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1. Early evaluation of the ‘STOP SEPSIS!’ WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Awareness Campaign implemented for healthcare providers in 46 low, middle and high-income countries

Author

Marian Knight, José Guilherme Cecatti, Thae Maung Maung, Mercedes Bonet, Fernando Althabe, Joao Paulo Souza, Bouchra Assarag, Richard Adanu, Kristien Roelens, Kitty Bloemenkamp, Shevin T Jacob, Vijay Kumar, Jens Langhoff-Roos, Vanessa Brizuela, Rizwana Chaudhri, Griet Vandenberghe, Carla Lionela Trigo Romero, Edgardo Abalos, Adama Baguiya, Bukola Fawole, Pisake Lumbiganon, Meilė Minkauskienė, Ashraf Nabhan, Nafissa Bique Osman, Zahida P Qureshi, Mohammad Iqbal Aman, Bashir Noormal, Virginia Díaz, Marisa Espinoza, Julia Pasquale, Charlotte Leroy, M. Christian Urlyss Agossou, Sourou Goufodji Keke, Christiane Tshabu Aguemon, Víctor Conde Altamirano, Rosalinda Hernández Muñoz, Vincent Batiene, Kadari Cisse, Henri Gautier Ouedraogo, Cheang Kannitha, Lam Phirun, Tung Rathavy, Elie Simo, Pierre-Marie Tebeu, Emah Irene Yakana, Javier Carvajal, María Fernanda Escobar, Paula Fernández, Lotte Berdiin Colmorn, Wilson Mereci, Paola Vélez, Yasser Salah Eldin, Alaa Sultan, Abdulfetah Abdulkadir Abdosh, Alula M. Teklu, Dawit Worku Kassa, Philip Govule, Charles Noora Lwanga, Rigoberto Castro Bustillo, Bredy Lara, Vanita Suri, Sonia Trikha, Irene Cetin, Serena Donati, Carlo Personeni, Guldana Baimussanova, Saule Kabylova, Balgyn Sagyndykova, George Gwako, Alfred Osoti, Zahida Qureshi, Raisa Asylbasheva, Aigul Boobekova, Damira Seksenbaeva, Faysal El Kak, Saad Eddine Itani, Sabina Abou Malham, Diana Ramašauskaitė, Owen Chikhwaza, Luis Gadama, Eddie Malunga, Haoua Dembele, Hamadoun Sangho, Fanta Eliane Zerbo, Filiberto Dávila Serapio, Nazarea Herrera Maldonado, Tatiana Cauaus, Ala Curteanu, Victor Petrov, Yadamsuren Buyanjargal, Seded Khishgee, Bat-Erdene Lkhagvasuren, Amina Essolbi, Rachid Moulki, Zara Jaze, Arlete Mariano, Hla Mya Thway Einda, Khaing Nwe Tin, Tara Gurung, Amir Babu Shrestha, Sangeeta Shrestha, Marcus J. Rijken, Thomas Van DenAkker, María Esther Estrada, Olubukola Adesina, Chris Aimakhu, Saima Hamid, M. Adnan Khan, María del Pilar Huatuco Hernández, Nelly M Zavaleta Pimentel, Maria Lu Andal, Carolina Paula Martin, Zenaida Dy Recidoro, Mihaela Budianu, Lucian Pușcașiu, Léopold Diouf, Dembo Guirassy, Philippe Marc Moreira, Miroslav Borovsky, Ladislav Kovac, Alexandra Kristufkova, Sylvia Cebekhulu, Laura Cornelissen, Priya Soma-Pillay, Vicenç Cararach, Marta López, María José Vidal Benedé, Hemali Jayakody, Kapila Jayaratne, Dhammica Rowel, Mohamed Elsheikh, Wisal Nabag, Sara Omer, Victoria Tsoy, Urunbish Uzakova, Dilrabo Yunusova, Catherine Dunlop, David Lissauer, Aquilino M Pérez, Jhon Roman, Gerardo Vitureira, Dinh Anh Tuan, Luong Ngoc Truong, Nghiem Thi Xuan Hanh, Mugove Madziyire, Thulani Magwali, Stephen Munjanja, Mónica Chamillard, Seni Kouanda, Ruta Nadisauskiene, Linda Bartlett, Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues, Sadia Shakoor, Khalid Yunis, Liana Campodónico, Cristina Cuesta, Hugo Gamerro, Daniel Giordano, A Metin Gülmezoglu, Patricia Soledad Apaza Peralta, Carolina C Ribeiro do Valle, William Enrique Arriaga Romero, María Guadalupe Flores Aceituno, Thumwadee Tangsiriwatthana, Thitiporn Siriwachirachai, and Néstor J Pavón Gómez

