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O uso de condicionadores de solo tem sido cada vez mais frequente nas lavouras com culturas de grãos pelos produtores no Alto Vale do Itajaí, SC. Neste aspecto, este estudo objetivou avaliar atributos químicos e físicos do solo e rendimento de grãos da soja (Glycine max) e milho (Zea mays) após a aplicação de doses de condicionador de solo em lavoura de plantio direto consolidado. O experimento foi conduzido em uma propriedade rural no munícipio de Agronômica, SC, em duas áreas experimentais, uma cultivada com milho e outra com soja na safra de verão 2017/2018, ambas em sistema de plantio direto consolidado. O delineamento foi em blocos casualizados com três repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram a aplicação das doses de 0 (testemunha), 10, 20 e 40 litros por hectare do condicionador de solo à base de Lignita, aplicadas sobre a palhada de ervilhaca e aveia antes da semeadura da soja e do milho. Avaliaram-se os teores de K trocável, de matéria orgânica, CTCpH 7,0, pH em água na camada de 0-5cm de profundidade, a macro, micro e porosidade total e a densidade do solo nas camadas 0-5, 5-10, 10-15 e 15-20cm. Também se avaliou o rendimento de grãos do milho e da soja. Conclui-se que a aplicação de condicionador de solo não melhora os atributos químicos e físicos do solo, e não tem efeito sobre o rendimento de grãos de milho e soja nas doses avaliadas.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was designed to analyze and compare the cusp and apex movements of the maxillary canines and first molars during canine retraction in the first step of extraction space closure, and to evaluate if these teeth follow a curvilinear (acceleration and/or deceleration) movement rate. Material and Methods: Twenty-five patients (23.3 ± 5.1 years of age) were enrolled. The retraction of the maxillary canines was accomplished using nickel-titanium closed coil springs (100gf) on 0.020-in stainless steel archwire. Oblique cephalograms were traced and superimposed on the anatomic best fit of the maxilla (before the retraction [T0], and after one month [T1], three [T3], five [T5] and seven [T7] months). Statistics was based in a normally distributed data. Multilevel procedures were used to derive polynomials for each of the measurements. Student’s t-test and one-way repeated measures ANOVA were conducted. The level of significance of 5% was adopted. Results: Canine cusps and apexes did not follow a quadratic curve regarding horizontal movement (neither accelerate nor decelerate). Canine and molar cusps showed more horizontal movement than apexes (4.80 mm vs. 2.78 mm, and 2.64 mm vs. 2.17 mm, respectively). Conclusions: Canine did not accelerate or decelerate overtime horizontally; the cusps and apexes of the canines and molars showed more horizontal movement and larger rate at the beginning of canine retraction, followed by significantly smaller and constant movement rate after the first month.

The black-headed night monkey (Aotus nigriceps) is a predominantly frugivorous nocturnal neotropical primate. As such, records of different dietary items are fundamental. In the present study, we describe the first record of the consumption of Calliandra brevipes inflorescence in the peri-urban, and Cocos nucifera inflorescence, Eugenia uniflora fruits, and arthropods in the urban, region of the city of Porto Velho, in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon

Elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) are biopolymers formed by amino acid sequences derived from tropoelastin. These biomolecules can be soluble below critical temperatures, forming aggregates at higher temperatures, which makes them an interesting source for the design of different nanobiomaterials. These nanobiomaterials can be obtained from heterologous expression in several organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and plants. Thanks to the many advantages of ELPs, they have been used in the biomedical field to develop nanoparticles, nanofibers, and nanocomposites. These nanostructures can be used in multiple applications such as drug delivery systems, treatments of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, tissue repair, and cancer therapy. Thus, this review aims to shed some light on the main advances in elastin-like-based nanomaterials, their possible expression forms, and importance to the medical field.

Na fruticultura o avanço tecnológico com máquinas e sensores conectados à internet (IoT) tem possibilitado incrementos de produtividade. Para os produtores de noz pecã no Sul do Brasil, questiona-se se a irrigação está correlacionada ao aumento de produtividade dos pomares. Para responder a essa pergunta, o trabalho desenvolveu um sistema de monitoramento de umidade do solo e automação da irrigação para pomares de nogueira pecã. Como metodologia empregou-se o desenvolvimento de produtos, bem como a programação de rede de dados quanto à captação, registro e apresentação dos dados. O estudo demonstrou que produtores de nogueira pecã são carentes de informações técnicas a respeito da necessidade de irrigação ou a relação da irrigação com a produtividade de nozes. O sistema de sensoriamento de umidade do solo desenvolvido e testado encontrou melhores resultados ao utilizar o sensor capacitivo para as leituras e melhor estabilidade com a rede de automação.

The analysis of waveforms related to transient events is an important task in power system maintenance. Currently, electric power systems are monitored by several event recorders called phasor measurement units (PMUs) which generate a large amount of data. The number of records is so high that it makes human analysis infeasible. An alternative way of solving this problem is to group events in similar classes so that it is no longer necessary to analyze all the events, but only the most representative of each class. Several automatic clustering algorithms have been proposed in the literature. Most of these algorithms use validation indexes to rank the partitioning quality and, consequently, find the optimal number of clusters. However, this issue remains open, as each index has its own performance highly dependent on the data spatial distribution. The main contribution of this paper is the development of a methodology that optimizes the results of any clustering algorithm, regardless of data spatial distribution. The proposal is to evaluate the internal correlation of each cluster to proceed or not in a new partitioning round. In summary, the traditional validation indexes will continue to be used in the cluster’s partition process, but it is the internal correlation measure of each one that will define the stopping splitting criteria. This approach was tested in a real waveforms database using the K-means algorithm with the Silhouette and also the Davies–Bouldin validation indexes. The results were compared with a specific methodology for that database and were shown to be totally consistent.

Antimicrobial resistance is an increasing global threat, demanding new therapeutic biomolecules against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are promising candidates for a new generation of antibiotics, but their potential application is still in its infancy, mostly due to limitations associated with large-scale production. The use of recombinant DNA technology for the production of AMPs fused with polymer tags presents the advantage of high-yield production and cost-efficient purification processes at high recovery rates. Owing to their unique properties, we explored the use of an elastin-like recombinamer (ELR) as a fusion partner for the production and isolation of two different AMPs (ABP-CM4 and Synoeca-MP), with an interspacing formic acid cleavage site. Recombinant AMP-ELR proteins were overproduced in Escherichia coli and efficiently purified by temperature cycles. The introduction of a formic acid cleavage site allowed the isolation of AMPs, resorting to a two-step methodology involving temperature cycles and a simple size-exclusion purification step. This simple and easy-to-implement purification method was demonstrated to result in high recovery rates of bioactive AMPs. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the free AMPs was determined against seven different bacteria of clinical relevance (Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and two Burkholderia cenocepacia strains), in accordance with the EUCAST/CLSI antimicrobial susceptibility testing standards. All the bacterial strains (except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were demonstrated to be susceptible to ABP-CM4, including a resistant Burkholderia cenocepacia clinical strain. As for Synoeca-MP, although it did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Klebsiella pneumoniae, it was demonstrated to be highly active against the remaining bacteria. The present work provides the basis for the development of an efficient and up-scalable biotechnological platform for the production and purification of active AMPs against clinically relevant bacteria.

Antibacterial resistance is a major worldwide threat due to the increasing number of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria with medical devices being a major source of these infections. This suggests the need for new antimicrobial biomaterial designs able to withstand the increasing pressure of antimicrobial resistance. Recombinant protein polymers (rPPs) are an emerging class of nature-inspired biopolymers with unique chemical, physical and biological properties. These polymers can be functionalized with antimicrobial molecules utilizing recombinant DNA technology and then produced in microbial cell factories. In this work, we report the functionalization of rPBPs based on elastin and silk-elastin with different antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). These polymers were produced in Escherichia coli, successfully purified by employing non-chromatographic processes, and used for the production of free-standing films. The antimicrobial activity of the materials was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, and results showed that the polymers demonstrated antimicrobial activity, pointing out the potential of these biopolymers for the development of new advanced antimicrobial materials.

Around 200 cytokines with roles in cell signaling have been identified and studied, with the vast majority belonging to the four-α-helix bundle family. These proteins exert their function by binding to specific receptors and are implicated in many diseases. The use of several cytokines as therapeutic targets has been approved by the FDA, however their rapid clearance in vivo still greatly limits their efficacy. Nano-based drug delivery systems have been widely applied in nanomedicine to develop safe, specific and controlled delivery techniques. Nevertheless, each nanomaterial has its own specifications and their suitability towards the biochemical and biophysical properties of the selected drug needs to be determined, weighing in the final choice of the ideal nano drug delivery system. Nanoparticles remain the most used vehicle for cytokine delivery, where polymeric carriers represent the vast majority of the studied systems. Liposomes and gold or silica nanoparticles are also explored and discussed in this review. Additionally, surface functionalization is of great importance to facilitate the attachment of a wide variety of molecules and modify features such as bioavailability. Since the monitoring of cytokine levels has an important role in early clinical diagnosis and for assessing therapeutic efficacy, nanotechnological advances are also valuable for nanosensor development.

Os mecanismos das semeadoras para cortar os resíduos vegetais, mobilizar a camada superficial do solo e depositar as sementes nos sulcos modificam os atributos do solo e interferem no crescimento das culturas. Portanto, comparar os efeitos destes mecanismos é necessário. Este estudo objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes mecanismos sulcadores de semeadora-adubadoras, e da escarificação, sobre atributos de um Latossolo Bruno alumínico típico, e na produtividade de culturas. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: sulcadores tipo disco duplo (DD); sulcadores tipo guilhotina (GUI); sulcadores tipo facão (FA); e escarificação seguido de disco duplo (ESC+DD). Amostras de solo foram coletadas nas camadas de 0-10, 10-20 e 20-40 cm para avaliar atributos físicos (densidade, porosidade total, macro e microporosidade), químicos (pH, Ca, Mg, K e P) e conteúdo de carbono orgânico. Avaliou-se a matéria seca da parte aérea da soja e a produtividade das culturas em três safras distintas. Foi testada a normalidade dos dados, e realizada a análise da variância (teste F a p

A compactação do solo é um dos principais fatores que altera a qualidade do solo e o crescimento das culturas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o grau de compactação que restringe o crescimento da cultura da soja num Latossolo Bruno alumínico típico. O experimento foi realizado em casa de vegetação. O solo utilizado foi coletado no município de Guarapuava, PR, na camada de 0-20 cm. Esse possuía 570 g kg-1 de argila, 370 g kg-1 de silte e 60 g kg-1 de areia. Foi compactado para obtenção das densidades do solo de 0,90; 0,96; 1,02; 1,08; 1,14; 1,20; e 1,27 kg dm-3, correspondendo a graus de compactação entre 75 e 105 %, que foram determinados pela relação entre a densidade do solo atual e a densidade do solo máxima, obtida pelo ensaio de Proctor Normal. Durante o período de cultivo da soja avaliaram-se o crescimento radicular e a parte aérea, além da evapotranspiração diária. Aos 60 dias após a emergência, determinou-se a massa seca da parte aérea e das raízes. Qualquer aumento no grau de compactação acima de 75 % reduz o crescimento das raízes na camada compactada; entretanto, as raízes não crescem quando o grau de compactação é igual ou superior a 105 %. Quando o grau de compactação é superior a 82 %, a altura das plantas diminui e quando é superior a 87 e 93 % reduz respectivamente a massa da matéria seca da parte aérea e a evapotranspiração. Assim, o grau de compactação restritivo à cultura da soja depende do atributo que está sendo avaliado.

In the subtropical regions of southern Brazil, rainfall distribution is uneven, which results in temporal variability of soil water storage. For grapes, water is generally available in excess and water deficiency occurs only occasionally. Furthermore, on the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina, there are differences in soil properties, which results in high spatial variability. These two factors affect the composition of wine grapes. Spatio-temporal analyses are therefore useful in the selection of cultural practices as well as of adequate soils for vineyards. In this way, well-suited areas can produce grapes with a more appropriate composition for the production of quality wines. The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatio-temporal variability of water storage in a Cambisol during the growth cycle of a Cabernet Sauvignon vineyard and its relation to selected soil properties. The experimental area consisted of a commercial 8-year-old vineyard in São Joaquim, Santa Catarina, Brazil. A sampling grid with five rows and seven points per row, spaced 12 m apart, was outlined on an area of 3,456 m². Soil samples were collected with an auger at these points, 0.30 m away from the grapevines, in the 0.00-0.30 m layer, to determine gravimetric soil moisture. Measurements were taken once a week from December 2008 to April 2009, and every two weeks from December 2009 to March 2010. In December 2008, undisturbed soil samples were collected to determine bulk density, macro- and microporosity, and disturbed samples were used to quantify particle size distribution and organic carbon content. Results were subjected to descriptive analysis and semivariogram analysis, calculating the mean relative difference and the Pearson correlation. The average water storage in a Cambisol under grapevine on ridges had variable spatial dependence, i.e., the lower the average water storage, the higher the range of spatial dependence. Water storage had a stable spatial pattern during the trial period, indicating that the points with lower water storage or points with higher water storage during a certain period maintain these conditions throughout the experimental period. The relative difference is a simple method to identify positions that represent the average soil water storage more adequately at any time for a given area.

The retention and availability of water in the soil vary according to the soil characteristics and determine plant growth. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate water retention and availability in the soils of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, according to the textural class, soil class and lithology. The surface and subsurface horizons of 44 profiles were sampled in different regions of the State and different cover crops to determine field capacity, permanent wilting point, available water content, particle size, and organic matter content. Water retention and availability between the horizons were compared in a mixed model, considering the textural classes, the soil classes and lithology as fixed factors and profiles as random factors. It may be concluded that water retention is greater in silty or clayey soils and that the organic matter content is higher, especially in Humic Cambisols, Nitisols and Ferralsol developed from igneous or sedimentary rocks. Water availability is greater in loam-textured soils, with high organic matter content, especially in soils of humic character. It is lower in the sandy texture class, especially in Arenosols formed from recent alluvial deposits or in gravelly soils derived from granite. The greater water availability in the surface horizons, with more organic matter than in the subsurface layers, illustrates the importance of organic matter for water retention and availability.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists in the following situations: extraction space closure, anchorage control in case of necessary anchorage for group A and frequency of skeletal anchorage use, especially in the upper jaw. METHOD: A questionnaire was sent to the e-mail address of all dentists registered in the Brazilian Federal Council of Dentistry. RESULTS: The results showed that most Brazilian orthodontists usually perform extraction space closure by means of sliding mechanics. The use of palatal bar, inclusion of second molars in the archwire and space closure performed in two phases are the most used techniques for anchorage control in the upper jaw. The skeletal anchorage is referenced by 36.5% of specialists as a routine practice for the upper jaw anchorage. CONCLUSIONS: There is a wide variety of procedures adopted by Brazilian orthodontists for orthodontic space closure and anchorage control.

Studies on water retention and availability are scarce for subtropical or humid temperate climate regions of the southern hemisphere. The aims of this study were to evaluate the relations of the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties with water retention and availability for the generation and validation of continuous point pedotransfer functions (PTFs) for soils of the State of Santa Catarina (SC) in the South of Brazil. Horizons of 44 profiles were sampled in areas under different cover crops and regions of SC, to determine: field capacity (FC, 10 kPa), permanent wilting point (PWP, 1,500 kPa), available water content (AW, by difference), saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, aggregate stability, particle size distribution (seven classes), organic matter content, and particle density. Chemical and mineralogical properties were obtained from the literature. Spearman's rank correlation analysis and path analysis were used in the statistical analyses. The point PTFs for estimation of FC, PWP and AW were generated for the soil surface and subsurface through multiple regression analysis, followed by robust regression analysis, using two sets of predictive variables. Soils with finer texture and/or greater organic matter content retain more moisture, and organic matter is the property that mainly controls the water availability to plants in soil surface horizons. Path analysis was useful in understanding the relationships between soil properties for FC, PWP and AW. The predictive power of the generated PTFs to estimate FC and PWP was good for all horizons, while AW was best estimated by more complex models with better prediction for the surface horizons of soils in Santa Catarina.

INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated posteroanterior cephalograms before and after treatment and long term follow-up of Class II division 1 patients treated with bionator. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to demonstrate the transverse growth of maxilla and mandible during and after bionator therapy. METHODS: Measurement of transverse dimensions between posterior maxillary and mandibular implants, as well as the distances between the buccal, gonial and antegonial points were recorded. Measurements were analyzed at three periods: T1 = before bionator therapy, T2 = after bionator therapy and T3 = 5.74 years after T2. RESULTS: There was statistically significant transverse increase due to growth and/or treatment for all variables, except for the distance between the anterior maxillary implants. CONCLUSIONS: During the study period only the anterior maxillary area did not show transverse growth.

A compactação causada por atividades antrópicas altera os atributos físicos do solo, causando redução na produtividade e impactos ao ambiente. Muitos estudos sobre esse tema têm sido realizados em solos agrícolas, porém poucas são as informações em áreas com vegetação nativa, nas quais, geralmente, os teores de matéria orgânica são mais elevados. Assim, é oportuno avaliar a relação entre os atributos físicos relacionados à compactação, nessas condições, a fim de estabelecer valores de referência para projetos de recuperação de áreas degradadas em campos naturais ou matas ciliares. Objetivou-se relacionar densidade máxima (DsMáx), umidade ótima de compactação (UOC) e densidade relativa (DR) com os limites de consistência, granulometria e teor de matéria orgânica de solos predominantes do Planalto Sul do Estado de Santa Catarina sob vegetação nativa de clima temperado. Amostras do horizonte A foram coletadas em dois Nitossolos, dois Neossolos e dois Cambissolos. Foram avaliados: a granulometria, a densidade de partícula, o teor de carbono orgânico total, os limites de liquidez, de plasticidade e de pegajosidade, o índice de plasticidade, a densidade máxima, a umidade ótima de compactação, a densidade do solo e a densidade relativa. A DsMáx aumenta com o teor de areia total e areia fina e reduz com os teores de argila e com os limites de liquidez e de pegajosidade. A UOC diminui nos solos arenosos, especialmente naqueles com predominância de areia fina, e aumenta nos argilosos ou com maior teor de carbono orgânico total e dos limites de Atterberg. A UOC variou entre 0,76 e 1,05 vezes o limite de plasticidade, tendo relação direta com o teor de silte, indicando que a umidade ótima de compactação não pode ser avaliada apenas com a determinação do limite de plasticidade de um solo. Os solos de altitude do Planalto Sul de SC têm relação UOC/LP diferente da de solos de outros locais, como consequência dos elevados teores de matéria orgânica desses solos.The compaction caused by anthropic activities alters the soil physical properties, decreasing productivity and affecting the environment. Many studies on this topic have been conducted in agricultural soils; however there is little information in areas with native vegetation, where, usually, organic matter levels are higher. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the relationship between physical properties related to compaction under these conditions to establish reference values for the revegetation of native grassland or riparian forests. The objective was to relate maximum bulk density (MaxBD), optimum water content for compaction (OWC) and relative density (DR) with the limits of consistency, particle size and organic carbon content of predominant soils on the Southern Plateau of the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil, under native vegetation of temperate climate. Samples of A-Horizon were collected from two Oxisols (Rhodic and Xanthic Kandiudox), two Entisols (Lithic Udorthents and Typic Udipsamments) and two Inceptisols (Pachic Humudepts). The particle size distribution, particle density, total organic carbon content, limits of liquid, plasticity (LP) and stickiness, plasticity index, maximum bulk density (MaxBD), optimum water content (OWC) for compaction, bulk density, and the degree of compactness were evaluated. The MaxBD increases in soils with higher sand and fine sand content, and decreases in soils with higher clay content and higher liquidity and stickiness limits. The OWC decreases in sandy soils, especially those with a predominance of fine sand, and increases in those with higher clay content, total organic carbon and Atterberg limits. The OWC was between 0.76 and 1.05 times the plastic limit, directly related with the silt content, indicating that the optimum moisture content for compaction cannot be measured only by the determination of the plastic limit of a soil. The OWC/LP ratio of soils at higher altitude in the Southern Plateau of Santa Catarina is different from that of soils in other places, as a consequence of the high levels of organic matter and silt in these soils.

ABSTRACT Traffic of heavy machinery at harvest and log extraction causes structural degradation of the soil, but studies on the effects of forest harvesting on soils with high organic matter content and exchangeable Al are scarce. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of mechanized forest harvesting operations on a Dystric Cambisol (Humic) with high organic matter (more 50 g kg1) content and exchangeable Al (more 6,0 cmolc kg-1), reforested with Pinus taeda L. The evaluated harvesting system were the whole-tree, in which the feller-buncher cuts and lays the trees down in bundles; the skidder drags the tree bundles up near a road; and the harvester delimbs and cuts the trees into short logs, stacking them on the roadside to be loaded onto trucks. The areas were evaluated for soil conditions at pre-harvest, prior to harvest, and at post-harvest, consisting of areas of low disturbance, high disturbance, forest residues and log yards. The effects of compaction after forest harvesting are observed by the decrease in total porosity (especially biopores and macropores), soil saturated hydraulic conductivity, and stability of aggregates. After forest harvesting, soil compaction was observed in all evaluated situations, but with different depths depending on operation type and the intensity of traffic carried in each area.

ABSTRACT Changes in soil physical properties due to different management systems occur slowly, and long-term studies are needed to assess soil quality. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effects of soil management systems and liming methods on the physical properties of a Latossolo Bruno Alumínico típico (Hapludox). A long-term experiment that began in 1978 with conventional and no-tillage systems was assessed. In addition, different liming methods (no lime, incorporated lime, and lime on the soil surface) have been applied since 1987 and were also evaluated in this study. Moreover, an area of native forest was evaluated and considered a reference for the natural condition of the soil. Soil physical properties were evaluated in layers to a depth of 1.00 m. Compared to native forest, the conventional tillage and no-tillage systems had higher soil bulk density, penetration resistance, and microporosity, and lower aggregate stability and macroporosity. Compared to the conventional tillage system, long-term no-tillage improved the structure of the Hapludox, as evidenced by increased microporosity and aggregate stability, especially in the soil surface layer. In no-tillage with lime applications sporadically incorporated, soil physical properties did not differ from no-tillage without lime and with lime applied on the soil surface, indicating that this practice maintains the physical quality of soil under no-tillage. Liming in a conventional tillage system improved soil aggregation and reduces penetration resistance in the soil layers near the soil surface. No-tillage was the main practice related to improvement of soil physical quality, and liming methods did not influence soil physical properties in this soil management system.

ABSTRACT Rheological parameters have been used to study the interaction between particles and the structural strength of soils subjected to mechanical stresses, in which soil composition and water content most strongly affect soil resistance to deformation. Our objective was to evaluate the effect of water tension on rheological parameters of soils with different mineralogical, physical, and chemical composition. Surface and subsurface horizons of four Oxisols, two Ultisols, one Alfisol, and one Vertisol were physically and chemically characterized; their rheological parameters were obtained from amplitude sweep tests under oscillatory shear on disturbed soil samples that were saturated and subjected to water tension of 1, 3, 6, and 10 kPa. In these samples, the rheological parameters linear viscoelastic deformation limit (γL), maximum shear stress (τmax), and integral z were determined. By simple regression analysis of the rheological parameters as a function of soil water tension, we observed increased mechanical strength with increasing water tension up to at least 6 kPa, primarily due to increased capillary forces in the soil. However, increased elasticity assessed by γL was not as expressive as the increase in structural rigidity assessed by τmax and integral z. Elastic deformation of the soil (γL) increases with the increase in the number of bonds among particles, which depend on the clay, total carbon, expansive clay mineral, and cation contents; however, maximum shear resistance (τmax) and structural stiffness (integral z) mainly increase with clay, kaolinite, and oxide content by increasing the strength of interparticle bonds. A decrease in mechanical strength occurs for water tension of 10 kPa (the lowest water content evaluated) in sandy horizons or in horizons with a high proportion of resistant microaggregates (pseudosand), when associated with low bulk density, due to fewer points of contact between soil particles and therefore lower capillary force.

In Brazil extensive areas are covered with pine forests, planted for pulp and paper production. This industry generates solid alkaline waste, such as dregs. The application of this dregs to forest soils is an alternative for soil acidity correction and plant nutrient supply, as well as a solution for its proper disposal. The purpose of this study was to compare the residual effect of surface application of dregs and dolomitic lime on (a) changes in the physical and chemical properties of an acidic soil and (b) pine tree development. The experiment was carried out in 2004 in Bocaina do Sul, Santa Catarina, consisting of the application of increasing dreg and lime rates to a Pinus taeda L. production area, on a Humic Cambisol, in a randomized block design with four replications and 10 x 10 m plots. The treatments consisted of levels of soil acidity amendments corresponding to the recommendations by the SMP method to reach pH 5.5 in the 0-20 cm layer, as follows: no soil amendment; dregs at 5.08 (1/4 SMP), 10.15 (1/2 SMP) and 20.3 Mg ha-1 (1 SMP); and lime at 8.35 (1/2 SMP) and 16.7 Mg ha-1 (1 SMP). Soil layers were sampled in 2010 for analyses of soil chemical and physical properties. The diameter at breast height of the 6.5 year old pine trees was also evaluated. Surface application of dregs improved soil chemical fertility by reducing acidity and increasing base saturation, similar to liming, especially in surface layers. Dregs, comparable to lime, reduced the degree of clay flocculation, but did not affect the soil physical quality. There was no effect of the amendments on increase in pine tree diameter. Thus, the alternative to raise the pH in forest soils to 5.5 with dregs is promising for the forestry sector with a view to dispose of the waste and increase soil fertility.

This study analyzed occlusal radiographs to compare the transverse changes produced in patients treated with rapid maxillary expansion using two types of appliances. The sample consisted of 31 children aged 7 to 10.6 years, of both genders, with posterior cross-bite. Fifteen children were treated with a tooth-borne expander and 16 were treated with a tooth-tissue-borne expander. Occlusal radiographs obtained at treatment onset and at the end of the retention period were digitized. The following variables were measured: intermolar distance (IMD), interapical distance (IApD), interbase distance (IBaD) and interarm distance (IArD). The results revealed increases in all measurements in both groups after rapid maxillary expansion. Comparison between groups revealed that the increases were greater in patients treated with the tooth-borne expander, except for the IArD measurement, which presented the same increase in both groups. Even though the IMD measurements differed between expanders, they were proportional to the activation of the appliances (IBaD). The increase in the IApD measurement was proportionally greater in the group treated with the tooth-borne expander (0.7:1.0) than in that treated with the tooth-tissue-borne expander (0.4:1.0). It was concluded that both appliances had similar effects, although the tooth-tissue-borne expander produced a lesser opening at the apical region of the incisors.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os resultados da artroplastia parcial de ombro tipo CTA® para o tratamento da artropatia degenerativa do manguito. MÉTODOS: De dezembro de 2006 a junho de 2009, 23 ombros de 23 pacientes foram submetidos à artroplastia parcial tipo CTA® para o tratamento de artropatia por lesão do manguito rotador. O tempo de seguimento pós-operatório variou de seis a 35 meses. A idade média foi de 74,1 anos. Houve predomínio do sexo feminino em 78,3% dos casos. O membro direito foi acometido em 18 pacientes. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos, sem melhora dos sintomas, ao tratamento fisioterápico prévio por pelo menos seis meses e foram submetidos à cirurgia pela mesma equipe cirúrgica. Nenhum dos pacientes havia realizado cirurgia prévia no ombro afetado. A avaliação dos pacientes no seguimento pós-operatório seguiu os critérios do escore da UCLA. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se melhora da dor em todos pacientes após a artroplastia. Pelo escore da UCLA, a média de pontos em relação à dor foi de 9,22 (variando de 10 a oito). Quanto à função, a média foi de seis (10 a dois). Encontramos nesses pacientes média de 2,39 na flexão frontal ativa (quatro a zero). Na força de flexão frontal a média foi de 4,09 com máxima de cinco e mínima de três. A média de pontos do escore da UCLA foi de 26,52. Noventa e cinco porcento dos pacientes ficaram satisfeitos com a cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: A artroplastia parcial de ombro tipo CTA® tem resultados satisfatórios no tratamento da artropatia degenerativa do manguito rotador e apresenta baixa taxa de complicação.OBJECTIVE: To assess results of CTA® partial shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of degenerative arthropathy of the rotator cuff. METHODS: Between December 2006 and June 2009, 23 shoulders of 23 patients were submitted to CTA® type partial shoulder arthroplasty for treatment of arthropathy secondary to rotator cuff injury. Post-operative follow up time ranged from 6 to 35 months. Mean age was 74.1 years. Patients were predominantly female, representing 78.3% of cases. The right limb was affected in 18 patients. All patients had undergone at least 6 months of physiotherapy without improvement of the algetic picture, and being submitted to surgery by the same surgical team. None of the patients had history of surgery on the affected shoulder. The method elected for assessing patients during post-operative follow up was based on UCLA scoring criteria. RESULTS: Improvement in pain was observed in all patients after arthroplasty. Mean UCLA pain score was 9.22 (ranging from 10 to 8). Mean function was 6 (10 to 2). Active frontal flexion was 2.39 (highest score 4 and lowest 0). Mean frontal flexion force was 4.09, maximum was 5 and minimum 3. Mean score on the UCLA was 26.52. 95% were satisfied with the surgery. CONCLUSION: CTA® type partial shoulder arthroplasty produced satisfactory results in the treatment of degenerative arthropathy of the rotator cuff and had a low rate of complications.

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as lesões musculoesqueléticas em atletas de elite da luta olímpica. MÉTODOS: Avaliação retrospectiva de 95 atletas por meio de um questionário estruturado contendo informações sobre lesões prévias e dados clínicos e epidemiológicos. RESULTADOS: Foram relatadas 145 lesões em 81 (85,3%) atletas. As regiões anatômicas mais freqüentemente acometidas foram o joelho (25,5%), o ombro (20%), a coxa (15,2%) e o tornozelo (14,5%). As entorses e as lesões musculares foram as lesões mais comumente relatadas com 34,5% e 30,4%, respectivamente. O tratamento cirúrgico foi necessário em 9% das lesões e a maioria destas lesões (61,5%) localizavam-se nos membros.inferiores. CONCLUSÕES: Lesões do aparelho locomotor são frequentes nos praticantes de luta olímpica e os membros inferiores são o segmento mais acometido.OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate musculoskeletal injuries in elite Brazilian wrestlers. METHODS: Ninety-five wrestlers completed a structured questionnaire to asses wrestling injury history and clinical and demographic data. RESULTS: Eighty one athletes (85,3%) informed 145 lesions. The most commonly injured body regions were knee (25,5%), shoulder (20%), thigh (15,2%) and ankle (14,5%). Sprains (34,5%) and muscle lesions (30,4%) were the most common injuries. Surgical treatment was performed in 9% of the lesions and the majority of these lesions (61,5%) were located in the lower limbs. CONCLUSIONS: Musculoskeletal lesions are common in wrestling athletes and the lower limbs are the most frequently injured site.

OBJETIVO: avaliar o sistema de forças gerado pela mola T centralizada no espaço interbraquete, com pré-ativação preconizada por Burstone. MÉTODOS: utilizando-se modelos fotoelásticos, a mola T com pré-ativações preconizadas por Burstone, confeccionada com fio retangular de titânio-molibdênio (TMA) de secção 0,017"x 0,025", centralizada e com ativação de 6mm, 3mm e em posição neutra. Para melhor confiabilidade dos resultados, os testes foram repetidos em três modelos igualmente duplicados e confeccionados pelo mesmo operador. Utilizou-se uma distância interbraquetes de 27mm. Para compreensão dos resultados, as franjas foram visualizadas através do polariscópio, fotografadas e analisadas qualitativamente. RESULTADOS: por meio da análise qualitativa da ordem de franjas no modelo fotoelástico, notou-se que, nas extremidades de retração e ancoragem, ambas apresentaram simetria no sistema de força, em toda extensão radicular.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the force system generated by T-springs placed in the center of the interbracket space using the pre-activations advocated by Burstone. METHODS: Photoelastic models were used to assess T-springs fabricated with 0.017x0.025-in rectangular titanium-molybdenum alloy wire (TMA), centrally positioned, with 6.0 mm activation, 3 mm activation, and in neutral position. To ensure reliable results, tests were repeated on three photoelastic models equally duplicated and fabricated by the same operator. An interbracket distance of 27.0 mm was used. For a better understanding of the results, the fringes were viewed in a polariscope, then photographed and qualitatively analyzed. RESULTS: Through qualitative analysis of the fringe order in the photoelastic model it was noted that both the retraction and anchorage ends displayed force system symmetry across the full extent of the root.

A qualidade do solo no sistema de integração agricultura-pecuária depende do sistema de manejo do solo e da pastagem. A pesquisa foi realizada em Santa Catarina em um Cambissolo Húmico alumínico, em área com pastagem nativa pastejada por nove anos, dessecada em maio de 2003 para semear pastagem anual de inverno e cultivo de milho no verão. O experimento, conduzido no delineamento com parcelas subdivididas, consistiu da combinação de sistemas de manejo da pastagem e de sistemas de preparo do solo para o cultivo de verão, com os seguintes tratamentos: azevém sem pastejo e dessecado ao final do ciclo e milho em semeadura direta; azevém sem pastejo, roçado e removido ao final do ciclo e milho em semeadura direta; azevém pastejado e milho em semeadura direta; azevém pastejado e milho em preparo convencional; e azevém pastejado e milho em preparo reduzido. O pastejo foi realizado durante dois períodos de 14 e 10 dias, com carga animal de 6,0 Mg ha-1. Amostras de solo foram coletadas em diferentes épocas para determinações físicas e do teor total de C de compostos orgânicos (COT). O preparo do solo com arado ou escarificador foi o fator que mais modificou as propriedades do solo, reduziu o teor de COT, a estabilidade dos agregados, a densidade e a umidade e aumentou a porosidade total, a macroporosidade e a capacidade de aeração do solo, comparado ao sistema de plantio direto, no qual os efeitos do manejo da pastagem não modificaram as propriedades físicas do solo. A transição de pastagem nativa pastejada para o sistema de integração agricultura-pecuária no sistema de plantio direto preserva melhor a qualidade física do solo em relação ao preparo convencional, e o preparo reduzido tem desempenho intermediário.The soil quality of a crop-livestock system can change according to the pasture and soil management. This research was carried out in Otacilio Costa, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil, on a Humic Cambisol previously used with native grass pasture for 9 years, desiccated in May 2003, for use with ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) pasture in the winter and corn in the summer. A split plot design was used, consisting of pasture management systems and soil tillage systems prior to the summer crop, with the following treatments: ungrazed ryegrass, desiccated at the end of the cycle followed by corn under no-tillage; ungrazed ryegrass, mowed and removed at the end of the cycle followed by corn under no-tillage; grazed ryegrass followed by corn under no-tillage; grazed ryegrass followed by corn under conventional tillage; and grazed ryegrass followed by corn under reduced tillage. Animal grazing consisted of two periods of 14 and 10 days, with an animal weight of 6.0 Mg ha-1. Soil samples were collected on different dates for analyses of soil physical and total organic carbon. Soil tillage with plow or disking was the factor that influenced soil physical properties most, reducing organic carbon content, aggregate stability, bulk density and soil moisture, and increased total porosity, macroporosity and soil aeration capacity, compared to the no-tillage system. Under no-tillage, the effects of pasture management caused no modification of the soil physical properties. By converting from native grassland to an integrated crop-livestock system under no-tillage soil physical conditions were better preserved than under conventional tillage, while reduced tillage had a moderate performance.

Aim: To demonstrate the magnitude and direction of skeletal changes in the maxilla and mandible during and after the use of bionator, as well as their rotations. Methods: Partial superimposition on the maxilla and mandible on the metallic implants and total superimposition on the cranial base were performed at three periods, T1 before bionator therapy, T2 after bionator therapy, and T3 5.68 years after T2. Results: There was total clockwise maxillary rotation and counterclockwise mandibular rotation, in the North American technique, throughout the study period, as well as extensive remodeling on the condylar region, especially in vertical direction and on the gonial region in horizontal direction. Conclusions: The total maxillary rotation seemed to be significantly affected by therapy than the mandible. There was a clear change in the direction of condylar remodeling compared to the period of bionator therapy and posterior bionator therapy. Considering the entire study period, it was observed that intra-matrix rotation of the maxilla and mandible masked their total rotation, causing minimum changes in the matrix rotation.

Entrevista com a diretoria do Museu de Arte Brasileira da FAAP que enfoca a experiência da mesma na realização de exposições sobre moda e temas correlatos no referido museu.

Os agricultores estão introduzindo culturas anuais em áreas de campo nativo, utilizando diferentes sistemas de manejo e métodos de correção da acidez. Para conhecer melhor as mudanças nas propriedades físicas e químicas do solo destas interferências sobre o campo nativo, avaliou-se o efeito de métodos de aplicação e doses de calcário em área de campo nativo para cultivo de milho nos sistemas: 1) PD 1,0i - plantio direto com calcário incorporado na implantação do experimento nas doses de 0, 0,25, 0,5, 1,0 e 1,5 SMP; 2) PD 1,0s - plantio direto com calcário superficial nas mesmas doses na implantação do experimento e; 3) PD 0,3s - plantio direto com calcário superficial nas mesmas doses e divididas em três vezes, reaplicadas a cada três anos. O experimento em blocos casualizados foi instalado em um cambissolo húmico de campo nativo em Lages, SC, com pH em água de 4,4 e necessidade de calcário de 24 Mg ha-1 para elevar o ph até 6,0. Foram determinadas: densidade do solo e de partículas; macro, micro e porosidade total; resistência à penetração; condutividade hidráulica saturada; estabilidade de agregados; carbono orgânico; pH em água; distribuição do tamanho das partículas e; grau de floculação em quatro camadas de 0,05 m cada uma, até os 0,20 m de profundidade. A incorporação do calcário corrigiu a acidez do solo na camada de 0-0,10 m, enquanto a aplicação superficial com dose integral corrigiu apenas a camada de 0,0-0,05 m. O revolvimento do solo no campo nativo, com lavração e gradagem para incorporação do calcário, foi benéfico para a qualidade do solo quanto a redução da densidade, da microporosidade, da resistência à penetração e ao aumento da porosidade total, da macroporosidade e do grau de floculação. Houve prejuízos à qualidade do solo pela redução da estabilidade dos agregados e do conteúdo de carbono. As doses de calcário não modificaram as propriedades físicas avaliadas, apenas elevaram o pH do solo.

Muitas indústrias utilizam a combustão da biomassa vegetal para a geração de energia, processo que produz uma grande quantidade de cinza. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de cinza de biomassa florestal como corretivo da acidez e fertilizante do solo, comparando-a com os efeitos do calcário dolomítico, em Cambissolo Húmico cultivado com Eucalyptus dunnii. O experimento foi conduzido em casa-de-vegetação em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, com os tratamentos: 1- Testemunha; 2- Cinza de biomassa florestal na dose de 11 Mg ha-1; 3- Cinza de biomassa florestal na dose de 22 Mg ha-1; 4- Calcário na dose de 8,5 Mg ha-1; 5- Calcário na dose de 17 Mg ha-1. Foram plantadas, em vasos, mudas de Eucalyptus dunnii e cultivadas por 70 dias em casa de vegetação. Foram avaliados os atributos químicos e físicos do solo, a massa seca produzida e a composição química do tecido vegetal. A adição de cinza de biomassa florestal pode ser aplicada em solos altamente tamponados, pois não altera o grau de floculação da argila e a acidez do solo e é fonte de K, P e Ca. A aplicação de calcário dolomítico neutraliza a acidez do solo e disponibiliza mais P para o eucalipto. O crescimento inicial de plantas de eucalipto em solo adubado, não é alterado pela aplicação de cinza ou calcário.

In this paper, a compact matryoshka DGS using dielectric resonator (DR) is proposed. Despite the use of dielectric resonators to obtain band-stop frequency response not being a new idea, the proposed compact matryoshka DGS is an original contribution, since only recently the matryoshka geometry was used in DGS applications. Furthermore, a numerical analysis of the positioning of the DR is presented, which makes it possible to determine the region of the DGS for which the minimum resonant frequency is reached, and the resonant frequency range that can be obtained. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this numerical analysis is an unpublished result, even more so, for the matryoshka DGS. The matryoshka geometry was described, including initial design equations. To verify the expected characteristics (miniaturization, selectivity, and resonant frequency tunability), two compact matryoshka DGSs (DGS1 and DGS2) were designed using a high permittivity ceramic (MCT-115) as DR. The obtained numerical and experimental results showed good agreement, and the initial design equations proved to be applicable, which allows new dimensions to be determined for other resonant frequencies, according to the application requirements. Resonant frequencies ranging from the maximum value to 33% (DGS1) and 27% (DGS2) were achieved, depending on the DR position. Considering $\lambda _{0}$ the wavelength in free space, corresponding to the resonant frequency, DGS1 and DGS2 achieved an occupied area of $0.04\lambda _{0}\times 0.04\lambda _{0}$ , and $0.05\lambda _{0}\times 0.05\lambda _{0}$ , respectively, a good miniaturization. The proposed compact matryoshka DGS may be especially attractive for applications that require a very selective band-stop frequency response. If a wider band-stop is required, the proposed DGS can be cascaded.

