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Teacher education is a complex field, as it mobilises different knowledge domains, intervention contexts and multiple actors. The intervention in this field and the identification of the most adequate pathways to adopt, is perceived as difficult. With the purpose of providing support to tackle with such challenge, a teacher education framework for didactics of intercomprehension (REFDIC) was designed. In this chapter, we search to identify its research potential, based on the analysis of texts on the topic of intercomprehension in education processes written by school teachers in the context of pre- and in-service courses, which took place in Higher Education institutions in Portugal.

This framework aims to contribute to the development of teacher educators in order to be able to integrate Intercomprehension in their educational activities in presence and online. This document is therefore an instrument for designing and putting into practice intercomprehension courses in contexts of teacher education and evaluation (including self-assessment) of professional competencies (knowledge, attitudes and skills) for the introduction of intercomprehension in situations of language contact and intercultural communication.

Na sequência da adaptação dos cursos de formação de professores, em Portugal, ao Processo de Bolonha, foi recentemente criada a Licenciatura em Educação Básica. A novidade que este curso constitui face ao esquema de formação tradicional requer: (i) a clarificação do que se entende por chr(38)quot;educação básicachr(38)quot; e do perfil profissional que lhe é adequado; (ii) a implementação de estratégias de formação que potenciem o desenvolvimento de uma competência educativa que se crê fundamental neste perfil. Na Universidade de Aveiro, a metodologia de projecto foi assumida como uma estratégia de formação adequada a este objectivo, ainda que tenha que ser adaptada aos constrangimentos legais a que a concepção do currículo deste curso esteve sujeita

A crescente importância e o relevo que o plurilinguismo vem adquirindo, alargou o âmbito do trabalho dos docentes de línguas. Assim, a educação plurilingue e intelectual constitui um importante desafio para o crescimento profissional de um educador em línguas, sendo os programas de formação, enquanto mecanismos de desenvolvimento profissional, uma condição necessária para responder a esse desafio. Este texto apresenta um programa de formação para o desenvolvimento do plurilinguismo e analisa as disponibilidades e auto-implicação que esta proposta de formação encontrou no seio do grupo de professores de línguas de uma escola secundária em Portugal

The expansion of early language learning has fostered the need to prepare qualified teachers of English to young learners. This paper presents findings from a multi-site case study of initial teacher education programmes created in 2015 in Portugal when English became compulsory in grades 3 and 4. The study investigated intended professional learning competences and tasks as described in curricula, as well as teaching and inquiry practices developed in practicum settings. A multi-method approach was used, involving the analysis of ten higher education institutions' curricula, a sample of practicum reports, the responses of former student teachers to an online survey, and reflective records from student teachers, faculty supervisors, and cooperating teachers. Findings portray a reflective, inquiry-oriented view of professional development and the enactment of current teaching approaches. The study stresses the role of curricula and practicum arrangements in creating meaningful professional learning scenarios and promoting learner-centred teaching in schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports a study which examined the effects of an "Awakening to Languages" (AtL) programme on preschool children's language abilities. This programme aimed at exposing children to language and cultural diversity as well as promoting positive attitudes towards different languages and cultures amongst children. However, considering that the AtL approach also intends to encourage language learning, it has been said to contribute to the development of a plurilingual competence that is characterised as being richer than a communicative competence, more complex and, at the same time, more flexible. The study was carried out with 16 Portuguese preschool children, divided into two groups (control and experimental). An AtL intervention programme was then applied in the experimental group with which the researcher worked on a variety of multilingual activities and games for three months. A language test and a language report were used before and after the implementation of the programme to determine how the children progressed in their communicative skills, with a focus on syntax. The results indicate that the approach used had a positive impact on the children's syntactic abilities, namely in oral comprehension, and also facilitated the development of positive attitudes towards language and cultural diversity.

This paper shares the voices of six teachers regarding two language awareness projects carried out in one pre-primary and one primary school in Portugal. These projects present innovative practices in teaching young and very young learners to reflect upon language and linguistic diversity and to become aware of world issues (e.g. poverty, discrimination and climate changes). Based upon interviews conducted with the teachers after the staging of the two projects, we analyse teachers' discourses regarding the learning outcomes of the activities, their beliefs and knowledge about language awareness and the possibilities for including this approach in the curriculum. Results suggest that teachers acknowledge the relevance of language awareness in the education of more engaged and respectful citizens; however, they feel insecure and unprepared to include it in their teaching practice and in their professional knowledge. Implications of these findings for pre-service and in-service teacher education are discussed.

Following a narrative and biographic approach, in this study, we present the case of an in-service language teacher and her professional learning trajectory in the context of the project "Languages and education: constructing and sharing training". This project aimed at the construction of a collaborative teacher education context for learning and transformation of experiences, views and practices in language education, and involved teachers, teacher educators and researchers. Based on a single case study, the analysis tries to disclose the teacher's discursive displacements as hints of professional transformation while she reinterprets the learning taking place in the collaborative education process. The signs of change are visible in the way she constructs meanings regarding her professional identity, re-identifies her mission as a language teacher and reconsiders her professional identity. Finally, we reflect upon how collaborative teacher education scenarios may foster teachers' personal professional learning and renewed self-images.

