this method reduces length of stay of patients who require more rapid hospitalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patients with β-thalassemia major (β-TM), a disease that emerges due to disorder of hemoglobin (Hb) synthesis, require life-long erythrocyte transfusion. The purpose of this study was to evaluate skin color and iron levels of patients with β-TM using a visual skin color chart. Each patient’s skin color was matched on a skin color chart under a fluorescent lamp by the same physician on each occasion. Iron, iron binding capacity, ferritin and complete blood count (CBC) were studied for each patient enrolled. Colors marked on the visual skin color chart were compared with the laboratory results. Thirty-five patients being monitored at our hospital were included, 19 (54.3%) males and 16 (45.7%) females. The colors marked on the chart darkened as patients aged (p = 0.002,r = 0.49), the frequency of annual transfusions (p = 0.022,r = 0.385), ferritin levels (p < 0.001,r = 0.72) and iron levels increased (p = 0.001,r = 0.538) and as total iron binding capacity (TIBC) decreased (p < 0.001,r = –0.709). On the basis of this study, iron deposition in patients with β-TM was correlated with the colors on the chart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: We aimed to examine whether there is any association between serum levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D3] and urinary tract infection (UTI) among children. Methods: White blood cell count, serum C-reactive protein, calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathormone, and serum 25(OH)D3 levels were measured in 82 children experiencing a first episode of UTI, with no risk factors for UTI, and 64 healthy control children. Results: The mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 among children with UTI were significantly lower than those of controls (11.7 ± 3.3 vs. 27.6 ± 4.7 ng/ml; p < 0.001). The serum levels of 25(OH)D3 were significantly lower in patients with acute pyelonephritis compared to patients with lower UTI (8.6 ± 2.8 vs. 14.2 ± 3.0 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Within the study group, mean serum levels of 25(OH)D3 among girls were lower than those of boys (10.9 ± 3.4 ng/ml vs. 13.2 ± 4.4 ng/ml; p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that a serum 25(OH)D3 level of <20 ng/ml (odds ratio 3.503, 95% confidence interval 1.621-7.571; p = 0.001) was associated with UTI in children. Conclusions: Our results suggest that vitamin D deficiency may be a risk factor for UTI in children. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Having a healthy child is the most basic concern for parents, and their children being ill or showing signs of illness therefore causes them anxiety. Parents cannot generally be objective in assessing the growth of their own children. Children's growth must be evaluated solely with appropriate measurements and assessment criteria. The purpose of this study is to investigate the growth of patients with suspected retarded growth presenting to the children's health and diseases clinic. Material and Methods: One hundred patients presenting with retarded growth to the Adıyaman University Training and Research Hospital children's health and diseases clinic were included in this study. Patients were evaluated for retarded growth through measurement of weight, height and head circumference. Results: One hundred patients, 49 boys (49%) and 51 girls (51%) presenting with retarded growth were enrolled in the study. Patients' mean age was 47.62 ± 43.1 (3-192) months. The mean weight was 14.51 ± 7.9 (4.5-46.9) kg and mean height was 95.61 ± 23.14 (57- 164) cm. Mean head circumference was 43.97 ± 2.6 (37-49) cm. In our observed population, the following measurements fell below the third percentile: Weight: 4 patients (4%); Weight and Height: 12 patients (12%); and Weight, Height and Head Circumference: 4 Patients (4%). Conclusion: An increasing number of concerned parents does not necessarily indicate any actual problem, or any abnormally high incidence of actual retarded growth and development than that might be expected from the literature. Well child visits must be performed and parents provided sufficient information on normal development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Rotavirus is the most common cause of severe gastroenteritis in children. Rotavirus diarrhea can lead to complications of rotavirus-induced severe diarrhea death resulting in electrolyte imbalance and dehydration. Rotavirus vaccination is the most effective method of preventing severe rotavirus infection. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the knowledge levels and attitudes of primary health care providers physicians related to rotavirus vaccine, which is one of the vaccines not yet added to the vaccination schedule in Turkey. Materials and Methods: Physicians working in primary health care institutions in the province of Adıyaman in 2016 agreed to participate and were included in the study. The participants’ demographic characteristics and data obtained from the questionnaire were analyzed using statistical methods on SPSS 22 software. Results: 38 participants, 24 (63.2%) male and 14 (36.8%) female were included in the study. The number of primary health care physicians who thought that rotavirus vaccine was effective 24 (63.2%), while 10 (26.3%) stated that it was not effective and 4 (10.5) had no opinion. Fifteen (39.5%) primary physicians thought that the rotavirus vaccine should be added to the routine vaccination schedule, 10 (26.3%) thought that it need not be added and 13 (34.2%) had no opinion. Conclusion: Rotavirus vaccine is not a well-known that vaccine recommended among primary care physicians. This derives from lack of knowledge of the protective nature of the vaccine and inadequate awareness of it. We think that increasing physicians’ knowledge of vaccines through in-service training will reduce negative attitudes againts it concerning them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emergency department visits due to dermatologic disease is quite rare. Euphorbia helioscopia is a widely distributed plant in rural areas. E. helioscopia related contact dermatitis (Irritant contact dermatitis or allergic contact dermatitis) are known however only a few case reported in literature. We are reporting on three patients with contact dermatitis from E. helioscopia. Irritant contact dermatitis was occurred only one of these cases. This case refused to wash face with water.We recommend washing the face with water after contact with E. helioscopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: COVID-19 since the reporting of the first case of infection and its declaration as a pandemic, it caused morbidity and mortality in hundreds of thousands of people. In the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of confirmed cases among children was relatively low, and therefore, data were limited. However, the number of pediatric cases has also risen markedly among children in the later stages of the pandemic., Methods: Forty patients from 1 month to 18 years of age who presented to the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases of a tertiary research and training hospital between March 10, 2020, and May 31, 2020, with symptoms suggestive of COVID-19 infection and whose combined oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal swab specimens tested positive on real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) were included in the study., Results: Forty pediatric patients with a mean age of 109.1±66.1 months were included in the study. Among patients, 62.5% (25/40) were girls and 37.5% (15/40) were boys. The most presentation symptom was cough in 19 (47.5%) patients. Hydroxychloroquine (HQ) therapy was given as part of combination treatment to 15 symptomatic patients older than 72 months of age (72-143 months of age: 4 patient, 144-216 months of age: 11 patients). The mean time to a rRT-PCR negative test was 7.2±1.69 (4-10) days for the group receiving an HQ treatment protocol and 8.2±1.44 (6-11) days for the group receiving a non-HQ treatment protocol with no significant difference between the groups (p=0.054)., Conclusion: In this study, it was shown that the use of HQ had no effect on the length of hospital stay and that there was no significant difference between patients in terms of epidemiological data., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No conflict of interest was declared by the authors., (Copyright © by by Istanbul Provincial Directorate of Health - Available online at www.northclinist.com.)