All over the world, there is a lot of patient health data in different locations such as hospitals, clinics, insurance companies, and other organizations. In this sense, global identification of the patient has emerged as an everyday healthcare challenge. Governments and institutions have to prioritize satisfactory, quick, and integrated decision-making in a wide, dispersed, and global environment because of unexpected challenges like pandemics or threats. In the current scientific literature, some of the existing challenges include support for a standard global unique identification that considers privacy issues, the combination of multiple technological biometry implementations, and personal documents. Thus, we propose a decentralized software model based on blockchain and smart contracts that includes privacy, global unique person identification supporting multiple combinations of documents, and biometric data using the Global Standards 1 - GS1 healthcare industry standard. Furthermore, we defined a methodology to evaluate a hypothetical use case of this model where an integrated and standard global health data sharing personal identification is crucial. For this, we implemented the proposed model in a global-wide continent location through cloud machines, fog computing, and blockchain considering the unique patient data identification and evaluate a use case scenario based on the top 5 most globally visited tourist destinations (France, Spain, the United States of America, China, and Italy), with an approach based on this model. The results show that using a model for a global id for healthcare can help reduce costs, time, and efforts, especially in the context of health threats, where agility and financial support must be prioritized.

Nowadays, there are many fragmented records of patient’s health data in different locations like hospitals, clinics, and organizations all around the world. With the arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic, several governments and institutions struggled to have satisfactory, fast, and accurate decision-making in a wide, dispersed, and global environment. In the current literature, we found that the most common related challenges include delay (network latency), software scalability, health data privacy, and global patient identification. We propose to design, implement and evaluate a healthcare software architecture focused on a global vaccination strategy, considering healthcare privacy issues, latency mitigation, support of scalability, and the use of a global identification. We have designed and implemented a prototype of a healthcare software called Fog-Care, evaluating performance metrics like latency, throughput and send rate of a hypothetical scenario where a global integrated vaccination campaign is adopted in wide dispensed locations (Brazil, USA, and United Kingdom), with an approach based on blockchain, unique identity, and fog computing technologies. The evaluation results demonstrate that the minimum latency spends less than 1 second to run, and the average of this metric grows in a linear progression, showing that a decentralized infrastructure integrating blockchain, global unique identification, and fog computing are feasible to make a scalable solution for a global vaccination campaign within other hospitals, clinics, and research institutions around the world and its data-sharing issues of privacy, and identification.

The Internet of Things (IoT) adoption grows significantly and is successful in many different domains. Nevertheless, the ever-growing demand for more connected devices pushes the requirement for scalable IoT architectures capable of maintaining the security and privacy of collected data. The latter is a particularly critical aspect when considering sensitive data, e.g., medical records. One solution to address this challenge is to modify the centralized back-end model to one based on a Blockchain, changing the way IoT data is stored and shared by providing a decentralized peer-to-peer network. This technology enables naming and tracking for connected devices, and in the case of this article, features a high availability of Personal Health Records, yet protecting patients’ privacy through the use of cryptography. Furthermore, the addition of Fog computing mechanisms helps to achieve real-time data processing, supports precision medicine, and avoids single points of failure. As a result, devices have a local and more resilient ecosystem for operation. In this context, this work proposes an architecture model named FogChain, which combines the technologies Blockchain, Fog computing, and the IoT for the healthcare domain. Our main contribution is the FogChain model itself, and its concept of overcoming IoT constraints by employing a differential approach, adding an intermediary Fog layer near to the edge to improve their capabilities and resources. Experiments demonstrate that FogChain can achieve a 62.6% faster response time when compared to Cloud-like Blockchain infrastructures. The results obtained from the evaluation endorses the capacity of our model in achieving its goals while retaining application performance.

A computação móvel pode ser definida como informação na ponta dos dedos a qualquer hora, em qualquer lugar e avança como uma realidade nas tarefas e atividades das pessoas, em decorrência da popularização e diversificação de dispositivos móveis e redes sem fio. Faz-se importante então, desenvolver modelos que permitam não somente compartilhar dados clínicos, mas sim tornar os dados independentes da tecnologia usada e cientes de contexto. Neste cenário, o presente trabalho, denominado PEPContextual, consiste em um modelo que faz uso da ciência da situação (situation awareness), explorando informações relacionadas com o ambiente ou com os próprios usuários e onde diversos tipos de contextos são aglomerados de forma a gerar uma visualização mais rica, complexa e inteligente, criando inúmeras possibilidades, dentre elas, a inferência de riscos associados ao paciente. A avaliação por estudo de caso confirmou a expectativa de que a aplicação de ciência de situação, baseada no modelo de Endsley, possibilitaria que o modelo de forma ubíqua detectasse riscos associados ao paciente.

O monitoramento de entidades para determinar uma situação é uma aplicação interessante para diversas áreas. Pode-se utilizar dados obtidos de sensores, disponíveis em um ambiente, para descrever o contexto dos elementos presentes. Nesse âmbito, o presente trabalho tem como finalidade apresentar o Onisciente, um modelo que utiliza a informação de um conjunto de sensores que estejam monitorando um mesmo elemento para determinar o seu contexto e obter conhecimento sobre suas condições. Para isso, o Onisciente realiza a identificação dessas entidades, com o auxílio de uma leitora RFID acrescida de alguns sensores. No modelo, um contexto representa uma imagem de momento preciso no tempo, na qual se pode verificar fatos que estejam ocorrendo e, com isso, tomar decisões. Essas decisões envolvem classificar os contextos gerados e, conforme a classificação obtida, informar eventuais situações desfavoráveis às entidades monitoradas. Para determinar um contexto e realizar a classificação do significado que ele representa, são empregadas ontologias, computação sensível ao contexto e modelagem de contexto. Um protótipo foi desenvolvido para avaliar o modelo, mostrando a viabilidade do modelo proposto.