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A hypothetical model was formulated to explore factors that influenced academic and clinical achievement for undergraduate nursing students. Sixteen latent variables were considered including the students' background, gender, type of first language, age, their previous successes with their undergraduate nursing studies and status given for previous studies. The academic and clinical achievement of 179 undergraduate nursing students were estimated by measuring their performance using two separate assessment parameters, their completing grade point average scores and outcomes of their final clinical assessment. Models identifying pathways leading to academic and clinical achievement were tested using Partial Least Square Path Analysis (PLSPATH). The study's results suggest that undergraduate nursing student achievement can be predicted by four variables, which account for 72 percent of the variance of scores that assess academic and clinical performance at the completion of the third year level of nursing studies. The most significant predictors and those that had direct influence on undergraduate nursing student achievement were: (a) grades achieved in topics undertaken at the beginning of their last year of study and (b) those achieved just prior to course completion (c) where the undergraduate nursing students had undertaken their final allocation for clinical experience, and (d) students' self rated need for clinical supervision at course completion. Measures of performance according the grade point average scores, student gender, age and type of first language used were not directly related to the performance outcomes. (Contains 2 tables and 2 figures.)

This study seeks to identify factors that influence the perceived complexity of providing nursing care to others (who are dependent on alcohol and tobacco) and the confidence of undergraduate student nurses to carry out this care. The research project is designed to explore whether there is a difference between the perceived complexities of 57 different nursing tasks and skills as understood by student nurses and their differing ages, gender and types of first language used. By using a probabilistic measurement approach (Rasch model), the study seeks to assess whether a scale of performance for learning can be constructed based on the difficulty of nursing care required and the self-rated capacity of the undergraduate nursing students to provide the nursing care. Outcomes of the study suggest that nursing students do differ significantly both in how they view the complexity of providing nurse care and their capacity to provide that nursing care. Recommendations are made for informing nursing education programs, in a bid to make nursing care as it relates to others who are substance dependent, more effective. (Contains 2 tables and 9 figures.)

A hypothetical model was formulated to explore factors that influenced academic and clinical achievement for graduate-entry medical students completing their third year of university studies. Nine latent variables were considered including the students' background, previous successes with their undergraduate and postgraduate studies and their assessed ability to study graduate-entry medicine based on their scholastic aptitude and their interview selection scores. The academic and clinical achievement of 99 graduate-entry medical students were estimated by measuring their performance on two separate assessment procedures, a 150 item multiple choice examination and a 20 item objectively structured clinical evaluation (OSCE) test. These two assessments were taken across two years (to include two student groups) and were equated using Rasch scaling procedures. Models identifying causal pathways leading to academic and clinical achievement were tested using Partial Least Squares Path Analysis (PLSPAT). The study's results suggest that medical student achievement can be predicted by variables, which account for 6 to 22 per cent of the variance of scores that assess academic achievement and clinical performance at the third year level respectively. The most significant predictors and those which had direct influence on graduate-entry medical student achievement were: (a) student gender, undergraduate grade point average scores, type of undergraduate studies undertaken, and where those studies were carried out that were related to the OSCE scores, and (b) whether or not the graduate-entry medical students had pursued other studies prior to undertaking the medical course and age that were both negatively related to achievement on the multiple choice examination. Measures of performance at interview and student scores for GAMSAT that were used in the selection process were not related to the performance outcomes assessed. (Contains 3 figures.)