This article aims at evaluating and understanding the effects of an awakening to languages (AtL) programme, carried out with a group of 21 Portuguese children aged three to six, in the development of phonological awareness (PA). Using mixed-methods research, data was gathered from video recordings of seven AtL sessions and PA tests for an experimental and a control group. Post-test results reveal that the experimental group increased their PA significantly, whereas the phonological abilities of the control group remained unaltered. Content analysis of the sessions supported these results, indicating that the experimental group was keen to observe, manipulate, and reflect upon languages and sounds. Findings suggest that exploring and working with linguistic diversity early on may develop metalinguistic skills conducive to literacy and language learning.

The study reported in this article is part of a research project which intended to attain a more comprehensive understanding of the growth and transformations of the professional identity and knowledge of a group of four future language teachers, as they expanded their awareness about plurilingualism and intercomprehension. Based on a central question: Are the student teachers able to develop a different self-image as language teachers based on a plurilingual conception of language teaching? Phase 1 of the research project focused on the language student teachers' professional discourse. The developing representations about plurilingualism, intercomprehension and themselves as language teachers were analysed. The conclusions helped to conceptualise Phase 2 of the project and reflect upon the Language Didactics curriculum. (Contains 5 notes.)

The Linguistic European Policy stresses the importance of linguistic diversity and encourages students to learn several languages, believing that the more languages we know, the better we can understand each other and preserve our languages. To preserve diversity and to value all the languages (either included in the curriculum or not) is a first step to develop a plurilingual and intercultural competence in the classroom as a means of overcoming frontiers between languages and between people. A second step is to work with teachers and to value what they know by helping them to find new and innovative answers to meet these professional challenges. Thus, this paper describes the work within a project for professional development of a group of in-service language teachers. The teacher education programme suggests a "portfolio-oriented language learning and teaching approach" that promotes plurilingualism. We will analyse the teachers' starting point and their willingness to work within an innovative and challenging approach. The analysed data include a questionnaire prior to the starting of the programme and three written reflections at the end of the programme concerning professional development, new concepts, teaching approach and working habits. The conclusions indicate that the teachers were not familiar with either the concept of plurilingualism or the "portfolio-oriented language learning and teaching approach". Nevertheless, they clearly show their willingness to try a new approach in their teaching practice. (Contains 3 tables and 1 note.)

Background: Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disease which affects the movement and leads to the progressive cognitive deficits and behavioral capacities. Care for a Huntington patient is a complex process with a major impact on health, well-being and quality of life of Informal Caregivers (IC). Objectives: To evaluate the impact of HD in the Quality of Life (QoL) Informal Caregiver, and to verify if the socio-demographic, contextual and clinical variables relate to that QoL. Methods: This is a quantitative study, descriptive and correlational with 50 IC members of the "Asociación de Corea de Huntington Española ". We used the Spanish version of the questionnaire: Huntington's Disease Quality of Life Battery for Carers (HDQoL-C) as the data collection instrument. Results: The participants are mostly female, averaging 50.04 years of age, married with a high level of literacy and active. The IC have a moderate QoL in which the caregiver role has great impact. However "the life satisfaction" and "feelings about life with HD" which appear to alleviate this burden. Data showed that the educational level and the number of hours of daily care influenced the QoL. Conclusions: The results reinforce the multidimensionality and variability of QoL of the Huntington's patients IC and highlight the need for health professionals to take a chance on intervention programs in the community, in order to capacitate the IC to provide care and promote their QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypertension and stress are the most prevalent risk factors in cardiovascular diseases, causing impact on quality of life of hypertensive patients. It is the aim of the study to assess the vulnerability to stress of hypertension patients and identify the factors of vulnerability to stress which interfere with quality of life of hypertension patients. Non experimental study, quantitative, transversal, descriptive and correlational. With a sample of 431 hypertension patients. Data collection took place from June to September 2012, through a questionnaire with questions concerning socio-demographic data, clinical, evaluation of the quality of life of hypertensive patients and evaluation of vulnerability to Stress. The main results are 43,15% were male, 56,84% female aged between 30 and 95 years old. There is influence of gender, age, marital status, education, employment status, cohabitation and monthly income, both in vulnerability to stress as in quality of life. Worse quality of life, female literacy, with average higher than male (M = 8,81 in mental status, M = 3,93 in somatic manifestations and M = 0,73 in overall impact). The vulnerability to stress has also an influence on the quality of life. 44,2% of hypertensive patients are vulnerable to stress, with percentage value for females (51,2%). It is essential to know the factors of vulnerability to stress predictors of quality of life of hypertension patients in order to operate and improve their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Linguistic European Policy stresses the importance of linguistic diversity and encourages students to learn several languages, believing that the more languages we know, the better we can understand each other and preserve our languages. To preserve diversity and to value all the languages (either included in the curriculum or not) is a first step to develop a plurilingual and intercultural competence in the classroom as a means of overcoming frontiers between languages and between people. A second step is to work with teachers and to value what they know by helping them to find new and innovative answers to meet these professional challenges. Thus, this paper describes the work within a project for professional development of a group of in-service language teachers. The teacher education programme suggests a portfolio-oriented language learning and teaching approach that promotes plurilingualism. We will analyse the teachers' starting point and their willingness to work within an innovative and challenging approach. The analysed data include a questionnaire prior to the starting of the programme and three written reflections at the end of the programme concerning professional development, new concepts, teaching approach and working habits. The conclusions indicate that the teachers were not familiar with either the concept of plurilingualism or the portfolio-oriented language learning and teaching approach. Nevertheless, they clearly show their willingness to try a new approach in their teaching practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]