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Abstract The meniscus‐guided coating (MGC) of a binary fluid mixture containing a solute and a volatile solvent that undergoes spinodal decomposition is investigated numerically. Motivation is the evaporation‐driven deposition of material during the fabrication of organic thin film electronics. A transition in the phase‐separation morphology from an array of droplet‐shaped domains deposited periodically parallel to the slot opening to isotropically dispersed solute‐rich droplets with increasing coating velocity is found. This transition originates from the competition between the injection of the solution into the film and diffusive transport that cannot keep up with replenishing the depletion of solute near the domains. The critical velocity of the transition is determined by the ratio of two length scales: i) the spinodal length, which implicitly depends on the evaporation rate and the properties of the solution, and ii) a depletion length proportional to the ratio of the diffusivity of the solute and the coating velocity. For coating below the critical velocity, the domain size and deposition wavelength are proportional to a solute depletion length. This competition in the mass transport is inherent in any kind of unidirectional deposition of demixing solutions and the findings should therefore apply to many coating techniques and forced demixing processes.

Abstract Research focused on the conjunction between quantum computing and routing problems has been very prolific in recent years. Most of the works revolve around classical problems such as the Traveling Salesman Problem or the Vehicle Routing Problem. The real-world applicability of these problems is dependent on the objectives and constraints considered. Anyway, it is undeniable that it is often difficult to translate complex requirements into these classical formulations. The main objective of this research is to present a solving scheme for dealing with realistic instances while maintaining all the characteristics and restrictions of the original real-world problem. Thus, a quantum-classical strategy has been developed, coined Q4RPD, that considers a set of real constraints such as a heterogeneous fleet of vehicles, priority deliveries, and capacities characterized by two values: weight and dimensions of the packages. Q4RPD resorts to the Leap Constrained Quadratic Model Hybrid Solver of D-Wave. To demonstrate the application of Q4RPD, an experimentation composed of six different instances has been conducted, aiming to serve as illustrative examples.

El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar los hábitos de viaje que están dispuestos a cambiar los turistas para ser más respetuosos con el medio ambiente (MA) y mitigar su impacto en el cambio climático (CC). Partiendo de la perspectiva de la teoría crítica, en un primer momento analizamos los distintos tipos de acciones para la mitigación que van desde la inhibición de viajar hasta el negacionismo y la negativa a cambiar los hábitos, pasando por distintos tipos de mitigación como son la prevención, minimización, compensación para contrarrestar (ejemplo plantando árboles) e incluso pago por contaminar. Seguidamente exponemos los distintos factores individuales (sociodemográficos, culturales) y contextuales que están influenciando en la disposición a cambiar de hábitos. Tomamos los datos del Eurobarómetro y los analizamos con el programa Stata siguiendo la técnica de las Ecuaciones Estructurales Generalizadas (GSEM). Los resultados demuestran que existe una hipocresía climática y una clara diferencia comportamental entre el consumo turístico y el consumo cotidiano. Los más dispuestos a cambiar son las personas con formación elevada, las mujeres y los jóvenes. La riqueza de los países influye positivamente en la disposición a pagar más para proteger el medio ambiente o beneficiar a la comunidad local, pero influye negativamente en otros hábitos, lo cual demuestra que los habitantes de los países ricos no son necesariamente los más concienciados ni los que tienen unas actitudes más proclives para ser respetuosos con el MA y mitigar el CC.

Se propone una explicación sobre los cambios producidos en el mundo del trabajo y las interpretaciones que de ellos hacen dos generaciones coetáneas socializadas en distintas etapas del capitalismo hispano. La trama narrativa integra diferentes niveles de análisis, enmarcando el objetivo indicado en una perspectiva de largo alcance que profundiza en claves políticas, económicas y culturales. El eje que articula el análisis es la comprensión de las relaciones que establecemos con el trabajo desde una doble mirada comparativa: dos generaciones (“baby boomers” y “generación Z”) y dos contextos urbanos (ciudades industriales y ciudades especializadas en funciones turístico-inmobiliarias). Crisis industrial y especialización turística. Estudio sobre el significado del trabajo. Alejandro Mantecón, Luis Garrido-Sánchez y Thomas Caneva. Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas, 2023. 235 páginas. ISBN: 9788474769111.

Se expone de un modo sumario la situación arqueológica y patrimonial del Megalitismo de un área geográfica de la Galicia noroccidental, en la actual provincia de A Coruña. Es la “Costa da Morte”, en el Finisterre galaico, una de las áreas de mayor densidad megalítica del noroeste da península ibérica y con algunos de los monumentos más emblemáticos del país. Lo que ha llevado a que sea allí el lugar elegido para la puesta en marcha del Parque arqueológico del Megalitismo, en el marco de la Red Gallega del Patrimonio Arqueológico, auspiciada por la Xunta de Galicia. El presente trabajo pretende ser un punto de partida, desde una óptica interdisciplinar, en el proceso de puesta en marcha de un parque que incluirá la totalidad de los monumentos catalogados y que a día de hoy superan los trescientos, con una veintena de grandes estructuras megalíticas que deberán ser objeto de labores de conservación, rehabilitación y revalorización, todo ello vinculado al turismo cultural. Arqueología, protección, promoción y musealización son, pues, los ejes vertebradores del proyecto del Megalitismo en Costa da Morte, en sintonía entre un pasado milenario, el presente y el futuro. [gl] Exponse dun xeito conciso a situación arqueolóxica e patrimonial do Megalitismo dunha área xeográfica do noroeste de Galicia, na actual provincia da Coruña. É a “Costa da Morte”, na Fisterra galega, unha das zonas con maior densidade megalítica do noroeste da península ibérica, que conta con algúns dos monumentos máis emblemáticos do país. Todo elo levou a escoller esta zona para a posta en marcha do Parque arqueolóxico do Megalitismo, no marco da Rede de Patrimonio Arqueolóxico de Galicia, patrocinada pola Xunta de Galicia. O presente traballo pretende ser un punto de partida, desde unha perspectiva interdisciplinaria, no proceso de creación dun parque que incluirá todos os monumentos catalogados e que na actualidade superan os trescentos, cunhas vinte grandes estruturas megalíticas que deben ser obxecto de conservación, rehabilitación e traballo de revalorización vinculado ao turismo cultural. Arqueoloxía, protección, promoción e musealización son, polo tanto, os eixos vertebradores do proxecto en curso sobre o Megalitismo na Costa da Morte, en harmonía entre un pasado milenario, o presente e o futuro.

Abstract Since their discovery, toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems have captivated the attention of many scientists. Recent studies have demonstrated that TA systems play a key role in phage inhibition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the PemIK (PemK/PemI) type II TA system in phage inhibition by its intrinsic expression in clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae carrying the lncL plasmid, which harbours the carbapenemase OXA-48 and the PemK/PemI TA system. Furthermore, induced expression of the system in an IPTG-inducible plasmid in a reference strain of K. pneumoniae ATCC10031 was also studied. The results showed that induced expression of the whole TA system did not inhibit phage infection, whereas overexpression of the pemK toxin prevented early infection. To investigate the molecular mechanism involved in the PemK toxin-mediated inhibition of phage infection, assays measuring metabolic activity and viability were performed, revealing that overexpression of the PemK toxin led to dormancy of the bacteria. Thus, we demonstrate that the PemK/PemI TA system plays a role in phage infection and that the action of the free toxin induces a dormant state in the cells, resulting in inhibition of phage infections.

To optimize phage therapy, we need to understand how bacteria evolve against phage attacks. One of the main problems of phage therapy is the appearance of bacterial resistance variants. The use of genomics to track antimicrobial resistance is increasingly developed and used in clinical laboratories. For that reason, it is important to consider, in an emerging future with phage therapy, to detect and avoid phage-resistant strains that can be overcome by the analysis of metadata provided by whole-genome sequencing. Here, we identified genes associated with phage resistance in 18 Acinetobacter baumannii clinical strains belonging to the ST-2 clonal complex during a decade (Ab2000 vs. 2010): 9 from 2000 to 9 from 2010. The presence of genes putatively associated with phage resistance was detected. Genes detected were associated with an abortive infection system, restriction–modification system, genes predicted to be associated with defense systems but with unknown function, and CRISPR-Cas system. Between 118 and 171 genes were found in the 18 clinical strains. On average, 26% of these genes were detected inside genomic islands in the 2000 strains and 32% in the 2010 strains. Furthermore, 38 potential CRISPR arrays in 17 of 18 of the strains were found, as well as 705 proteins associated with CRISPR-Cas systems. A moderately higher presence of these genes in the strains of 2010 in comparison with those of 2000 was found, especially those related to the restriction–modification system and CRISPR-Cas system. The presence of these genes in genomic islands at a higher rate in the strains of 2010 compared with those of 2000 was also detected. Whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics could be powerful tools to avoid drawbacks when a personalized therapy is applied. In this study, it allows us to take care of the phage resistance in A. baumannii clinical strains to prevent a failure in possible phage therapy.

El estudio de la religiosidad rural en el occidente tardoantiguo ha sido hasta ahora un tema de investigación secundario centrado bien en destacar la existencia de pervivencias paganas en ámbito rural, bien en la propagación del cristianismo desde las estructuras de poder. La intención de este artículo es abrir nuevas perspectivas de análisis que tengan en cuenta la propia idiosincrasia del mundo rural, teniendo en cuenta el espacio y la diversidad de actores que interactúan en el campo de manera dinámica, y no como receptáculos pasivos en la implantación de nuevos horizontes religiosos. Para ello, nuestra perspectiva de análisis se centra principalmente en el estudio de las motivaciones religiosas del rico espectro social del mundo rural: no solo potentes y domini, sino también pequeños propietarios, arrendatarios, jornaleros y esclavos. Al poner el foco en el dinamismo de las experiencias religiosas rurales y demostrar que el entorno afecta a la configuración de los sistemas religiosos, pretendemos enriquecer el debate incluyendo en las cuestiones que se han estudiado hasta ahora la manera en que las motivaciones y expectativas religiosas individuales – determinadas por condicionantes espaciales y por los sistemas de ordenación de las relaciones sociales articulados a partir de los sistemas de producción económica, distribución y consumo en ámbito rural – intervienen en y modifican el mapa religioso local.

Evaluating teachers' social-emotional competence is key to studying the effectiveness of education systems. This competence tends to be measured through self-reports, which might lead to a distorted vision. As an alternative, situational judgement tests have emerged. The present work seeks to adapt the Test of Regulation in and Understanding of Social Situations in Teaching (TRUST) to Spanish. The study involved 503 teachers from schools who teach in primary (n = 198, 106 female) or secondary education (n = 305, 201 female). Average age was 45.07 (SD = 9.94), and teachers had an average of 16.77 years' professional experience (SD = 10.17). In addition to responding to the TRUST, those who took part also responded to the ICQ-15, TEIQue-SF, and ERQ questionnaires. Confirmatory factor analysis provided a good fit of the two-factor model (emotional regulation and relationship management): [chi squared] (89) = 198.49, p < 0.001, CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.92, RMSEA = 0.049, 90% CI [0.040, 0.059], SRMR = 0.042, as well as reliability and convergent validity. Factorial invariance is seen to hold amongst both women and men as well as between teachers who teach at different stages of the education system. The Spanish version of TRUST emerges as a valid and reliable tool for measuring teachers' level of social-emotional competence, both in the Spanish education system at basic levels as well as with Spanish-speaking teachers from various countries, since situations are presented which are common in any type of school.

The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.

This paper analyses the meta-historical value of the martyrs’ biographies and their cult in Hispania from the 4th century to the Visigothic period. Instead of carrying on with the intense debate on the historical authenticity of the martyrs’ lives or their political instrumentalisation, my aim here is threefold. First, I describe martyrs’ relics not only as artefacts valued because of the biography of associated martyr, but also for their inherent capacity of unlimitedly adding new stories to the martyr’s narrative through the miracles attributed to his/her relic. Second, I focus on space and the symbolic significance of a landscape, in which an area ceases to be a mere geographical entity to become the scenario of the martyr’s alleged events. Finally, I explore how the memory of martyrs was used to conceptualise time at a local level and the implications of this. The new time framework made it possible to connect important contemporary experiences in an individual’s everyday life with transcendent historical time represented by the days commemorating martyrs.

Bacteriophages are important in bacterial ecology and evolution. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most prevalent bacterial pathogen in chronic bronchopulmonary infection in cystic fibrosis (CF). In this study, we used bioinformatics, microbiological and microscopy techniques to analyze the bacteriophages present in 24 P. aeruginosa isolates belonging to the international CF clone (ST274-CC274). Interestingly, we detected the presence of five members of the Inoviridae family of prophages (Pf1, Pf4, Pf5, Pf6, Pf7), which have previously been observed in P. aeruginosa. In addition, we identified a new filamentous prophage, designated Pf8, in the P. aeruginosa AUS411.500 isolate belonging to the international CF clone. We detected only one prophage, never previously described, from the family Siphoviridiae (with 66 proteins and displaying homology with PHAGE_Pseudo_phi297_NC_016762). This prophage was isolated from the P. aeruginosa AUS531 isolate carrying a new gene which is implicated in the phage infection ability, named Bacteriophage Control Infection (bci). We characterized the role of the Bci protein in bacteriophage infection and in regulating the host Quorum Sensing (QS) system, motility and biofilm and pyocyanin production in the P. aeruginosa isogenic mutant AUS531Δbci isolate. The findings may be relevant for the identification of targets in the development of new strategies to control P. aeruginosa infections, particularly in CF patients.

El propósito de este artículo es el de plantear lo inconsistente que resulta clasificar la creencia en el mal de ojo dentro de dos categorías, la de la magia y la de la superstición, a pesar de que los estudios relacionados con dicha creencia han mantenido la idea de que el mal de ojo pertenece a una u otra categoría. Los estudios realizados en los últimos años sobre los conceptos de magia y superstición obligan a replantear su utilidad como categorías para la creencia del mal de ojo.

En su artículo “Towards Interpreting Demonic Powers in Hellenistic and Roman Antiquity”, J. Z. Smith concluye destacando lo paradójico que resulta que los poderes demónicos, asociados con lo marginal, lo liminal, lo caótico, aparezcan a menudo descritos bajo un rígido orden. En este mismo ámbito se puede incluir a las criaturas de la noche, que si bien están en general asociadas a la muerte y lo destructivo, también son objeto de ordenación sistemática y diferenciaciones tipológicas. Se analizan aquí el simbolismo religioso y función mágica de la lechuza (noctua/tyto alba en la clasificación linneana), el búho real (bubo/Bubo bubo) y la fantástica estrige para destacar cómo en el mundo romano la variedad taxonómica de las rapaces nocturnas se tiene en cuenta asimismo en la esfera religiosa.

Aunque se admite en las principales definiciones de sacrificio, la destrucción de ofrendas vegetales en el fuego no suele incluirse dentro de los análisis sobre este tipo de práctica ritual: normalmente se hace énfasis en el acto violento del sacrificio animal y se deja de lado el vegetal. No obstante, este también es sensible a las dinámicas propias de la religión; el estudio de sus usos dentro del ritual del sacrificio permite apreciar las ambigüedades y constantes reelaboraciones del mismo. En este artículo se analiza el uso de especias y plantas exóticas en el sacrificio romano destacando su importancia en los procesos de cambio y continuidad, su valor simbólico y la reflexión teológica por parte de la intelectualidad romana acerca del uso de plantas y especias exóticas en el sacrificio.

Este artículo resume el plan preparado por el Ministerio de Administraciones Públicas para implantar el teletrabajo en la Administración Española. Esta actuación se enmarca dentro de las llamadas “políticas de conciliación”, que pretenden armonizar la vida familiar y laboral de los trabajadores, y se aplicó sobre un colectivo de trabajadores funcionarios, en dos experiencias piloto sucesivas. El objeto concreto de los dos planes piloto era realizar un test muestral a escala reducida para observar el ritmo de adaptación a las técnicas de teletrabajo de los diferentes colectivos y categorías de trabajadores, medir si su rendimiento diario mantenía el nivel de productividad y calidad anteriores y conocer si su vida personal y familiar había experimentado mejoras.El estudio fue realizado para la Administración Central como un Proyecto de Investigación (artículo 83 LOU) por un equipo de investigación de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid dirigido por el autor del artículo.Abstract: “The introduction of the telework in the civil service: Benefits observed in the professional and personal areas” This article studies the plan made by the Spanish Ministerio de Administraciones Públicas (Ministry of Public Administration) for the introduction of telework in the Public Administration. This plan is framed in the reconciliation policies, and their objective is to achieve a better balance between the time dedicated to the family and the time for work. It was applied over a group of government employees in two successive pilot experiences. The objective of these two pilot experiences was to apply an area test on a reduced scale to observe the adaptation to the techniques of telework in the different groups and categories of workers, and measure if their work maintained the level of productivity and the quality before that and to know if their personal and familiar life had experienced improvements. This study was done for the Spanish Administration by a team of the Universidad Complutense de Madrid directed by the author of this article.

Se revisan en este artículo las tendencias interpretativas que ha habido en los estudios sobre magia en la Península Ibérica en las últimas décadas. Si bien hubo un interés germinal en estas cuestiones durante los años 60, la atención hacia las cuestiones relacionadas con la magia en Hispania eclosionó en los años 80. Aún hay cierta tendencia a plantear la magia como una forma de religiosidad popular o como una forma de enfrentamiento al orden establecido pero, en términos generales, la interpretación de las fuentes está siguiendo caminos similares al panorama internacional, marcado desde los años 90 por la ruptura de la diferenciación tacita entre magia y religión.

Advances in neuro-technology provide new insights into how individual students learn in educational contexts. However, applying it poses challenges for teachers in natural settings. This paper presents an example of the use and applicability of eye-tracking technology in Higher Education. We worked with a sample of 20 students from three universities (Burgos and Valladolid in Spain and Miño in Portugal). The objectives were: (1) to determine whether there were significant differences in indicators of cognitive effort (FC, FD, SC, PD, VC) found with eye-tracking technology between students with and without prior knowledge; (2) to determine whether there were clusters of learning behavior patterns among students; and (3) to analyze differences in the visualization of behavior patterns. A quasi-experimental design without a control group and a descriptive design were used. The results indicated significant differences in learning outcomes between students with and without prior knowledge. In addition, two clusters were found in indicators of cognitive effort. Finally, a comparative analysis of learning behavior patterns between students in cluster 1 vs. cluster 2 was performed. Eye-tracking technology makes it possible to record large data about the learning process. However, using it in natural educational settings currently requires teachers to have technological and data mining skills.