Aim: First, to identify which aspects of missed care accurately define the integration of care and context of care dimensions of the Fundamentals of Care Framework. Second, to test the Framework for validity and reliability and lastly, to explore how leadership influences care integration. Design: A non‐experimental research design using self‐audit data collected information about variations in nursing care as exemplars for dimensions of the Framework. Methods: A multi‐variate approach using path analysis was used to apply the consensus scores of 3079 Australian residential care nurses and carers to define the dimensions of the Framework. Results/Findings In the Australian residential care setting, the factors that define both the contexts of care and the integration of care dimensions constructs are now empirically established. The most direct predictor for the integration of care dimension arises from both the leadership and resource allocation variables, while the remaining context of care factors have indirect but significant effects. The integration of psychosocial care in the residential care sector is not influenced by any of the Framework's context‐based factors. Conclusion: The component variables of the Framework show both good reliability and convergent validity. These findings confirm a predictive relationship exists between the elements of the context of care and the different types of nursing activities that form the integration of the care dimension, including organizational leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study is to reliably estimate why midwifery care is missed and to crystallize those factors that have causal links to it. Background: Studies involving the incidences and types of missed midwifery care are sparsely described. The rationales behind these deficits in care are even less well researched. Methods: A non‐experimental, descriptive method using a Likert developed MISSCARE scale was used to measure consensus estimates made by Australian midwives. Data analysis was undertaken using both Rasch analysis and Structural Equation Modeling. Results: Midwives' rationales behind why Australian midwifery care is missed can be quantified based on consensus estimates of participating midwives and the variances in the total scores of how important each contributing factor was in accounting for why midwifery care was missed, can be both explained and predicted. Conclusions: Ten latent variables have significant predictor effects on why midwifery care was missed. These include insufficient human and physical care resources, increased work intensity and issues with workplace communication. These factors are further exacerbated by the midwives' teamwork satisfaction levels, work roster preferences and other midwife demographic variables. The age of midwife, their highest qualification achieved and where they obtained their midwifery credentials had no influence on their consensus estimates as to why midwifery care was missed. Implications for nursing management: While this study confines itself to the Australian midwifery context, outcomes are informative for an international midwifery management audience. While the setting of the midwifery practice (be it private or public hospitals) is not significant in predicting why midwifery care is missed, resource allocation for care of mothers and their babies remains instrumental, as a factor contributing to care omissions. Midwife demographic factors including age, type of midwifery qualification and where the credentials were obtained from exerted no influence as to why care was omitted. Midwifery recruitment should focus instead on re‐dressing skills and skills mix shortages. Teamwork skills within the midwifery sector requires strengthening, as problems arising from workplace communication, coupled with decreased midwifery staffing numbers and increased work intensity, are strongly thought to be significant reason for missed care [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: This study quantifies the types and frequencies of missed care identified by nurses and measures its impact on their capacity to demonstrate mandatory practice standards as future hospital staff. Background: Considerable literature exists as to the nature of missed care but there is a paucity of findings about how missed care impacts on learning firstly as a student and then as a graduate nurse employed in a hospital setting. Additionally, there is little emphasis as to how staff development for nurses exposed to missed care may be implemented. Methods: A non‐experimental research design using self‐audit data was selected to collect information about the types and frequencies of missed care from nurses engaging in clinical experience. A convenience sample of 471 nursing students completing their undergraduate nursing degree programme was explored. A multi‐variate statistical approach was used to apply and then model the consensus scores of undergraduate nurses' beliefs about the frequency of missed care. Implications for their developing competence in critical thinking, therapeutic communication and maintaining capacity for professional practice has been considered. Results: Eight variables directly