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Earlier, we found that two alcohol-containing samples delivered from the zone of special military operation contain a rare psychoactive substance EA-3167, which is a structural analogue of the well-known incapacitant BZ, included in the Schedule 1 of the Chemical Weapons Convention. In addition to EA-3167, additives of methadone, α-pyrrolidinovalerophenone and tetrahydrocannabinol were found in liquids.The aim of the work is to establish the analytical characteristics of EA-3167, as well as its metabolites in rat urine. Research methods. Structural identification of the detected substance by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas and liquid chromatomass spectrometry of delivered objects and rat urine obtained by exposing laboratory animals to the detected substance.The results of the study. Concentrations of EA-3167 in liquids were found to be 910 and 3.9 μg/mL, respectively. It has been established that EA-3167 is subject to intensive metabolism in rats. More than 30 metabolites, representing products of mono- and dihydroxylation of aliphatic moieties of the molecule, ketone formation, and hydrolysis, have been tentatively identified in the urine of laboratory animals. Conclusion. The most convenient markers for confirming poisoning of EA-3167 by gas and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were the parent substance, the products of its monohydroxylation and the formation of carbonyl group on the cyclopentyl moiety.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) involving superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and hydroxyl radical play important role in human health. ROS are known to be the markers of oxidative stress associated with different pathologies including neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Accordingly, ROS level detection in biological systems is an essential problem for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical methods seem to have promising prospects in ROS determination due to their high sensitivity, rapidity, and simple equipment. This review demonstrates application of modern electrochemical sensors for ROS detection in biological objects (e.g., cell lines and body fluids) over a decade between 2011 and 2021. Particular attention is paid to sensors materials and various types of modifiers for ROS selective detection. Moreover, the sensors comparative characteristics, their main advantages, disadvantages and their possibilities and limitations are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proposes an overview of the primary applications of generalized two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) to analytical chemistry. 2D-COS is a method used to analyze datasets obtained by spectroscopic measurements. This approach is based on the use of 2D correlation maps to detect and analyze correlations between different spectral regions or data from two measurement methods. The objective of employing 2D-COS is to enhance the volume of analytical information by uncovering latent correlations within the data. Analysis of such correlations for series of spectral data, acquired over a range of analyte concentrations, pH values, or component ratios in mixtures, and also under varying temperatures or other external factors, enables investigating and elucidating chemical processes and interactions. This information is not readily attainable directly from the spectra. In comparison to one-dimensional spectra, 2D-COS excels in the significance of analytical information, particularly in the identification of components and the determination of the composition of complex mixtures. 2D-COS can also be used for monitoring changes in a sample over time, which makes it a valuable tool for studying dynamically evolving systems. Overall, 2D-COS is a sufficiently versatile approach that can be employed in conjunction with numerous methods, addressing a wide range of analytical tasks and complex samples, also without sample preparation. The review highlights achievements in the application of 2D-COS by the beginning of September 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in maintaining human health and are recognized as indicators of oxidative stress linked to various conditions such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Consequently, detecting ROS levels in biological systems is crucial for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical approaches offer promising opportunities for ROS determination due to their exceptional sensitivity, speed, and simplicity of equipment. This review covers studies using advanced electrochemical nanozyme sensors for detecting ROS in biological samples that were published over the last ten years, from 2013 to 2023. Emphasis is placed on the sensor materials and different types of modifiers employed for selective ROS detection. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the sensors' selectivity was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the sources and mechanisms of plutonium release into the environment is summarized. The magnitudes and distribution of global plutonium fallout, as well as data on technogenic sources of plutonium isotope releases into the environment, are reviewed. For this purpose, the supply of plutonium as a result of nuclear explosions at test sites, such as Nevada, Semipalatinsk, Novaya Zemlya, etc., and the scale of environmental contamination as a result of tests were considered. The data on the intake of plutonium after nuclear and radiation accidents at nuclear power plants (Chernobyl nuclear power plant, Fukushima, etc.) and at enterprises of the nuclear complex (Kyshtym accident, etc.) are presented. Separately, plutonium intake into the natural environment through emissions and discharges of nuclear complex enterprises (Sellafield, MCC (Krasnoyarsk), etc.) is considered. Information about the levels and content of plutonium isotopes in various media and environmental objects, as well as information about the parameters characterizing the migration of plutonium in various media and the transition between them is generalized and presented. Forms of plutonium occurrence in soils (distribution by granulometric fractions, chemical forms, "hot" particles, etc.) are considered, and information on the characteristic levels of plutonium concentrations in soils for various objects is summarized. Data on the concentrations of plutonium in the air are given. Information on the forms of plutonium in the aquatic environment, as well as on the characteristic levels of plutonium concentrations in various water bodies, including the World's oceans, is presented. Information on the transition coefficients of plutonium isotopes in the soil–plant system is summarized. Particular attention is paid to plutonium isotopes in biological objects and the human body. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in maintaining human health and are recognized as indicators of oxidative stress linked to various conditions such as neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, as well as cancer. Consequently, detecting ROS levels in biological systems is crucial for biomedical and analytical research. Electrochemical approaches offer promising opportunities for ROS determination due to their exceptional sensitivity, speed, and simplicity of equipment. This review covers studies using advanced electrochemical nanozyme sensors for detecting ROS in biological samples that were published over the last ten years, from 2013 to 2023. Emphasis is placed on the sensor materials and different types of modifiers employed for selective ROS detection. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis of the sensors’ selectivity was performed.

Popularisation of the key scientific problems occupied a significant place in D. I. Trubetskov’s work. In memory of this fact, the problem of electromagnetic field affecting biological objects is discussed in a popular manner in this article. This problem has more than a century in it’s history, but still being far from the final solution. Objectives. Analyze the problem of the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological objects and social structures as complex multielement systems, and assess the possibility of identifying new effects in their behavior. Methods. As a result of many studies in different countries, by the mid-60s of the twentieth century, an idea was formed about the complex and systemic nature of the influence of electromagnetic fields on biological objects. Therefore, the interaction of electromagnetic fields with biological objects and social environments is considered in the work as a problem of external influence on complex multielement interconnected systems, using conceptual approaches of nonlinear dynamics. Results. It is shown that along with the effects of EMF on individual biological objects, there are effects of the influence of the information component of EMF on social systems, the elements of which are people considering as biological objects. The threshold power flux density where the influence effects on the social systems begin to manifest is significantly lower than the one for biological objects. Conclusion. Effective approaches aimed to reduce the negative impact of microwave radiation on humans can be implemented using personal means for monitoring the level and the received dose of radiation – electromagnetic radiation dosimeters, which are actually analogous to thermometers for measuring body temperature.

The aim of the work was to develop electronic database of biological organisms (fishes, viruses) on the base of the methods that have been used before in mathematics, engineering, physics. The methods of object-oriented system analysis, construction of models of subject spaces (problem space, solution space), ER-diagrams, of constructing databases and others were applied. The examples of prototypes of modern databases with information about fishes developed over the past years in Western European and American countries were presented. An overview of applied methods, concepts and terminology from the areas of object-oriented system analysis, database designing was disclosed. In conclusions the description of constructed database and practical recommendations for the development of databases with the information about domestic biological organisms for electronic information systems are given.

Soporific substances of the third generation - Z-preparations: Zaleplon (Andante), Zopiclone (Imovane) and Zolpidem (Ivadal) - are widely used in medicine for the treatment of insomnia. Despite a number of advantages over of barbiturate derivatives and 1,4-benzodiazepine, the identified preparations are toxic. Poisoning incidents, including fatalities, are described. To diagnose intoxications by these medicines and other purposes (for monitoring the concentration of these medicines in the blood, studying pharmacokinetics, evaluating drug interactions, optimizing treatment control), the development of methods for defining Z-preparations in biological objects becomes important, that is currently developed insufficient. Therefore, the purpose of this work is to study and analyze the specialized literature on the chemical, physico-chemical, pharmacological properties, methods of analysis of investigated substances, methods of extraction, purification, methods of identification and quantification while studying the biological objects.

Based on low-temperature SQUID sensors, an ultra-sensitive magnetometric system has been created for the analysis of nanoparticles in biological objects. The main features of the SQUID magnetometric system and information technology during registration and analysis of magnetic signals from organs of laboratory animals are considered. Experimental data on the operation of the magnetometric system and algorithms of data recording and processing in the study of physical models (small animals) with nanoparticles are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cybernetics & Systems Analysis / Kibernetiki i Sistemnyj Analiz is the property of V.M. Glushkov Institute of Cybernetics of NAS of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the present article a spatial confinement of microobjects were explored in the radiofrequency Paul trap at normal pressure. Spores of Lycopodium Clavatum, 33 μm in diameter, and CdSe/ZnS (core/shell) quantum dots conglomerates with size of 2–7 μm were used as such microobjects. Zero-crossing orbits of these objects were observed for the first time what indicates the nonlinear nature of dynamics of these particles in localization area. Mathematical description of particle dynamics in a viscous is presented. It is shown that friction value depends on the radius of microobjects and dynamic viscosity. Moreover, zero-crossing orbits of charged particles in the radiofrequency Paul trap were numerically simulated. A new method of comparative analysis of the morphology of microparticles is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Przegląd Elektrotechniczny is the property of Przeglad Elektrotechniczny and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the work was to develop electronic database of biological organisms (fishes, viruses) on the base of the methods that have been used before in mathematics, engineering, physics. The methods of object-oriented system analysis, construction of models of subject spaces (problem space, solution space), ER-diagrams, of constructing databases and others were applied. The examples of prototypes of modern databases with information about fishes developed over the past years in Western European and American countries were presented. An overview of applied methods, concepts and terminology from the areas of object-oriented system analysis, database designing was disclosed. In conclusions the description of constructed database and practical recommendations for the development of databases with the information about domestic biological organisms for electronic information systems are given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: to study the use of video tracking to assess physical endurance and indicators of biological objects fatigue when running on a treadmill and swimming with the load. Material and methods. Physical endurance evaluated by test facilities for running on a treadmill and swimming with the load. As the object of the studies used laboratory rats. Results. For indicators of physical endurance biological objects isolated areas running track of treadmill and electrical stimulation site, when swimming on the total area of the container isolated subarea near the water surface. With video tracking performed computer timing of finding biological object in different zones of the treadmill and containers for swimming. On the basis of data on the time location rats in a given zone apparatus for running and swimming, obtained in the dynamics of the test of physical endurance, build a "fatigue curves", quantified changes in the indices of hard work, depending on the duration of its execution. Conclusion. Video tracking allows to define the execution of physical work to overflowing with loads of aerobic and mixed aerobic-anaerobic power, establish quantitative indicators of changes in the dynamics of biological objects operability testing with the construction of "fatigue curve" and objectively determine the times of occurrence in experimental animals exhaustion when fails to perform physical work.

A possibility of sequential Monte Carlo method application for data processing in the full-field optical coherent tomography for studying of biological objects is demonstrated. The suggested algorithm is based on statistical approximation of the estimated parameters instead of nonlinear functional transformations. Experimental results of data processing in the studies using full-field optical coherence tomography system based on the Linnik micro-interferometer are given with subsequent signals envelope estimation by sequential Monte Carlo method. It was established that the processing results contain fewer artifacts caused by instability of the algorithm as compared with the previously obtained results using the extended Kalman filtering. Processing of the full-field optical coherence tomography system data involving the sequential Monte Carlo method gave the possibility to observe an object microstructure with resolution of about 1 μm. Experimental testing of sequential Monte Carlo method was performed by analyzing the signals obtained in the study of the front wing of the common house mosquito Culex pipiens, because this object has a small size, low thickness and complicated microstructure and, therefore, is a convenient test object. These results are in a good agreement with observations obtained by conventional microscopy techniques and can be of interest for specialists in the field of entomology and bioengineering.

A device was developed for searching of optimal parameters for the treatment of biological objects by an alternating magnetic field, where the optimal parameters are determined through automated analysis of the dependencies of the physical characteristics of biological liquids obtained from those biological objects on the frequency and strength of the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies is the property of PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Scientific Journal of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Technique & Energy of APK is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Naukovi visti NTUU - KPI is the property of National Technical University of Ukraine KPI and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cavitation, which yet has not found a wide application in industrial technologies, is an effective method of hydro-mechanical intensification of chemical-engineering, food, pharmaceutical, biological and other processes. The effectiveness of cavitation process is enabled by cavitation crashing of the solid phase, turbulent diffusion of boundary layer of the fluid by cavitation bubbles, emergence mass transfer aspects, which are characterized by high values of mass transfer coefficients. Processing of biological objects in a cavitation field can be used as an independent process and ensure an inactivation and extinction of microorganisms or as cyanobacteria pretreatment stage with the aim of increasing the mass transfer surface for the following extraction or biochemical processes. The results of microscopic analysis showed that for certain modes of processing of liquid substances in the cavitation field the decrease of contrast cells is observed as well as damage to the cell membrane, reducing the clarity of contours, cell shape change, aggregation and mechanical damage. Experimental studies have established that in the case of hydrodynamic cavitation to increase the effectiveness of the process of obtaining energy from cyanobacterial biomass, treated in a hydrodynamic cavitation field cyanobacterial biomass, a degree of lipid extraction is increased by 54,3 % and the number of synthesized biogas increases by 28,3 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Scientific Journal of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine. Series: Technique & Energy of APK is the property of National University of Life & Environmental Sciences of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two methods have been developed for determining antitumor drug vinblastine in blood plasma and prostate gland tissue by high performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC) and capillary electrophoresis ( CE) with detection at 214 nm. The lower limit of quantitative determination (15 ng/mL) was achieved with HPLC. The higher accuracy ( CV), precision and selectivity have been achieved with CE method, 0.09, 90, and 100%, respectively. The sample preparation of blood plasma and previously homogenized prostate gland tissue included solid-phase extraction on Supelco DSC-18 cartridges. The recovery of vinblastine from the blood plasma was 91 ± 3% and from the tissue, 82 ± 5% ( n = 6). The developed methods were implemented for the therapeutic monitoring of vinblastine in the procedure of intracavitary drug electrophoresis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for diagnosing the molecular structure and composition of aromatic bioactive preparations is developed by the example of pharmaceutical objects: analgin, citramon, aspirin, and paracetamol. The method is based on fiber-optic measurements of fluorescence spectra upon laser ultraviolet (266 nm) excitation with high (0.1 mm) spatial resolution. It is shown that the inhomogeneity of a pharmaceutical preparation containing several components is observed at a distance of a few millimeters. Difference fluorescence spectra are constructed, which allow detection of differences in preparation compositions and structures even in the case of closeness of their fluorescence spectra. The developedmethod can be used to control quality of a large class of bioactive structures luminescing under ultraviolet light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have analyzed the feasibility and expediency of using a probabilistic neural network as a classifier for processing and interpreting data obtained using a biosensor we have developed that is based on whispering-gallery-mode optical resonance. We have established that the probabilistic neural network makes it possible to correctly classify the biological compounds under study with average 97.3% probability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this paper, we summarise the development of off-axis electron holography on biological samples starting in 1986 with the first results on ferritin from the group of Tonomura. In the middle of the 1990s strong interest was evoked, but then stagnation took place because the results obtained at that stage did not reach the contrast and the resolution achieved by conventional electron microscopy. To date, there exist only a few (∼12) publications on electron holography of biological objects, thus this topic is quite small and concise. The reason for this could be that holography is mostly established in materials science by physicists. Therefore, applications for off-axis holography were powerfully pushed forward in the area of imaging, e.g. electric or magnetic micro- and nanofields. Unstained biological systems investigated by means of off-axis electron holography up to now are ferritin, tobacco mosaic virus, a bacterial flagellum, T5 bacteriophage virus, hexagonal packed intermediate layer of bacteria and the Semliki Forest virus. New results of the authors on collagen fibres and surface layer of bacteria, the so-called S-layer 2D crystal lattice are presented in this review. For the sake of completeness, we will shortly discuss in-line holography of biological samples and off-axis holography of materials related to biological systems, such as biomaterial composites or magnetotactic bacteria. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Biological objects were micromanipulated with a magnetic microactuator. These objects are pushed with a small ferromagnetic particle whose size can be as small as 10 × 10 × 5 μm[sup 3] . This particle is called the manipulator and is moved thanks to a permanent magnet. This magnetic device allows the manipulation of objects in an extremely confined space. As biological objects are fragile, the force applied on them must be controlled during the manipulation. The model we present allows to determine the force applied by the device on the manipulated object. Several experimental measurements are presented in order to validate the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined toxicity of inorganic substances: Ag(I)−Cu(II), Cr(VI)−Ni(II) is studied in a culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts. The dynamics of yeast growth in the presence of individual metals an their combinations is examined. A diagram method for the evaluation of combined toxicity is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conducted content analysis of existing theories that justify and explain the physical effects of electromagnetic (mm) waves extremely high frequency (EHF) range of non-thermal intensity on biological objects. Proposed use of energy-saving nanotechnologies intensify the growth of crops and organisms. The result is a Hyper-activation nitrate and the inhibitory effect of radiation on the functional activity of the ROS generation (with the activation of respiratory explosion turbolover ether). When two-fold increase in the magnitude of the magnetic field (magnetic induction MP) compared to the background changes the direction of the effect of EMR UHF and shifts the resonant frequency effect. Assuming that MP alters the affinity with -dependent enzymes, increase MP specific way modifies the activity of some key enzymes. On the background of the modified enzymatic activity of EMR UHF is changing that in the future if the impact on functional activity of neutrophils are manifested as activation of synergistic reactions. On the background of the changed functional status of the cell due to the action of MP can become more effective is another frequency of EHF-radiation, so there is a slight shift of the resonance frequency of the effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]