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Objectives: To evaluate serum calcium, assess creatinine's muscle function marker, and analyze BUN as a protein metabolism indicator in renal failure. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Tehsil Samahni District Bhimber Kashmir. Period: April 2020 to July 2020. Methods: A total of 90 subjects, including 60 with renal failure and 30 healthy individuals from Tehsil Samahni District Bhimber Kashmir registered with THQ hospital for dialysis, were categorized by age and gender. Blood samples were collected after the written consent of each patient and analyzed for serum calcium, serum creatinine, and BUN using an automated analyzer. Ninety subjects were divided into groups based on age and gender. Blood samples were collected and subjected to serum calcium, serum creatinine, and BUN assays using an automated analyzer to evaluate renal function and calcium homeostasis. Results: Serum creatinine levels were significantly elevated in all renal failure groups compared to the healthy group, indicating impaired renal function. However, serum calcium levels remained relatively stable across all groups. Notably, BUN levels were significantly higher in all renal failure groups except for females aged 1-40 years. Conclusion: Renal failure is indicated by elevated serum creatinine, highlighting kidney dysfunction, while serum calcium stability may not be indicative of renal failure. Elevated BUN levels imply disrupted protein metabolism, underlining the complex role of these biomarkers in renal health, and necessitating refinement of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for renal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the correlation of HbA1c with hemoglobin concentration, RWD, and other red cell indices in Type II diabetes mellitus female patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Physiology, Al Nafees Medical College, and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad. Period: January 2019 to December 2020. Material & Methods: The study included 70 adult female diabetic patients, adhering to International Diabetes Federation guidelines. Exclusion criteria encompassed uncontrolled diabetes, pregnancy, renal issues, cardiac failure, and hemoglobinopathies. Laboratory tests, such as Complete Blood Count and HbA1c measurements, were conducted. SPSS version 23 was used for statistical analysis, employing mean, standard deviation, and Pearson's correlation to assess relationships among HbA1c, hemoglobin, Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW), and other red cell parameters. Results: A total of 70 female patients with diagnosed Type II diabetes mellitus were included in our study with a mean age of 40.45±12.70 years. The Mean±SD of study variables like HbA1c, hemoglobin, MCV, MCHC, RDW, and FBS of the patients was 5.91±0.89%, 11.23±1.59 gm/dl, 76.32±9.50fl, 31.02±3.39mg/dl, 12.78±1.51 and 100.53±15.52mg/dl respectively. A significant correlation between HbA1c and RDW was found and showed that both variables were positively correlated with each other. (r= 320, p=0.001). Conclusion: RDW correlates with HbA1C in female Type II diabetes patients, suggesting CBC, including RDW, as a costeffective diagnostic marker alongside HbA1c for glycemic status assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To study the efficacy of a single 0.3ml of C3F8 injection for the treatment of symptomatic VMT. Methods: In this retrospective interventional study a total of nine patients were recruited. The mean age was 67 years. Patients had a follow-up at one week and four weeks post injections. VMT status was confirmed on repeat Oct scan. Results: There was a complete release of VMT In 4 patients after one week and further release of VMT was observed in two more patients after four weeks. Hence six out of nine patients had complete resolution of pathology following C3F8 injection. Conclusion: Intravitreal C3F8 is a cheaper and safer option for the treatment of vitreomacular traction as compared to pars plana vitrectomy or Ocriplasmin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoscale surface roughness has conventionally been induced by using complicated approaches; however, the homogeneity of superhydrophobic surface and hazardous pollutants continue to have existing challenges that require a solution. As a prospective solution, a novel bubbled-structured silica nanoparticle (SiO2) decorated electrospun polyurethane (PU) nanofibrous membrane (SiO2@PU-NFs) was prepared through a synchronized electrospinning and electrospraying process. The SiO2@PU-NFs nanofibrous membrane exhibited a nanoscale hierarchical surface roughness, attributed to excellent superhydrophobicity. The SiO2@PU-NFs membrane had an optimized fiber diameter of 394 ± 105 nm and was fabricated with a 25 kV applied voltage, 18% PU concentration, 20 cm spinning distance, and 6% SiO2 nanoparticles. The resulting membrane exhibited a water contact angle of 155.23°. Moreover, the developed membrane attributed excellent mechanical properties (14.22 MPa tensile modulus, 134.5% elongation, and 57.12 kPa hydrostatic pressure). The composite nanofibrous membrane also offered good breathability characteristics (with an air permeability of 70.63 mm/s and a water vapor permeability of 4167 g/m2/day). In addition, the proposed composite nanofibrous membrane showed a significant water/oil separation efficiency of 99.98, 99.97, and 99.98% against the water/xylene, water/n-hexane, and water/toluene mixers. When exposed to severe mechanical stresses and chemicals, the composite nanofibrous membrane sustained its superhydrophobic quality (WCA greater than 155.23°) up to 50 abrasion, bending, and stretching cycles. Consequently, this composite structure could be a good alternative for various functional applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out the effect of iron deficiency anemia HbA1c levels in female patients with and without diabetes by comparing its values in groups. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Physiology department, Al-Nafees Medical College and Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences, Islamabad, from Jan 2017 to Dec 2018. Methodology: Study Participants were divided into four groups. Control group A, had females without diabetes and iron deficiency anemia whereas group B had anemic females without diabetes. Study subjects of groups C were having diabetes with anemia where group D females were with diabetes and without iron deficiency anemia. Values of HbA1c were compared in anemic and non-anemic groups, in females with and without diabetes by applying ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey’s Test. Haemoglobin levels, HbA1c, erythrocyte indices and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were measured. Results: One hundred and forty adult females with and without diabetes were selected in the study. Significant p values were obtained when HbA1c levels of patients with anemia were compared with those without anemia in nondiabetics (p-value <0.00) as well as in diabetic group (p-value=0.048). Pearson correlation also showed significant negative correlation (r= -0.66, p-value <0.00) of haemoglobin levels with HbA1c. Conclusion: Iron deficiency anemia was found to be associated with an increase in HbA1c values in females with and without diabetes and hence can affect screening, diagnostic and prognostic efficacy of HbA1c for diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]