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Summary: This retrospective cohort study on adults undergoing colectomy from 2010 to 2019 used linked primary (Clinical Practice Research Datalink), and secondary (Hospital Episode Statistics) care data to determine the prevalence of persistent postoperative opioid use following colectomy, stratified by pre‐admission opioid exposure, and identify associated predictors. Based on pre‐admission opioid exposure, patients were categorised as opioid‐naïve, currently exposed (opioid prescription 0–6 months before admission) and previously exposed (opioid prescription within 7–12 months before admission). Persistent postoperative opioid use was defined as requiring an opioid prescription within 90 days of discharge, along with one or more opioid prescriptions 91–180 days after hospital discharge. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to obtain odds ratios for predictors of persistent postoperative opioid use. Among the 93,262 patients, 15,081 (16.2%) were issued at least one opioid prescription within 90 days of discharge. Of these, 6791 (45.0%) were opioid‐naïve, 7528 (49.9%) were currently exposed and 762 (5.0%) were previously exposed. From the whole cohort, 7540 (8.1%) developed persistent postoperative opioid use. Patients with pre‐operative opioid exposure had the highest persistent use: 5317 (40.4%) from the currently exposed group; 305 (9.8%) from the previously exposed group; and 1918 (2.5%) from the opioid‐naïve group. The odds of developing persistent opioid use were higher among individuals who used long‐acting opioid formulations in the 180 days before colectomy than those who used short‐acting formulations (odds ratio 3.41 (95%CI 3.07–3.77)). Predictors of persistent opioid use included: previous opioid exposure; high deprivation index; multiple comorbidities; use of long‐acting opioids; white race; and open surgery. Minimally invasive surgical approaches were associated with lower odds of persistent opioid use and may represent a modifiable risk factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In this study, we assessed the use of advanced pharmacological behavior management techniques (BMTs) among pediatric dentists in Saudi Arabia and the barriers to their clinical application., Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study used a self-administered electronic survey that targeted members of the Saudi Society of Pediatric Dentistry. The questionnaire included questions on five techniques of advanced and pharmacological behavior management recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Descriptive statistics, frequency, Chi-square test, and Fisher's exact test were used to present the outcomes and independent variables., Results: A total of 57 pediatric dentists completed the survey. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) sedation, general anesthesia (GA), and protective stabilization were used regularly by pediatric dentists in 70.2%, 68.4%, and 56.1% of the participants, respectively. A few participants reported using oral (14.0%) or intravenous (IV) sedation (10.5%) regularly. The most common barriers to using these techniques were either dentists' discomfort or the non-availability of the equipment/drugs., Conclusions: The most common method used by pediatric dentists was N 2 O inhalation sedation, followed by GA and protective stabilization. The participants' use of pharmacological BMTs, including IV and oral sedation, was relatively low., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (Copyright: © 2024 Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry.)

Background This study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of standard at-home bleaching agents in comparison to new over-the-counter (OTC) products on human enamel regarding color change, color stability, and surface roughness. Methodology A total of 80 extracted adult human maxillary central incisors were prepared and arbitrarily divided into the following four equal groups (N =20): group A: at-home opalescence boost containing 15% carbamide peroxide (CP); group B: crest whitening strips containing 6% hydrogen peroxide (HP); group C: light-emitted diode (LED) home tray with 20% CP + 4% HP; and group D: white and black toothpaste containing active charcoal components. Tooth color was measured using a spectrophotometer. Enamel surface roughness using a three-dimensional optical profilometer was measured before and after the bleaching procedure. To assess color stability, each bleached group was further subdivided into two equal subgroups (n = 10) according to the immersion media of either coffee or tea. Finally, the color was measured after 24 hours of immersion. Results All groups showed improvement in color from the baseline. The crest whitening strips group showed the lowest color improvement in comparison to all other groups. After staining, group C showed the lowest mean color change value ∆E2. No statistically significant difference was noted in surface roughness among all groups. Conclusions All OTC bleaching products as well as at-home bleaching improve teeth color and increase roughness on the enamel surface. Staining media has an adverse effect on the teeth after bleaching. The LED home tray showed a better whitening effect and color stability after bleaching., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Basheer et al.)