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The article deals with the dynamics of the additional professional education of civil servants,including their retraining, professional development and traineeship. As a method of study there has been used a comparative analysis of the raw data of the State order on retraining, skills upgrading and traineeship of federal public servants over the past five years. The article offers some recommendations on organizational and financial support of additional professional education of civil servants.

Strengthening of the defense capability and the national security of the country in the faceof the contemporary challenges requires the improvement of professional training, retraining, advanced training, additional training of personnel and specialists for the defense industries. The article defines the main areas of such improvement based on the analysis of the available human resources of the military-industrial complex organizations. We used the method of content analysis of normative legal acts regulating the functioning of the defense industry in general and the organizations of the military-industrial complex inparticular. The article formulates the conclusions and practical recommendations to public authorities on the implementation of innovations related to professional training of workers and specialists of the military-industrial complex.

A model of the intramolecular charge separation from the second singlet excited-state of directly linked Zn−porphyrin−imide dyads and following charge recombination into the first singlet excited-state has been constructed and investigated. The model incorporates three electronic states (the first and the second singlet excited and charge separated states) as well as their vibrational sublevels. Dynamics of the transitions between these states are described in the framework of the stochastic point-transition approach. The relaxation of the intramolecular high frequency vibrational mode is supposed to occur as a single-quantum transition between nearest states with a time constant depending on the number of the vibrational state. The medium relaxation is characterized by two timescales. A good fitting to experimentally observed population dynamics of both the first and the second singlet excited states has been obtained. The calculations show the charge recombination into the first excited-state to proceed in a hot stage in parallel with the relaxation of both the medium and the intramolecular high-frequency vibrational mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of the Coulomb attraction on photogenerated singlet radical ion pairsʼ separation and their geminate recombination to singlet and triplet neutral products is considered. Making use of the contact approximation and the rate or Hamiltonian description of the spin conversion, the quantum yields of recombination products and their diffusional dependence are investigated and fitted to the available experimental data. The nonmonotonous behavior of the triplet quantum yield of neutral products on both the Onsager radius and the triplet charge recombination rate constant are revealed and discussed in detail. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hamiltonian description of the spin-conversion induced by a hyperfine interaction (HFI) in photogenerated radical−ion pairs is substituted for the rate (incoherent) description of the same conversion provided by the widely used earlier elementary spin model. The quantum yields of the free ions as well as the singlet and triplet products of geminate recombination are calculated using distant dependent ionization and recombination rates, instead of their contact analogs. Invoking the simplest models of these rates, we demonstrate with the example of a spin-less system that the diffusional acceleration of radical−ion pair recombination at lower viscosity gives way to its diffusional deceleration (Angulo effect), accomplished with a kinetic plateau inherent with the primitive exponential model. Qualitatively the same behavior is found in real systems, assuming both ionization and recombination is carried out by the Marcus electron-transfer rates. Neglecting the Coulomb interaction between solvated ions, the efficiencies of radical−ion pair recombination to the singlet and triplet products are well fitted to the available experimental data. The magnetic field dependence of these yields is specified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of the precise kinetic fitting of the highly exergonic electron transfer from excited perylene to tetracyanoethylene in acetonitrile were used to estimate the Stern–Volmer constant of perylene quenching by double channel electron transfer (to the ground and excited states of the radical ion pair). It appears that the Stern–Volmer constant is exactly the same as the diffusional height of the Rehm–Weller plateau, substituting the exergonic wing of the Marcus free energy gap law. Even the single channel transfer is shown to be fast enough that the quenching should be under true diffusional control at the highest available exergonicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intraoperative margin assessment of surgical tissues during cancer surgery is clinically important, especially in the case of tissue conserving surgery like Mohs micrographic surgery in which minimization of the surgical area is considered crucial. Frozen pathology is the gold standard of assessing excised tissues for signs of remaining cancerous lesions. The current protocol, however, is time-consuming and labor-intensive. Instead of the complex frozen sectioning, staining, and traditional white light microscopy imaging protocol, optically sectioned histopathological imaging of hematoxylin-eosin stained whole-mount skin tissues with a subfemtoliter resolution is demonstrated by using nonlinear microscopy in this study. With our proposed method, the reagents of staining and the contrast of imaging are fully consistent with the current clinical standard of frozen pathology, thus facilitating rapid intraoperative assessment of surgical tissues for future applications. Image: Slide-free nonlinear microscopy imaging of H&E stained whole-mount skin tissue showing the morphology of sweat glands., (© 2019 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Photonic-crystal fibers (PCFs) provide a high efficiency of frequency upconversion of femtosecond Cr: forsterite laser pulses through the emission of dispersive waves by solitons and third-harmonic generation. Dispersion management allows the central wavelength of the frequency-upconverted signal in PCF output to be tuned within the range of wavelengths from 400 to 900 nm. PCF frequency shifters are employed as excitation sources for time-resolved fluorescence streak-camera measurements on fluorescein solution.