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Abstract During the Roman age, the southern promontory of the gulf of Baia was the perfect location for the construction of villae maritimae for the Roman élite that decided to spend their summer residences by the sea. One of these residences is now located in the military fortress of the Castello Aragonese di Baia, built in 1495 CE during the Aragonese period (15th century). Here, during restoration works, the ruins of the residential sector of the villa, which historical sources ascribe to Caesar, were unearthed. The most representative evidence of this is the outstanding in situ remain of mosaics, decorated plasters and finely frescoed surfaces decorated according to the repertoire of the II style. This research aims to investigate the polychromy of a wall decoration representing a perspective depiction of architectural scenes en trompe l'oeil analysed by means of a multi-analytical, non-destructive approach performed in situ. The combined use of spectroscopic techniques (portable X-ray fluorescence, Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) points out the use of a characteristic Roman palette, quantitatively assessed by colorimetric measurements. It consists of red and yellow ochre, calcite, hematite, organic black pigments, precious materials such as cinnabar and Egyptian blue, green copper compounds. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy also revealed the presence of synthetic resins, likely used for the conservation of mural paintings. These are, however, damaged by atmospheric humidity, as detected by Infrared Thermography. Gypsum has been identified as the main weathering product.

During the Roman age, the southern promontory of the gulf of Baia was the perfect location for the construction of villae maritimae for the Roman élite that decided to spend their summer residences by the sea. One of these residences is now located in the military fortress of the Castello Aragonese di Baia, built in 1495 CE during the Aragonese period (15th century). Here, during restoration works, the ruins of the residential sector of the villa, which historical sources ascribe to Caesar, were unearthed. The most representative evidence of this is the outstanding in situ remain of mosaics, decorated plasters and finely frescoed surfaces decorated according to the repertoire of the II style. This research aims to investigate the polychromy of a wall decoration representing a perspective depiction of architectural scenes en trompe l'oeil analysed by means of a multi-analytical, non-destructive approach performed in situ. The combined use of spectroscopic techniques (portable X-ray fluorescence, Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) points out the use of a characteristic Roman palette, quantitatively assessed by colorimetric measurements. It consists of red and yellow ochre, calcite, hematite, organic black pigments, precious materials such as cinnabar and Egyptian blue, green copper compounds. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy also revealed the presence of synthetic resins, likely used for the conservation of mural paintings. These are, however, damaged by atmospheric humidity, as detected by Infrared Thermography. Gypsum has been identified as the main weathering product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Alterations in the gut microbiome and bile acid metabolism are known to play a role in the development and progression of colon cancer. Medicinal plants like Astragalus mongholicus Bunge and Curcuma aromatica Salisb. (AC) have shown preferable therapeutic effect on cancer therapy, especially digestive tract tumors like colon cancer. However, the precise mechanisms of AC inhibiting colon cancer, particularly in relation to the gut microbiome and bile acid dynamics, are not fully understood. Methods: Our research aimed to investigate the anti-tumor properties of AC in mice with CT26 colon cancer and further investigate its underlying mechanism via intestinal microbiota. The size and pathological changes of solid tumors in colon cancer are used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of AC on colon cancer. Metagenomics and 16s rRNA gene sequencing were employed to clarify the dysbiosis in the gut microbiome of colon cancer and its impact on colon cancer. The levels of bile acids (BAs) in the feces of mice from each group were measured using UPLC-Qtrap-MS/MS. Results: AC effectively suppressed the growth of colon cancer and reduced histological damage. Notably, AC treatment led to changes in the gut microbiome composition, with a decrease in pathogenic species like Citrobacter and Candidatus_Arthromitus, and an increase in beneficial microbial populations including Adlercreutzia, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001, and Parvibacter. Additionally, AC altered bile acid profiles, resulting in a significant decrease in pro-carcinogenic bile acids such as deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), while increasing the concentration of the cancer-inhibitory bile acid, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). Tracking and analyzing the data, AC may mainly upregulate FabG and baiA genes by increasing the relative abundance of Adlercreutzia and Parvibacter bacteria, which promoting the metabolism of pro-carcinogenic LCA. Discussion: These findings provide strong evidence supporting the role of AC in regulating gut microbiome-mediated bile acid metabolism, which is crucial in impeding the progression of colon cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Pantanal comprehends a set of heterogeneous and biodiverse landscapes of esteemed environmental, economic and social value. The study of soils is effective to stratify and to understanding the operation of these environments. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare soils of lake landscapes of the Pantanal: baías (freshwater lakes), salinas (alkaline lakes) and their respective levees (sandy ridges originally with forest vegetation). For this purpose, we carried out field work with sampling, in triplicate, of superficial soil layers in 12 representative areas of low and high Nhecolândia; analytical determinations of 26 soil attributes were performed, totaling 936 response variables and statistical analyses were performed in order to synthesize the data and present the results. In both landscapes, the fine sand fraction predominates in the soil granulometry. The textural class of the soils varied from very sandy, medium sandy and medium sandy for the baías; very sandy for the levees, with particle density related to the presence of quartz; and very sandy, medium sandy, medium clayey and clayey for the salinas. In the chemical attributes and organic matter, the baías stand out for higher potential acidity (H+Al), slightly high organic matter contents and availability of metal ions, especially Fe; in the levees, higher average remaining phosphorus (Prem) are more evident; while the saline lake soils are related to more alkaline pH values, high base saturation and high Sodium Saturation Indices (ISNa). Salinas landscapes presented the highest data variability and have soil attributes that refer to the action of different environmental processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper presents a small circular mirror frame found in the rural settlement at Acic Suat. The mirror is made out of lead and decorated with radial lines on the frame, missing the reflective surface. Even though, such finds are numerous in the Danubian and Black Sea provinces, their functionality is still questionable, ranging from cosmetic to votive. Discussing the find from Acic Suat, together with the analogies and their potential functions, allows us to integrate the item in a wider context. Two sets of analyses were performed on the mirror, ED-XRF and PIXE, revealing its composition and highlighting the presence of bismuth and silver which can be indicators for the provenance of the lead core.