affect student's total scores underpinning their understanding of missed care and their ability to meet professional standards of practice, given their exposure to care omission. These factors reflect differing nurse attributes, the nature of the clinical venues and shift times, preceptor type, student satisfaction with work teams and staffing adequacy. Conclusions: Modelling outcomes suggest possible changes to hospital staff development learning programme content, learning processes and how it may be better delivered through to minimize episodes of missed care. Implications for Nursing Management: Staff development needs to note that nursing staff believe missed care occurs across all three‐patient acuity domains with patient observation, education, support, and timely medication administration being most frequently omitted. Different clinical venues within the hospital sector and shift times vary in nurses' exposure with missed care. Student nurses' learning and associated development of practice standards is impacted by prior exposure to missed care during clinical placement. Non‐native English‐speaking nurses require greatest learning support in the presence of missed care. As missed care can be predicted, remedial changes to the nurse staff development program content and learning processes can be orchestrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Only a limited number of items involved in missed nursing care inventories specifically focused on infection control practices. The study aimed to adapt and evaluate psychometric properties of the Czech and Slovak version of the Infection Control Missed Care survey; and to assess and compare the amount, type,and reasons for missed nursing care in infection prevention and control amongCzech and Slovak nurses. Methods: The convenience sample of 1459 nurses from the Czechand Slovak republic was recruited. Analysis of the nurses' responses to both subscales of the surveys and validation of their data was undertaken using the item response theory (Rasch scaling). Results: The now-modified Czech version consists only of 20 items measuring the type and frequency of missed care and 11 items focusing on the reasons for missed care. The now modified Slovak version consists of 34 items measuring the type and frequency of missed care and 17 items measuring the reasons for missed care. Reliability estimates with the removal of unreliable items showed acceptable reliability estimates for both sub-scales of the instrument. Conclusions: With modification to the two subscales used in the survey (removal of poorly fitting items) it should be reliable, and the resulting data could be used for further investigation such as factor analysis or modelling. The modified Infection Control Missed Care survey could be useful in further research investigating a relationship between nurse staffing, skill mix, and infection control outcomes in acute care hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to quantify types and frequencies of missed infection control care and to develop a theoretical model for estimating nurses' consensus scores about this form of missed care. Design: A non‐experimental research design using self‐audit data was selected to collect information about the types and frequencies of missed infection control care from nurses employed in hospitals located in three different countries. Data collection commenced mid‐year 2018. Methods: A multivariate approach was used to apply the consensus scores of 1.911 internationally based nurses in the missed opportunities for maintaining infection control. Results/findings: Thirteen variables exert direct effects on the nurses' total scores underpinning missed infection control care. These include the methods used to prevent hospital‐acquired infections, surveillance and hand hygiene practices. Significant nurses' demographic factors also included their countries of origin, employment status, employer type, job retention intentions, work intensity, length of clinical experience and staff development attendance. Conclusion: In magnitude of importance and having the largest effect on missed infection control care is missed care related to reducing hospital‐acquired infections followed closely by surveillance. Missed infection control care can be quantified, and variances in its practices can be accounted by exploring the nurses' differing demographic factors, including the nurses' country of origin. Impact: Variations in missed infection control care can be accounted for across three countries. While ward hygiene is underestimated by staff as a mechanism to minimize nosocomial infections, infection control surveillance remains the key to reducing hospital‐acquired infections. The study's outcomes invite the use of an ongoing, whole‐of‐organization approach to infection control with scrutiny being needed for improved staff adherence particularly with hand hygiene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SOME COMPANIES ARE IMPLEMENTING INTERORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION SYSTEMS (IOSs) WITH TRADING PARTNERS THAT ALLOW THEM TO SHARE DATA AND software across organizational boundaries. The authors explore the effect of IOSs on [...]