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate surplus drugs left over from medications used via the intravenous and intramuscular routes in a pediatric emergency unit of a tertiary hospital in Turkey and to determine the financial burden imposed by drug wastage., Materials and Methods: The study was planned prospectively on patients presenting to the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary university hospital between January 1 and April 30, 2017, on weekdays and between 08:00 and 16:00, for any reason, and receiving intravenous and/or intramuscular drug administration resulting in drug wastage after treatment., Results: The number of patients enrolled in the clinical trial was 1620 (35.9%). Twenty-one different medications were administered via the intravenous or intramuscular (IM) routes during the study. The proportion of total medication wastage at the end of trial was estimated to be 0.425. The drug with the highest proportion of mean wastage to drug form was paracetamol (1000mg vial) at 0.79. The total cost of the drugs used for the patients in the study was US$580.98, and the overall burden of drug wastage was US$288.09. The three medications involving the highest wastage costs were methylprednisolone, ondansetron, and dexamethasone. The total wastage cost/total drug cost ratio was 0.495., Conclusion: If commercial drugs with intravenous and IM formulations are used by the pediatric age group, then dosage formulations appropriate for pediatric age group use also need to be produced. The development by manufacturers of ampoules and similar products suitable for multiple use will also reduce drug wastage. Reducing levels of drug wastage will inevitably reduce the drug expenditure., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Avicenna Journal of Medicine.)

Background: The aim of this study was to examine the characteristics of patients presenting to a pediatric emergency department in a rural province of Turkey due to horse and donkey bites and to analyze whether these features differ from those of more common animal bites in rural areas., Materials and Methods: The records of patients presenting to the pediatric emergency department of a tertiary hospital due to horse and donkey bites over a 3-year period were examined retrospectively. Demographic data, month of presentation, animal species involved (horse or donkey), the body area bitten, treatment applied to the wound site, whether tetanus and rabies vaccinations were administered, and whether or not antibiotics were prescribed on discharge from the emergency department were recorded from these files., Results: The annual incidence of horse and donkey bites was determined as 7.8/100,000. Thirty-six patients, 24 (66.7%) boys and 12 (33.3%) girls, with a mean age of 95.6 ± 33.9 (48-190) months, were included in the study. Twenty-six patients (72.2%) were bitten by donkeys, and 10 (27.8%) by horses. Bites were most common in September (30.6%). The most commonly bitten areas were the back and/or upper extremities. Rabies vaccination was administered in all cases. Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was prescribed in 28 (77.8%) cases., Conclusion: Horse and donkey bites are frequently observed in rural areas. The inhabitants of such areas should therefore be educated concerning horse and donkey bites. Health workers encountering such bites should behave in the same way as in more common animal bites in terms of patient management. Our results will be instructive for other developing countries similar to Turkey., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Avicenna Journal of Medicine.)

Objective: Migration is a problem affecting all family members, but particularly children. Child refugees are the highest risk group for the health systems of receiving countries. We investigated the health of 104 Syrian child refugees presenting to a tertiary hospital in Turkey., Settings and Design: A retrospective study was conducted in the pediatric clinic., Materials and Methods: The medical files of Syrian refugee children (0-18 years) presenting to Adiyaman University Hospital, Pediatric Clinic between 01 and 30 November 2015, were investigated. Demographic data, body measurements, and laboratory results obtained from patients' medical records were evaluated., Results: Mean age of patients was 53.5 ± 49.6 (2-198) months; 63 were male and 41 were female. Seventy-two patients (69.2%) were under 5 years of age. Weight in 20 patients (19.2%), height in 33 (31.7%), head circumference in 2 (1.9%), and body mass index in 7 (6.7%) were below the third percentile. All patients with body weight below the third percentile had chronic malnutrition. Anemia was present in 35 (50%) of the 70 patients for whom complete blood count data were available., Conclusion: Health workers involved with Syrian refugee children must consider the two preventable conditions; malnutrition and anemia., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest.