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This community service activity aims to increase the political and civil literacy of novice voters in preparation for the 2024 Simultaneous Elections in Indonesia. The targets of this community service activity are school students or youth who are at least 17 years old in the year the 2024 Simultaneous Election will be held. Youth were chosen as the main target because they are a group with a large proportion in the 2024 election contestation which will determine the future of democracy. As new voters, they need preparation and a deep understanding of how to participate in the political process effectively to determine the direction and policies of government. For this reason, the Public Administration Department of Universitas Airlangga will partner with the East Java Provincial Education Office which will later provide guidance to the SMAN 1 Giri, Banyuwangi Regency to hold a community service program at the school. Community service activities will involve understanding the political system, democratic processes, political issues, and the importance of active political participation. Activities will be carried out through three main stages: preparation, implementation and evaluation. The preparatory stage involves collecting and compiling relevant political and civic literacy materials. Next, the implementation stage will involve counseling, workshops and group discussions to provide in-depth understanding to novice voters. The evaluation stage will be carried out to measure the effectiveness of the program and obtain feedback from participants. It is hoped that this activity will provide a fundamental contribution in increasing the political and civil literacy of novice voters. With a better understanding of the political system, first-time voters will be able to make good political decisions, participate actively in the political process, and critically evaluate the information they receive.

Plant stress detection is crucial for enhancing crop yield, particularly in the face of climate change. Cold stress significantly affects photosynthetic activity and pigment composition in soybean (a C3 plant) and maize (a C4 plant), underscoring the need to identify stress signals before irreversible damage occurs. This study used portable spectrometers to non-destructively detect the early signs of cold stress-related processes in these crops. The spectral reflectance indices were measured to identify crop-specific stress responses. According to the results, pigment-based indices have better potential for crop-specific stress detection than general stress response indices. The normalized phaeophytinization index (NPQI) and normalized pigment chlorophyll index (NPCI) exhibited diverse responses in C4 maize compared to C3 soybean, indicating the potential for discerning stress-induced changes in chlorophyll and other pigment contents. The photochemical reflectance index (PRI), modified to specific wavelengths, emerged as a crucial tool for stress detection in both crops, showing strong correlations with photosynthetic parameters and biomass traits. Specifically, the strongest correlation was found between PRI(525, 570) and fresh mass in maize and PRI(555, 570) and fresh mass in soybean. This approach underscores the importance of advanced spectral techniques in understanding and improving crop responses to cold stress, highlighting their potential for precision agriculture.

Peroxidases are essential elements in many biotechnological applications. An especially interesting concept involves split enzymes, where the enzyme is separated into two smaller and inactive proteins that can dimerize into a fully active enzyme. Such split forms were developed for the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) already. Both peroxidases have a high potential for biotechnology applications. In the present study, we performed biophysical comparisons of these two peroxidases and their split analogues. The active site availability is similar for all four structures. The split enzymes are comparable in stability with their native analogues, meaning that they can be used for further biotechnology applications. Also, the tertiary structures of the two peroxidases are similar. However, differences that might help in choosing one system over another for biotechnology applications were noticed. The main difference between the two systems is glycosylation which is not present in the case of APX/sAPEX2, while it has a high impact on the HRP/sHRP stability. Further differences are calcium ions and cysteine bridges that are present only in the case of HRP/sHRP. Finally, computational results identified sAPEX2 as the systems with the smallest structural variations during molecular dynamics simulations showing its dominant stability comparing to other simulated proteins. Taken all together, the sAPEX2 system has a high potential for biotechnological applications due to the lack of glycans and cysteines, as well as due to high stability.

Abstract Robust object detection is crucial for automating underwater marine debris collection. While supervised deep learning achieves state-of-the-art performance in discriminative tasks, replicating this success on underwater data is challenging. The generalization of these methods suffers due to a lack of available annotated data considering different sources of variation in the unstructured underwater environment and imaging conditions. In this paper, we present the Seaclear Marine Debris Dataset, the first publicly available shallow-water marine debris dataset annotated for instance segmentation/object detection. The dataset contains 8610 images collected using ROVs at multiple locations and with different cameras, annotated for 40 object categories, encompassing not only litter but also observed animals, plants, and robot parts. As part of the technical validation, we provide baseline results for object detection using Faster RCNN and YOLOv6 models. Furthermore, we demonstrate the non-triviality of generalizing the trained model performance to unseen sites and cameras due to domain shift. This underscores the value of the presented dataset in further developing robust models for underwater debris detection.

