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Research was carried out at the experimental installation defined by the 2 MW furnace pilot from the Politehnica University of Bucharest and ICEMENRG institute who was involved for measurements. The purpose of the experimental study is to confirm that the use of a coal with low sulphur content S

The paper continues the study of reconversion of a 400 kW hot water boiler in a steam generator suitable to valorise the energy content of briquettes and pellets of agricultural biomass. After steam parameters selection (pressure, temperature, mass-flow rate), an overview of main steam machines types (axial, radial, screw, piston engine) is done. Further, a parallel design of most wide-spread ones (Laval, Curtis and radial) were performed, at different rotation speeds, in order to find the best configuration in respect with the flow section dimensions, internal efficiency and power (electrical and thermal) output. The results of the paper could be very useful for the investors in agricultural “waste-toenergy” projects in order to select appropriate technology and equipment.

Romania is in a full process of development in regards to producing energy from renewable sources. Successes have been recorded in the wind and hydro sectors, however, challenges are still to be solved in the field of biofuels. In previous years, research and investments targeting facilities that make use of a larger range of renewable fuels and their respective incineration technologies were carried out. The experience thus gained allows for a redefinition of the range of fuels which can constitute cost-worthy power producing solutions. Defining the renewable fuels of the future is of utmost importance for a country with a significant agricultural potential, but also with a temperate climate. After eliminating some cultures specific to warmer climates and not taking into account the quantity/price ratio, the current paper highlights a synthetic approach (a matrix) to the fuels of the future applicable to the power sector in Romania. At the definition base for the matrix also stands data gained from the experience of the researchers in the respective domain.

Pyrolysis of the waste from poultry growth will be analyzed, as shown below, as a viable energy valorization solution. However, the storage of avian waste, which is not prohibited by law, can lead to damage to groundwater, so that a permanent use over time is sought. Avian waste can be used as a natural agricultural fertilizer, with application especially in the agricultural sector, or for energy production. Energy production may include: - direct combustion with thermal support; - combustion mixed with solid biomass; - gasification; - pyrolysis. Gasification produces a combustible gas, and through pyrolysis, combustible gas and a solid fuel from the coke category (char). For moisture elimination in a phase preceding the release of combustible gases, a heating of the waste up to 200-250°C was proposed separately from the actual pyrolysis for not superimposing with the volatiles elimination. Special attention was directed to the final product (coke or char), resulting that, by quantity and quality, it can produce through combustion an energy above that for gasification, and the process could finally lead to a positive energy production. The paper presents a degree of originality by considering two stages in the pyrolysis process, the moisture being extracted after the first heating stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solid bio-fuels have the highest and most frequent deficiencies for the efficient use of energy. Besides the humidity, the bulk density, often a consequence of harvesting is the biggest impediment. Appropriate storage is thus essential but also a source of higher investment cost. Processing solid biomass to produce ethanol and methanol, alongside biogas is increasingly a global energy efficiency solution. Agricultural, industrial as well as water purification wastes depend more and more on their transformation into biogas. Energy experience in general has shown that combustion of more than two fuels simultaneously is a high and as a rule, unnecessary effort. The mixture of fuels very rarely contains a mélange of them. Mélange is the easiest way to achieve solid-phase combustion when used in the storage or in the feed stage. The use of vegetable and used (burned) oils in the food and transport industry usually leads to their mixing with liquid hydrocarbons. Mixing in hydrocarbons is also the technology applied to animal fats. Reduced calorific power (LHV) biogas will need to have a thermal support, due to the high CO2 content that presents a low burning rate in combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]