Subjects
Medicine
Abstract

Objective To evaluate changes in awareness of maternal sepsis among healthcare providers resulting from the WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study (GLOSS) awareness campaign.Design Independent sample precampaign/postcampaign through online and paper-based surveys available for over 30 days before campaign roll-out (pre) and after study data collection (post). Descriptive statistics were used for campaign recognition and exposure, and odds ratio (OR) and percentage change were calculated for differences in awareness, adjusting for confounders using multivariate logistic regression.Setting and participants Healthcare providers from 398 participating facilities in 46 low, middle and high-income countries.Intervention An awareness campaign to accompany GLOSS launched 3 weeks prior to data collection and lasting the entire study period (28 November 2017 to 15 January 2018) and beyond.Main outcome measures Campaign recognition and exposure, and changes in awareness.Results A total of 2188 surveys were analysed: 1155 at baseline and 1033 at postcampaign. Most survey respondents found the campaign materials helpful (94%), that they helped increase awareness (90%) and that they helped motivate to act differently (88%). There were significant changes with regard to: not having heard of maternal sepsis (−63.4% change, pre-OR/post-OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.68) and perception of confidence in making the right decisions with regard to maternal sepsis identification and management (7.3% change, pre-OR/post-OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.01 to 2.06).Conclusions Awareness raising campaigns can contribute to an increase in having heard of maternal sepsis and an increase in provider perception of confidence in making correct decisions. Offering the information to make accurate and timely decisions while promoting environments that enable self-confidence and support could improve maternal sepsis identification and management.

Published
2020
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2. Frequency and management of maternal infection in health facilities in 52 countries (GLOSS): a 1-week inception cohort study

Author

Mercedes Bonet, Vanessa Brizuela, Edgardo Abalos, Cristina Cuesta, Adama Baguiya, Mónica Chamillard, Bukola Fawole, Marian Knight, Seni Kouanda, Pisake Lumbiganon, Ashraf Nabhan, Ruta J Nadisauskiene, Abdulfetah Abdulkadir, Richard MK Adanu, Mohammad Iqbal Aman, William E. Arriaga Romero, Bouchra Assarag, Kitty W.M. Bloemenkamp, Aigul Boobekova, Mihaela A. Budianu, Vicenç Cararach, Rigoberto Castro, Sylvia Cebekhulu, José Guilherme Cecatti, Lotte Berdiin Colmorn, Ala Curteanu, Serena Donati, Hla Mya Thway Einda, Yasser Salah El Deen, Faysal El Kak, Mohamed Elsheikh, Maria F Escobar-Vidarte, Marisa Mabel Espinoza, María Ester Estrada, Luis Aaron Gadama, Sourou B Goufodji, Saima Hamid, Rosalinda Hernandez Munoz, Nazarea Herrera Maldonado, Kapila Jayaratne, Saule Kabylova, Alexandra Kristufkova, Vijay Kumar, David Lissauer, Wilson Mereci, Meile Minkauskiene, Philippe Moreira, Stephen Munjanja, Nafissa B. Osman, Henri Gautier Ouedraogo, Aquilino M. Perez, Julia Pasquale, Lucian Puscasiu, Zahida Qureshi, Zenaida Recidoro, Carolina C. Ribeiro-do-Valle, Dhammica Rowel, Hamadoun Sangho, Amir Babu Shrestha, Thitiporn Siriwachirachai, Pierre Marie Tebeu, Khaing Nwe Tin, Dinh Anh Tuan, Rathavy Tung, Griet Vandenberghe, Buyanjargal Yadamsuren, Dilrabo Yunusova, Nelly Zavaleta Pimentel, Bashir Noormal, Virginia Díaz, Charlotte Leroy, Kristien Roelens, M. Christian Urlyss Agossou, Christiane Tshabu Aguemon, Patricia Soledad Apaza Peralta, Víctor Conde Altamirano, Vincent Batiene, Kadari Cisse, Kannitha Cheang, Phirun Lam, Elie Simo, Emah Irene Yakana, Javier Carvajal, Paula Fernández, Jens Langhoff-Roos, Paola Vélez, Alaa Sultan, Alula M. Teklu, Dawit Worku, Philip Govule, Charles Noora Lwanga, María Guadalupe Flores Aceituno, Carolina Bustillo, Bredy Lara, Vanita Suri, Sonia Trikha, Irene Cetin, Carlo Personeni, Guldana Baimussanova, Balgyn Sagyndykova, George Gwako, Alfred Osoti, Raisa Asylbasheva, Damira Seksenbaeva, Saad Eddine Itani, Sabina Abou Malham, Diana Ramašauskaitė, Owen Chikhwaza, Eddie Malunga, Haoua Dembele, Fanta Eliane Zerbo, Filiberto Dávila Serapio, Juan I. Islas Castañeda, Tatiana Cauaus, Victor Petrov, Seded Khishgee, Bat-Erdene Lkhagvasuren, Amina Essolbi, Rachid Moulki, Zara Jaze, Arlete Mariano, Thae Maung Maung, Tara Gurung, Sangeeta Shrestha, Marcus J. Rijken, Thomas Van Den Akker, María Esther Estrada, Néstor J. Pavón Gómez, Olubukola Adesina, Chris Aimakhu, Rizwana Chaudhri, M. Adnan Khan, María del Pilar Huatuco Hernández, Maria Lu Andal, Carolina Paula Martin, Léopold Diouf, Dembo Guirassy, Miroslav Borovsky, Ladislav Kovac, Laura Cornelissen, Priya Soma-Pillay, Marta López, María José Vidal Benedé, Hemali Jayakody, Wisal Nabag, Sara Omer, Victoria Tsoy, Urunbish Uzakova, Thumwadee Tangsiriwatthana, Catherine Dunlop, Jhon Roman, Gerardo Vitureira, Luong Ngoc Truong, Nghiem Thi Xuan Hanh, Mugove Madziyire, Thulani Magwali, Linda Bartlett, Fernando Bellissimo-Rodrigues, Shevin T. Jacob, Sadia Shakoor, Khalid Yunis, Liana Campodónico, Hugo Gamerro, Daniel Giordano, Fernando Althabe, A. Metin Gülmezoglu, and João Paulo Souza

Subjects
Public aspects of medicine, RA1-1270
Abstract

Summary: Background: Maternal infections are an important cause of maternal mortality and severe maternal morbidity. We report the main findings of the WHO Global Maternal Sepsis Study, which aimed to assess the frequency of maternal infections in health facilities, according to maternal characteristics and outcomes, and coverage of core practices for early identification and management. Methods: We did a facility-based, prospective, 1-week inception cohort study in 713 health facilities providing obstetric, midwifery, or abortion care, or where women could be admitted because of complications of pregnancy, childbirth, post-partum, or post-abortion, in 52 low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries (HICs). We obtained data from hospital records for all pregnant or recently pregnant women hospitalised with suspected or confirmed infection. We calculated ratios of infection and infection-related severe maternal outcomes (ie, death or near-miss) per 1000 livebirths and the proportion of intrahospital fatalities across country income groups, as well as the distribution of demographic, obstetric, clinical characteristics and outcomes, and coverage of a set of core practices for identification and management across infection severity groups. Findings: Between Nov 28, 2017, and Dec 4, 2017, of 2965 women assessed for eligibility, 2850 pregnant or recently pregnant women with suspected or confirmed infection were included. 70·4 (95% CI 67·7–73·1) hospitalised women per 1000 livebirths had a maternal infection, and 10·9 (9·8–12·0) women per 1000 livebirths presented with infection-related (underlying or contributing cause) severe maternal outcomes. Highest ratios were observed in LMICs and the lowest in HICs. The proportion of intrahospital fatalities was 6·8% among women with severe maternal outcomes, with the highest proportion in low-income countries. Infection-related maternal deaths represented more than half of the intrahospital deaths. Around two-thirds (63·9%, n=1821) of the women had a complete set of vital signs recorded, or received antimicrobials the day of suspicion or diagnosis of the infection (70·2%, n=1875), without marked differences across severity groups. Interpretation: The frequency of maternal infections requiring management in health facilities is high. Our results suggest that contribution of direct (obstetric) and indirect (non-obstetric) infections to overall maternal deaths is greater than previously thought. Improvement of early identification is urgently needed, as well as prompt management of women with infections in health facilities by implementing effective evidence-based practices. Funding: UNDP–UNFPA–UNICEF–WHO–World Bank Special Programme of Research, Development and Research Training in Human Reproduction, WHO, Merck for Mothers, and United States Agency for International Development.

Published
2020
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