The aim of this paper is to determine the interdependence between allocations to culture and the satisfaction of citizens with the programme content of theatres in the city of Rijeka, the 2020 European Capital of Culture. Of the ten hypotheses formulated in the paper, five are accepted and five, rejected. This study has applied several scientific methods, in particular the methods of descriptive and inferential statistics (correlation analysis, t-test, ANOVA). The principle finding of this paper indicates that the level of satisfaction of Rijeka's citizens with allocations to culture, sports and social activities and, consequently, with allocations to theatres, is low. The satisfaction of citizens with the theatres' programme contents is statistically more significantly determined by demographic variables than by satisfaction with allocations to culture, sport and social activities.

The signing of the Paris Agreement represents a consensus on limiting the increase of the average global temperature compared to the preindustrial period. The European Union has set an ambitious goal of achieving climate neutrality by 2050. By 2030, the European Commission's REPowerEU plan aims to accelerate the processes of increasing the share of renewable energy sources, improving energy efficiency, reducing energy use, and, at the same time, diversifying energy sources and increasing electricity connectivity between member states.In order to achieve the stated goals, future energy systems will be based on renewable energy sources, which are characterized by production variability. Such systems require flexibilization technologies that ensure security and stability of supply. In this study, an analysis of how different fuel and technology costs, as well as policy targets, influence the pace of the energy transition dynamic was made on the case study of Croatia, as there was no such previous investigation. Therefore, the goal of the research is to identify the most prominent driver to achieve energy transition targets in Croatia, with an emphasis on the required flexibilization technologies. The investigation has been implemented in the energy planning tool H2RES, a detailed open-source long-term optimization model in a five-year step model based on scenario analysis of different RES and CO2 targets, technology costs, and fuel prices. The results reveal a need for an ambitious energy policy if the goal is to achieve full energy system decarbonization. Currently, high carbon prices and lower technology costs won't be enough to lead the energy transition, without legislative support.

This research delves into the factors influencing the adoption of ChatGPT, a sophisticated AI-based chatbot, among Generation Z members in Croatia. Employing an extended UTAUT2 model, the impact of various factors on the behavioral intention to use ChatGPT is explored. The study included 694 Generation Z participants, and data were collected through an online survey featuring self-reporting questions. The analysis utilized statistical software packages for performing both confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses, in addition to hierarchical linear regression. Key findings reveal that performance expectancy, social influence, hedonic motivation, habit, and personal innovativeness significantly influence the behavioral intention to use ChatGPT. However, effort expectancy, facilitating conditions, and price value do not exhibit a significant impact. Notably, the study excludes the use behavior factor due to multicollinearity issues with behavioral intention. While the research does not focus on moderating factors, it reports that the adapted UTAUT2 model explains 65% of the variance in the adoption of ChatGPT by Generation Z users.

Abstract Background Autonomic nervous system (ANS) testing has aided in our ability to evaluate autonomic dysfunction in migraine patients. We reviewed the literature in multiple databases which investigate ANS function in migraine patients and healthy subjects. Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the respective deep breathing, Valsalva manoeuvre, orthostatic and isometric challenge results, using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statements. Results Seven articles met all inclusion criteria. Fixed-effects meta-analysis showed migraine patients (n = 424), collectively, had lower interictal autonomic test results compared with healthy controls (n = 268). In detail, this was true for the standardized mean difference (g) of deep breathing (g= -0.32; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.48, -0.16), orthostatic challenge (g= -0.28; 95% CI -0.44, -0.13) and isometric challenge (g= -0.55; 95% CI -0.71, -0.39) and for the difference of means (MD) of the Valsalva ratio (MD = -0.17; 95% CI -0.23, -0.10). Conclusions Interictal ANS dysfunction can be identified in migraine patients when compared to healthy controls. These findings indicate the importance to evaluate ANS function in migraine patients - especially, as migraine-specific prophylactic therapies (such as anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) antibodies) may affect the function of the ANS.