Objetivou-se comparar o conforto térmico proporcionado por três diferentes tipos de instalações para equinos criados no Sertão Pernambucano. Foram utilizados 18 equinos adultos, distribuídos aleatoriamente em três tipos de baias ou cercados. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subsubdivididas, sendo as parcelas compostas por três instalações (baias de alvenaria, cercados sombreados por árvores, cercados cobertos com telhado de fibrocimento). As subparcelas foram constituídas por nove semanas de monitoramento e as subsubparcelas formadas pelos três dias de avaliação em cada semana. As variáveis ambientais utilizadas foram temperatura ambiente, umidade relativa do ar e índice de temperatura e umidade (ITU); e como variáveis fisiológicas as frequências cardíaca e respiratória, temperatura retal e taxa de sudorese dos equinos. Nas três semanas em que se registrou as maiores temperaturas ambiente, em duas delas as temperaturas foram menores nos cercados sombreados por árvores. Já nas quatro semanas em que o ITU variou entre as instalações, os valores calculados para os cercados sombreados por árvores foram inferiores aos obtidos para as baias de alvenaria. Além disso, em seis das nove semanas de monitoramento os valores da frequência cardíaca dos equinos alojados nos cercados foram inferiores aos dos animais mantidos nas baias de alvenaria. Durante as nove semanas de monitoramento os equinos alojados nos cercados sombreados por árvores apresentaram menores temperaturas retais que os animais mantidos nas baias de alvenaria. Concluiu-se que os cercados sombreados por árvores promovem maior conforto térmico e, consequentemente, bem-estar aos equinos criados no sertão pernambucano.

This paper presents some preliminary results of the study of the pottery finds found in an early Roman building discovered in the settlement at Acic Suat (Caraburun, com. Baia, Tulcea county), in the 2015 campaign. The focus is on the ceramic materials as the building has not yet been fully uncovered and its functionality is still uncertain. Still, the ceramic fragments can lead to a hypothesis to this end and, moreover, can help date the edifice and point towards relations of the settlement with neighboring centers.

This paper is focused on the use of photogrammetric measurement techniques for the valorization of architectural and archaeological heritage. The functionality of this system allows operating with unfavourable conditions and pursues the accuracy of the measurement. This case of study presents a complex situation. Currently half part of the octagonal room annexed to the Temple of Mercury in Baia is underwater. Moreover the level of water may grow due to the characteristic movement of the soil in this area. The accuracy of photogrammetric method and the high definition of the camera used for the photo captures allow the reconstruction of the interior of the dome. The particular geometry of this surface stresses the relevance of a complete documentation of the dome. The research describes the method and tools used to realize this survey in difficult conditions and then analyze the geometry of the interior of the dome. In order to develop the geometrical analysis we carried on a series of operations on the point cloud and the survey model. The study of the photogrammetric model and the construction of an ideal model based on geometrical laws generate useful material to understand this complex vault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Anuario do Instituto de Geociencias is the property of Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Geociencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As Reservas Particulares do Patrimônio Natural (RPPNs) do Município de Ilhéus (BA, Brasil) exercem forte atratividade, mas, em sua maioria, ainda não possuem a infraestrutura para atender aos turistas. Por não serem economicamente apoiadas pelo poder público, procuram buscar no turismo o instrumento para alcançar a sua viabilidade econômica. Neste estudo foi feita uma pesquisa com alguns proprietários de RPPNs e diretores de instituições do segmento turístico, com o objetivo de se ter um breve diagnóstico das dificuldades e potenciais para que o turismo se torne uma opção. Defende-se aqui a viabilidade de uma parceria fundamentada na cultura da cooperação entre RPPNs, órgãos públicos, cooperativas e instituições financeiras, que podem contribuir para a sustentabilidade econômica da atividade turística em Ilhéus.

A database containing 130 propafenone type chemicals which have been tested for their multidrug resistance (MDR) reversal activity was compiled. Using the Multiple Computer-Automated Structure Evaluation (MCASE) program to analyze this database, an underlying relationship between MDR reversal activity and octanol/water partition coefficient was found. An MDR reversal model was created based on this database by the baseline activity identification algorithm (BAIA) of the MCASE program. The main phamacophores relevant to MDR reversal activity were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]