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The relevance. Lack of experimental data that allow developing a scientifically based method for calculating and designing film-type reactors, which are also used to produce alkylbenzenesulfonic acids. These acids, in their turn, are currently the main components of synthetic detergents. The issue of increasing reactor equipment efficiency can be most effectively solved using mathematical models built on a physical and chemical basis. The aim. Development of a mathematical model of alkylbenzenes sulfonation, taking into account a substance mass transfer from a gas phase to a liquid phase. Software implementation of the developed model, as well as the use of the developed mathematical model for studying the influence of the process parameters on its efficiency. Object. Alkylbenzenes sulfonation with sulfuric anhydride in a multitube film reactor. Methods. Mathematical modeling is used to perform all computational operations, a modern high-level general-purpose programming language with automatic memory management is used. The quantum-chemical methods for determining thermodynamic parameters of chemical reactions were used. Results. The paper considers the principles of constructing a mathematical model of sulfonation. The authors have developed the calculation program in the Python programming language and assessed the accuracy of description of a real process and the influence of the system technological parameters on a product yield and quality, taking into account a substance interfacial transfer. The system of practical recommendations for improving the alkylbenzenes sulfonation resource efficiency was developed. The mathematical model adequately describes the process. The calculated data are compared with the real data from the operating unit for alkylbenzenes sulfonation with sulfuric anhydride.

Introduction. This work aims to highlight features of the relationship between Church and State in Byzantium in the period from 1341 to 1357, i.e. during the civil wars, through the systematization and typology of source material. Various types of sources are involved in the study. Its relevance is determined by the insufficient coverage of this aspect in domestic and foreign historiography. Methods and materials. The work uses a systematic approach, as well as a deep analysis of written sources. Analysis. Based on the analysis of written sources, we find out the degree of involvement of the patriarchs of Constantinople in the civil wars in the middle of the 14th century, which is defined as 1) the direct participation of the patriarchs in the civil wars; 2) the use of patriarchs for their own purposes by participants of these conflicts; and 3) the covert participation of patriarchs in the conflicts. Results. It turns out that the role that the church played in the political events of this period was quite high.

The proposed essay is a publication of bibliographic information about scientific works (dissertations, monographs, collections of scientific articles, periodicals) concerning the Byzantine history and published in Volgograd or with the direct participation of Volgograd researchers. The origin and development of studying the Byzantine history in Volgograd is associated with two higher educational institutions – Volgograd State University and Tsaritsyn Orthodox University of St. Sergius of Radonezh, within the walls of which large and internationally recognized periodicals appeared.