Tetralogy of Fallot is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease. This severe disorder of cardiac physiology can impair renal function and lead to the development of cardiorenal syndrome and eventually to end-stage renal disease. Kidney transplantation may be the best option for renal replacement treatment in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, but only after correcting cardiac abnormalities and optimizing cardiac functions, all of which require a multidisciplinary approach. We report the first case of kidney transplantation in an adolescent patient with tetralogy of Fallot. Our findings confirms that kidney transplantation is a valuable treatment option in selected congenital heart disease cases.

Calibration of low-cost humidity sensors such as the HTS221TR is critical for accurate measurements, especially in smart devices. This study compares two calibration methods: machine learning (PyTorchNeural Network regression model) and optimization algorithm with Engineering Equation Solver. The critical role of temperature in humidity measurement emphasizes that it must be included for a valid calibration. The machine learning approach significantly reduced the average deviation of humidity, reaching ±2,5% compared to the original ±13,4%. Additionally, it aligned mean values along the identity line. However, the performance of the model varied across the different humidity ranges. Applying the model to real-world scenarios showed that the model underestimates humidity, likely due to the sensor's inherent tendency to overestimate humidity, especially at higher temperatures. Despite these challenges, both calibration methods offer simple and effective approaches for correcting low-cost sensor measurements, with machine learning enabling faster processing. This study not only improves the accuracy of the HTS221TR sensor, but also paves the way for more accurate and affordable humidity measurement technologies in general.

The accuracy of guiding a spindle is greatly influenced by the thermal load of the bearing. Increased thermal load implies deformation of the bearing parts which is directly reflected in the work quality of the machine system. For this reason, the aim of this paper is to analyse the influence of the material and the geometry of the housing on the temperature field of the threaded spindle bearing assembly, which was realised by "radially mounting" of axial angular contact ball bearing ZKLN. This paper represents a new approach for thermal analysis of the special bearings, type ZKLN which are not involved in the relevant standards for the determination of the reference speed. At the same time the value of this paper finds itself in finding of the guideline at engineering practice which is very important at early design phase of the systems with threaded spindle. The analysis was carried out using experimental and numerical methods. Combination of the mentioned methods gave result which was used to define appropriate guideline regarding influence of housing material and geometry on thermal stability of the ZKLN bearing.

The effect of turmeric powder and a mix of turmeric powder and black pepper on the physicochemical properties of ice cream samples was examined. Enriched ice creams were manufactured by adding turmeric powder at levels of 0.5 %, 1.0 % and 2.0 %, with or without 0.02 % black pepper and compared with the control ice cream sample. Samples were analysed for proximate composition, pH value, water activity (aw), rheological properties, overrun, fat destabilization, hardness, melting properties, and colour parameters. The results of the study showed that the addition of spices significantly increased pH values (from 6.66 to 6.73), total solids (from 36.43 to 37.53 %), and carbohydrate contents (from 21.47 to 22.53 %) of the samples. Furthermore, this enrichment leads to an increase in the viscosity (from 0.44 to 0.70 Pa s) and thixotropic behaviours of ice cream mixes. Enriched ice creams had higher air incorporation, lower fat destabilization degree, and softer texture. In terms of melting properties, the melting resistance of ice cream samples was enhanced with the addition of spices. The colour properties of ice creams were significantly (p

This study aims to analyze and identify the strengths and interests of state actors and non-state actors in the revitalization of residents’ houses in the riverside area of Banjarmasin City from the perspective of Collaborative Governance. This study used a qualitative approach by collecting data through observation, in-depth analysis, and document analysis. The findings of this study explain that collaborative governance is an alternative to public policy as an interactive process involving state and non-state actors autonomously who use shared rules and norms carried out collectively to solve societal problems. Collaboration involving actors in power with interests in decision-making might fail during its implementation. This research contributes to the scientific literature on interactions between actors and collaborative governance because the problems faced by the public are fought for, and collaborative governance implementation cannot be separated from the presence of actors involved in advocating for issues of public concern.

In the 1980s, in parallel to the decline of large-scale planning, a local critique of modernist urbanism came to dominate the planning discourse in Zagreb, one that sought to implement strategies of urban regeneration on the omnipresent strata of persisting agricultural lots, and would soon be inscribed as the guiding ethos in the last socialist general plan. Concentrating their efforts on the central area of Trnje, then littered with scattered zones of informal construction that had hitherto resisted generation after generation of ambitious plans to convert it into a central representative and commercial part of Zagreb, local urban planners gradually formulated an innovative system of urban renewal that would enable its programmatic and morphological integration with the historic city. Breaking with the already exhausted expansionist strategy of large-scale greenfield planning, they strove to direct the future development of the city towards the densification and improvement of urban quality for previously “skipped-over” areas, with a newly found appreciation for the idiosyncrasies and complexities of the existing agricultural morphologies and heterogeneous buildings. The peculiar and deliberate choice of this kind of underlying urban strata as the basis of process-based urban renewal to harness the potential of both commercial and private actors promised a pronouncedly different urban outcome than the tabula rasa approach deployed at the apex of modernist urban planning only a decade earlier. However, the complex gestation process of required executive documents, the failure to create sufficient mechanisms of control, and the subsequent ascension of private ownership as the dominant spatial value all helped to usher in a period of frantic individual construction, signalling an abrupt end of this experiment. Rather than mere manifestations of capitalist transition, these processes will be framed as unintended echoes of the paradigm shift within the plans themselves.

Aim: Polyurethane-based aligners, created through photoinitiated free-radical polymerization, have been the subject of numerous studies focusing solely on their mechanical properties. In contrast, we investigate their thermomechanical properties, which are crucial for their efficacy. This paper aims to investigate the effects of different UV light exposure durations on the complex modulus of elasticity, tan delta, glass transition temperature, and the degree of conversion (DC). Methods: Aligners were printed using Tera Harz TC-85 and NextDent Ortho Flex resin with specific exposure times (2, 2.4, 3, 4, and 4.5 s for Tera Harz; 5, 6, 7, and 8 s for NextDent) and processed per manufacturer guidelines. The degree of conversion was analyzed using Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, while Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) characterized the mechanical properties (complex modulus and tan delta) and the glass transition. Results: Tera Harz TC-85 showed a higher degree of conversion (90.29–94.54%), suggesting fewer residual monomers, which is potentially healthier for patients. However, its lower glass transition temperature (35.60–38.74 °C) might cause it to become rubbery in the mouth. NextDent Orto Flex, with a higher storage modulus (641.85–794.55 MPa) and Tg (49.36–50.98 °C), offers greater rigidity and stability at higher temperatures (greater than temperature in the oral cavity), ideal for orthodontic forces, though its lower degree of conversion raises health concerns. Conclusions: Tera Harz TC 85 generally achieves higher DC and more stable polymerization across different UV exposure times than NextDent Orto Flex. Optimal polymerization times significantly impact both the mechanical and thermal properties of these dental resins, with NextDent showing optimal properties at 7 s and Tera Harz benefiting from both very short and extended exposure times.

The chemical and sensory properties of corn extrudates enriched with spray-dried tomato powder (TP) in 4, 6 and 8% ratios were researched. Two extrusion temperature regimes were used: 135/170/170 °C (E1) and 100/150/150 °C (E2). Ascorbic acid (AA) at levels of 0.5 and 1% was also added to the raw mixtures in order to prevent the undesirable oxidation of the constituents, primarily carotenoids. AA was especially efficient in the case of the lutein content and 1% AA, but lutein originating from TP was more sensitive to the extrusion conditions than corn lutein, and zeaxanthin was more sensitive than lutein. Lycopene, α-carotene, 13-cis-β carotene and 9-cis-β carotene degraded completely in all the samples, at both extrusion regimes. The proposed models for the color of the extrudates showed the significant influence of TP and AA. Extrudates obtained at the E1 temperature regime containing 4% TP and pure corn extrudate with 1% AA were the best-rated samples by the sensory panel.

Postupkom hladnog prešanja iz sjemenki lana i jezgre lješnjaka proizvodi se jestivo ulje visoke nutritivne vrijednosti. U ovom radu istraživan je utjecaj dodatka antioksidanasa (prirodni, sintetski) i sinergista na oksidacijsku stabilnost mješavine lješnjakovog i lanenog ulja (50:50). Od prirodnih antioksidanasa korišteni su ekstrakt kadulje, ekstrakt ružmarina, ekstrakt nara, mješavina tokoferola, eterično ulje konopljike, lavande, slatkog pelina, divlje mrkve, smilja, a od sintetskih propil galat. Određivanje oksidacijske stabilnosti mješavine ulja te utjecaj dodatka antioksidansa i sinergista provedeno je testom ubrzane oksidacije ulja Schaal Oven testom. Rezultat oksidacije mješavine ulja izražen je peroksidnim brojem. Primjenom standardnih metoda u ulju su određeni osnovni parametri kvalitete (peroksidni broj, slobodne masne kiseline, voda, netopljive nečistoće). Rezultati ispitivanja pokazuju da ekstrakt ružmarina (sa i bez limunske kiseline) efikasnije štiti mješavinu ulja od oksidacijskog kvarenja u odnosu na druge ispitivane antioksidanse. Eterično ulje slatkog pelina ne pokazuje utjecaj na stabilizaciju ove mješavine ulja.

Elodea canadensis Michx. (common waterweed) and Elodea nuttallii (Planch.) H. St. John (Nuttall’s waterweed), two invasive aquatic plants from North America, have coexisted in European water bodies since the early 20th century. New localities for both species in Croatia continued to be discovered during a study that ran from 2016 to 2023 as a part of the annual implementation of Water Framework Directive monitoring that covered the entire territory of Croatia (786 sampling points in total). Based on these data, the distribution and ecology of both species were analysed. Elodea canadensis was found at 30 sampling points, mostly in rivers, and E. nuttallii at 15 sampling points, mostly in artificial canals. Nearly three-quarters (72.5%) of all elodea sampling points were in the Pannonian Ecoregion. Elodea canadensis was discovered for the first time in the Continental—Dinaric and Mediterranean—Dinaric Subecoregions. To study the ecology of the species, for each sampling point, vegetation relevés were performed and monthly measurements of physico-chemical parameters were collected. The most common accompanying species for both elodeas are presented, and the difference in species assemblages between the sites with E. canadensis and E. nuttallii was confirmed with the ANOSIM test. Furthermore, Indicator Species Analysis revealed eight species characteristic of E. canadensis sites and eleven species characteristic of E. nuttallii sites. Fitting multivariate models (CCA and NPMR) to species abundance revealed the ecological reaction of E. canadensis and E. nuttallii to environmental descriptors. The most strongly contributing environmental descriptors that influence the distribution of both Elodea species are biochemical oxygen demand, electrical conductivity and total phosphorus. In Croatia, the replacement of E. canadensis with E. nuttallii was observed in several water bodies with high nutrient loads.

Recent biomarker innovations hold potential for transforming diagnosis, prognostic modeling, and precision therapeutic targeting of traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, many biomarkers, including brain imaging, genomics, and proteomics, involve vast quantities of high-throughput and high-content data. Management, curation, analysis, and evidence synthesis of these data are not trivial tasks. In this review, we discuss data management concepts and statistical and data sharing strategies when dealing with biomarker data in the context of TBI research. We propose that application of biomarkers involves three distinct steps-discovery, evaluation, and evidence synthesis. First, complex/big data has to be reduced to useful data elements at the stage of biomarker discovery. Second, inferential statistical approaches must be applied to these biomarker data elements for assessment of biomarker clinical utility and validity. Last, synthesis of relevant research is required to support practice guidelines and enable health decisions informed by the highest quality, up-to-date evidence available. We focus our discussion around recent experiences from the International Traumatic Brain Injury Research (InTBIR) initiative, with a specific focus on four major clinical projects (Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI, Collaborative European NeuroTrauma Effectiveness Research in TBI, Collaborative Research on Acute Traumatic Brain Injury in Intensive Care Medicine in Europe, and Approaches and Decisions in Acute Pediatric TBI Trial), which are currently enrolling subjects in North America and Europe. We discuss common data elements, data collection efforts, data-sharing opportunities, and challenges, as well as examine the statistical techniques required to realize successful adoption and use of biomarkers in the clinic as a foundation for precision medicine in TBI.

Abstract Southeast Europe (SEE) is a very important maize-growing region, comparable to the Corn belt region of the United States, with similar dent germplasm (dent by dent hybrids). Historically, this region has undergone several genetic material swaps, following the trends in the US, with one of the most significant swaps related to US aid programs after WWII. The imported accessions used to make double-cross hybrids were also mixed with previously adapted germplasm originating from several more distant OPVs, supporting the transition to single cross-breeding. Many of these materials were deposited at the Maize Gene Bank of the Maize Research Institute Zemun Polje (MRIZP) between the 1960s and 1980s. A part of this Gene Bank (572 inbreds) was genotyped with Affymetrix Axiom Maize Genotyping Array with 616,201 polymorphic variants. Data were merged with two other genotyping datasets with mostly European flint (TUM dataset) and dent (DROPS dataset) germplasm. The final pan-European dataset consisted of 974 inbreds and 460,243 markers. Admixture analysis showed seven ancestral populations representing European flint, B73/B14, Lancaster, B37, Wf9/Oh07, A374, and Iodent pools. Subpanel of inbreds with SEE origin showed a lack of Iodent germplasm, marking its historical context. Several signatures of selection were identified at chromosomes 1, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, and 10. The regions under selection were mined for protein-coding genes and were used for gene ontology (GO) analysis, showing a highly significant overrepresentation of genes involved in response to stress. Our results suggest the accumulation of favorable allelic diversity, especially in the context of changing climate in the genetic resources of SEE.

Conclusions and Importance: Although very rarely, pathological changes in the uvea may indicate a metastatic occurrence that needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis. It is important to undergo a wide ophthalmological examination, which in this case included a standardized A-scan echography and UBM, which confirmed the suspicion of a tumor lesion, followed by cooperation with other medical professionals in order to discover a primary diagnosis.

Freshwater wetlands and their biodiversity have suffered substantial losses globally, mainly due to the drainage of wetlands for agriculture. Recent studies suggest that small drainage and/or irrigation canals established in lowland areas can function both as partial replacement of wetlands lost and as biodiversity hotspots in agricultural landscapes. However, small canals are usually not protected or managed for biodiversity. We studied whether and how the timing of reed management (removal in winter, in spring, no removal) on small canals affects nest site selection and breeding success in Great Reed Warblers, Acrocephalus arundinaceus, a flagship species of small canals in an intensive agricultural landscape in a five-year quasi-experiment. We found significantly more nests in winter-managed than in non-managed canal sections and hardly any in spring-managed sections. The number of nests also increased with the proportion of reed removed and with reed density. Breeding success measured as the probability of fledging chicks was positively influenced by reed density only and was not affected by management type, nesting height, water depth and water level fluctuation. Reed density had a central role as it mediated the effect of management both on nest site selection and breeding success, likely through better concealment of the nests from predators. Our results suggest that winter management should be favored as much as possible in the conservation of Great Reed Warblers and other reed-nesting passerines, whereas spring management should be avoided as it results in a complete lack of reed or poorly grown reed unsuitable for nest-building by the start of the breeding season. Our study draws attention to the importance of proper management of small canals that can serve as local hotspots of biodiversity in heavily human-modified landscapes, and which thus deserve more conservation attention than they currently have.

The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of cold storage at 2 °C for 180 days on water content, total acids, reducing and total sugar, antioxidant activity, polyphenol oxidase activity, and polyphenol profile of three Croatian traditional apple cultivars (‘Kanadska Reneta’, ‘Ilzer Rosenapfel’, ‘Wagener’). A significant variation in polyphenol profile of apple cultivars under investigation was noted. The most represented polyphenols in all apple cultivars were procyanidin B2 followed by chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and phloridzin. After storage, the content of procyanidin B2 and chlorogenic acid was higher, while content of epigallocatechin after storage was lower in all investigated apple cultivars. Water content before storage ranged between 79.17 and 80.76 %, and after storage between 75.62 and 78.56 %. Total acids, polyphenol oxidase activity, and flavonoids had decreased during storage, while reducing and total sugar content was higher after storage. Moreover, after storage, cultivar ‘Kanadska Reneta’ had the highest antioxidant activity measured by both ABTS and DPPH methods, 1.65 and 0.70 mmol trolox kg–1, respectively. A significant variation in polyphenol profile of apple cultivars under investigation was noted. The most represented polyphenols in all apple cultivars were procyanidin B2, followed by chlorogenic acid, epigallocatechin, epicatechin, and phloridzin. After storage, the content of procyanidin B2 and chlorogenic acid was higher, while content of epigallocatechin after storage was lower in all investigated apple cultivars. Overall, it can be concluded that investigated apple cultivars, after storage, preserved most of the antioxidants and functional properties.