The Simons Observatory (SO), due to start full science operations in early 2025, aims to set tight constraints on inflationary physics by inferring the tensor-to-scalar ratio r from measurements of cosmic microwave background (CMB) polarization B-modes. Its nominal design including three small-aperture telescopes (SATs) targets a precision σ(r=0)≤0.003 without delensing. Achieving this goal and further reducing uncertainties requires a thorough understanding and mitigation of other large-scale B-mode sources such as Galactic foregrounds and weak gravitational lensing. We present an analysis pipeline aiming to estimate r by including delensing within a cross-spectral likelihood, and demonstrate it for the first time on SO-like simulations accounting for various levels of foreground complexity, inhomogeneous noise and partial sky coverage. As introduced in an earlier SO delensing paper, lensing B-modes are synthesized using internal CMB lensing reconstructions as well as -like cosmic infrared background maps and LSST-like galaxy density maps. We then extend SO’s power-spectrum-based foreground-cleaning algorithm to include all auto- and cross-spectra between the lensing template and the SAT B-modes in the likelihood function. This allows us to constrain r and the parameters of our foreground model simultaneously. Within this framework, we demonstrate the equivalence of map-based and cross-spectral delensing and use it to motivate an optimized pixel-weighting scheme for power spectrum estimation. We start by validating our pipeline in the simplistic case of uniform foreground spectral energy distributions. In the absence of primordial B-modes, we find that the 1σ statistical uncertainty on r, σ(r), decreases by 37% as a result of delensing. Tensor modes at the level of r=0.01 are successfully detected by our pipeline. Even when using more realistic foreground models including spatial variations in the dust and synchrotron spectral properties, we obtain unbiased estimates of r both with and without delensing by employing the moment-expansion method. In this case, uncertainties are increased due to the higher number of model parameters, and delensing-related improvements range between 27% and 31%. These results constitute the first realistic assessment of the delensing performance at SO’s nominal sensitivity level. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human pathogen that worsens the prognosis of many immunocompromised patients. Here, we annotated and compared the genomes of two lytic phages that infect clinical strains of K. pneumoniae (vB_KpnM-VAC13 and vB_KpnM-VAC66) and phenotypically characterized vB_KpnM-VAC66 (time of adsorption of 12 min, burst size of 31.49 ± 0.61 PFU/infected cell, and a host range of 20.8% of the tested strains). Transmission electronic microscopy showed that vB_KpnM-VAC66 belongs to the Myoviridae family. The genomic analysis of the phage vB_KpnM-VAC66 revealed that its genome encoded 289 proteins. When compared to the genome of vB_KpnM-VAC13, they showed a nucleotide similarity of 97.56%, with a 93% of query cover, and the phylogenetic study performed with other Tevenvirinae phages showed a close common ancestor. However, there were 21 coding sequences which differed. Interestingly, the main differences were that vB_KpnM-VAC66 encoded 10 more homing endonucleases than vB_KpnM-VAC13, and that the nucleotidic and amino-acid sequences of the L-shaped tail fiber protein were highly dissimilar, leading to different three-dimensional protein predictions. Both phages differed significantly in their host range. These viruses may be useful in the development of alternative therapies to antibiotics or as a co-therapy increasing its antimicrobial potential, especially when addressing multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens.

Quorum sensing (QS) is a communication mechanism between bacteria that allows specific processes to be controlled, such as biofilm formation, virulence factor expression, production of secondary metabolites and stress adaptation mechanisms such as bacterial competition systems including secretion systems (SS). These SS have an important role in bacterial communication. SS are ubiquitous; they are present in both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria and in Mycobacterium sp. To date, 8 types of SS have been described (T1SS, T2SS, T3SS, T4SS, T5SS, T6SS, T7SS, and T9SS). They have global functions such as the transport of proteases, lipases, adhesins, heme-binding proteins, and amidases, and specific functions such as the synthesis of proteins in host cells, adaptation to the environment, the secretion of effectors to establish an infectious niche, transfer, absorption and release of DNA, translocation of effector proteins or DNA and autotransporter secretion. All of these functions can contribute to virulence and pathogenesis. In this review, we describe the known types of SS and discuss the ones that have been shown to be regulated by QS. Due to the large amount of information about this topic in some pathogens, we focus mainly on Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio spp.

En la actual sociedad líquida, donde las imágenes percibidas cuentan más que la realidad misma y una gestión adecuada de los valores intangibles puede incrementar de forma exponencial el valor de los bienes y servicios, estamos viviendo el desarrollo de la denominada “marca ciudad”. Esta parece la manera más eficaz de construir la reputación pública de las ciudades para atraer a turistas y viajeros, así como actividades comerciales y otras de interés social. Bogotá es una de las principales cartas de presentación de Colombia ante el mundo y una de la urbes emergentes en el mundo latinoamericano. Por ello nos pareció interesante estudiar de qué manera los medios de comunicación y las informaciones e imágenes transmitidos por ellos están afectando las percepciones de los turista y viajeros atraídos por esta ciudad. Así, este estudio ha tenido como objetivo indagar sobre las opiniones que los extranjeros tienen acerca de Bogotá y la recordación de los contenidos mediáticos asociados a su percepción como ciudad. Para ello, se utilizó una metodología cuantitativa con un diseño exploratorio-descriptivo, mediante encuestas estructuradas, realizadas a mediados de 2018. Los hallazgos muestran opiniones positivas respecto a la ciudad en factores clave aunque algunos son susceptibles de mejora, como señala la presente investigación.

It is commonplace in cosmology to analyze fields projected onto the celestial sphere, and in particular density fields that are defined by a set of points e.g. galaxies. When performing an harmonic-space analysis of such data (e.g. an angular power spectrum) using a pixelized map one has to deal with aliasing of small-scale power and pixel window functions. We compare and contrast the approaches to this problem taken in the cosmic microwave background and large-scale structure communities, and advocate for a direct approach that avoids pixelization. We describe a method for performing a pseudo-spectrum analysis of a galaxy data set and show that it can be implemented efficiently using well-known algorithms for special functions that are suited to acceleration by graphics processing units (GPUs). The method returns the same spectra as the more traditional map-based approach if in the latter the number of pixels is taken to be sufficiently large and the mask is well sampled. The method is readily generalizable to cross-spectra and higher-order functions. It also provides a convenient route for distributing the information in a galaxy catalog directly in harmonic space, as a complement to releasing the configuration-space positions and weights, and a route to spectral apodization. We make public a code enabling the application of our method to existing and upcoming datasets.

Do young children think that plants deserve morally-based respect or, on the contrary, do they feel that respect for plant life is nothing more than another behavioural norm similar to, for instance, one that states that you should not pick your nose in public? This study examines how dilemmas involving environmental, moral and socio-conventional situations are comprehended in early childhood so as to investigate the issue of whether young children attach a significant degree of severity to transgressions against plant life in comparison with disregarding socially accepted rules. Additionally, young children’s judgements are put into perspective alongside their understanding of the concept of living things in order to shed light on the role that grasping essential biological notions might play in the emergence of young children’s assessments of actions that pose a threat to the environment. The sample of the study consists of 328 children (162 girls and 166 boys) who attend Early Years Education or Primary Education and the data examined comes from the individual interviews conducted with the children. The results are discussed in connection with the current understanding of the source of ethical judgements which emphasises the importance that emotions seem to play in the construction of moral thinking.

This article analyzes the self-concept about digital competence in university professors of Sciences, Health Sciences and Engineering and the impact that the COVID-19 pandemic has had on the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) use habits of professors in these areas. For this purpose, a survey designed by the authors was completed by 340 university professors in the aforementioned areas. Based on the answers obtained from this survey, a descriptive quantitative analysis of the assessments of the self-concept of digital competence and training of the participants, of the didactic use of ICT and the frequency of their use before and after the pandemic has been carried out. The results showed that the digital competence of the professors is intermediate, but their training is valued as low, especially in Sciences and Health Sciences. The assessment of ICT is very good. The pandemic has caused a generalized increase in the use of ICT, mainly in Health Sciences, which is the area in which university students were most reluctant to use them. In addition, a gender gap which did not exist before the pandemic has been generated favoring females in the use of ICT in Science and Engineering. An age-based digital gap that existed before the pandemic has also been corrected in Health Sciences.