Indonesia has a significant problem with iron deficiency or anemia in pregnant women. Therefore, alternatives to iron supplementation are needed to prevent iron nutritional anemia. The study aimed to assess the organoleptic acceptance and nutritional value (proximate test, Fe and Energy) of moringa brownie cake substituted with tempeh flour. The research design used a Randomized Control Trial (RCT) design with five replications. Brownies and organoleptic tests were made at the Nutrition Laboratory of the Tanjungkarang Health Polytechnic. Proximate, iron, and energy tests were conducted at the POLINELA Agricultural Technology Laboratory in 2021. Moringa leaves were added to the brownies. There are five treatments with different compositions in brownies, namely 100%:0 (F1), 85%:15 (F2), 75%:25 (F3), 65%:35 (F4), and 55%:45 (F5). Data processing was done organoleptically. Data analysis used the ANOVA test and DMRT test. The results showed that the best and most preferred brownie cake was in formula F3 (p= 0,007) with a 75% wheat flour ratio: 25% tempeh flour. The best brownie cake has a nutritional content of 21,08% water; 23,41% fat; 5,53% protein; 1,15% ash; 1,17% crude fiber, and 49.64% carbohydrates, Fe value of 10.2 mg, an energy value of 492 kcal/100g. In conclusion, substituting tempeh flour affects the organoleptic test of various moringa brownies. The best moringa brownie cake was obtained in formulation F3.

To improve the nutritional value of bread, as well as to satisfy consumers whose awareness of the importance of nutrition to preserve health is growing significantly, it is desirable to enrich bread and bakery products with functional components. Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.) is an evergreen tree that is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and belongs to the legumes group. As carob pulp contains a unique combination of polyphenolic compounds and dietary fibre, it can be a useful raw material for the production of enriched bakery products. In this work, the possibility of applying carob extract as a potential natural preservative and functional additive in the production of bread was investigated. With this aim, 0.5, 1.5, 2.5 and 3.5% of powdered carob extract (CP) were added to bread dough and the quality characteristics of the bread were examined. The microbiological quality of bread was significantly better in samples with the addition of CP, which was confirmed by the lower values of the total number of bacteria and the absence of the Bacillus cereus. The addition of up to 3.5% carob extract had no negative effect on the sensory quality of the bread. The brightness of the bread samples decreased (L*), while the proportion of the red tone (a*) increased, and the intensity of the yellow tone (b*) decreased with an increase in the proportion of CP. The amount of total phenols (0.27 mg GAE/g) for the sample with 3.5% CP in bread was significantly higher compared to the control sample (0.12 mg GAE/g). The total antioxidant activity also increased significantly with the increase in the proportion of CP. Therefore, the present study proves that powdered carob extract can be successfully included in the production of a healthy functional food.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of cold stress and priming on photosynthesis in the early development of maize and soybean, crops with diverse photosynthetic pathways. The main objectives were to determine the effect of cold stress on chlorophyll a fluorescence parameters and spectral reflectance indices, to determine the effect of cold stress priming and possible stress memory and to determine the relationship between different parameters used in determining the stress response. Fourteen maize inbred lines and twelve soybean cultivars were subjected to control, cold stress, and priming followed by cold stress in a walk-in growth chamber. Measurements were conducted using a portable fluorometer and a handheld reflectance instrument. Cold stress induced an overall downregulation of PSII-related specific energy fluxes and efficiencies, the inactivation of RCs resulting in higher energy dissipation, and electron transport chain impairment in both crops. Spectral reflectance indices suggested cold stress resulted in pigment differences between crops. The effect of priming was more pronounced in maize than in soybean with mostly a cumulatively negative effect. However, priming stabilized the electron trapping efficiency and upregulated the electron transfer system in maize, indicating an adaptive response. Overall, this comprehensive analysis provides insights into the complex physiological responses of maize and soybean to cold stress, emphasizing the need for further genotype-specific cold stress response and priming effect research.