Aim: To compare the perceptions of nurses with infection control expertise and ward nurses as to what infection control activities are missed and the reasons why these activities are omitted. Background: Infection prevention activities are viewed as important for reducing health care‐acquired infections (HAIs) but are often poorly performed. Methods: Data were collected through the Missed Nursing Care Infection Prevention and Control (MNCIPC) Survey delivered to 500 Australian nurses prior to COVID‐19. Results: Significant differences were found on the mean scores between infection control and other nurses on ten items. In eight cases, five relating to hand hygiene, infection control specialists viewed the activity as more likely to be missed. Factors viewed as having greater contribution to omission of infection control prevention were as follows: 'Patients have to share bathrooms', 'Urgent patient situation' and 'Unexpected rise in patient volume and/or acuity on the ward/unit'. Infection control nurses were more likely to highlight the role of organisational and management factors in preventing effective infection control. Conclusions: Differences in response between nurses suggest that the extent of omission of infection control precautions may be under‐estimated by ward nurses. Implications for Nursing Management: Infection control specialists are more likely to identify organisational barriers to effective infection control than other nurses. Work demands arising from pandemic management may contribute to infection control precautions being missed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The aim was to translate and validate the Missed Nursing Care in Infection Prevention and Control Survey for its use in the Lithuanian context. Methods: A convenience sample of 331 nurses was surveyed. The study instrument explored missed care in the context of infection prevention and control practices. Rasch analysis was undertaken using Winsteps® Rasch measurement computer program and the generalized item response modelling software. Results: The Missed Nursing Care in Infection Prevention and Control Survey in the Lithuanian language demonstrated unidimensionality and provided evidence of item fit to the modified instrument. The reliability of both sub‐scales was 0.78 and 0.98, respectively. Differing consensus between the nurses based on their perceived frequencies and reasons of missed care was demonstrated. Conclusions: The final Lithuanian version of the Missed Nursing Care in Infection Prevention and Control Survey consists of 29 items that assess type and frequency of missed care and 17 items that identify reasons for missed care. Implications for Nursing Management: Unit managers will be able to use the modified scales to generate evidence as to the sources of missed infection control practices in their clinical areas and the rationale for the breaks in the hierarchy of mandatory infection prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To estimate and model the types and frequencies of care that nurses and carers self‐identify as being missed in the Australian residential aged care sector. Background: The study advances missed care research to explore how the care of elderly Australians is compromised. Methods: A multi‐variate approach was used to apply the consensus scores of 2,467 staff to missed opportunities for resident health promotion and restorative care. Results: Eight latent care variables have direct predictor effects on missed Australian residential aged care, all of which are largely under the control of residential care management, with the exception of the physical locality of the aged care settings. Conclusion: Missed care, associated with maximizing the residents' life potential, relieving their distress and maintaining their current health can be quantified and predicted. Implications for Nursing Management: Aged care policies that maximize adequate staffing numbers with appropriate levels of skill are paramount to minimizing missed Australian residential care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To support the development of appropriate policies and actions in the field of missed nursing care (MNC). Background: There has been an ever‐growing international debate on MNC, interventions that nurses have identified as necessary for their patients, but which for various reasons they are unable to provide or are forced to delay. Despite MNC's relevance, its translation into policies and actions has not been documented to date. Method: A consensus development method was employed involving (a) a nominal group composed of experts in the field, policymakers and the President of the Regional Nursing Professional Boards, and (b) 218 nurses appointed primarily at the managerial levels. Results: A total of eight consensus statements were approved and organized in a series of sub‐statements designed to (1) render the concept of MNC culturally acceptable in the Italian context, with the agreement that compromised nursing care (CNC) is the best term to be used in this field, as a synonym for MNC; (2) measure CNC as a strategy to increase patient safety; (3) select an appropriate CNC measurement tool; (4) optimize CNC measurement; (5) conduct effective CNC data analysis; (6) design and implement interventions to prevent and/or minimize CNC; (7) assess and disseminate findings on interventions' effectiveness; and (8) provide final remarks on the way to move forward. Conclusions: We developed a process to introduce the phenomenon of MNC in the Italian culture and agreed firstly on the term compromised nursing care, which better reflects MNC's meaning according to the context and facilitates an open discussion on the phenomenon both within and outside the profession. The following consensus statements emerged represent a systematic approach, starting from the measurement and finishing with the re‐measurement of the occurrence of MNC after having implemented concrete actions. Implications for Nursing Management: The approved consensus statements can guide decision‐makers to develop concrete policies and actions that promote the improvement of quality of care and patients' safety by minimizing and/or preventing MNC's occurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian government has reduced restrictions on ownership of residential aged care facilities (RACF) as part of aged care reform enabling the growth of private‐for‐profit ownership. This study explores the impact of private‐for‐profit ownership through comparison of perceptions of the volume of missed care in government, private‐not‐profit and for‐profit RACF in Australia. Data were collected through development and administration of a MISSCARE survey to 3,206 nurses and personal care workers (PCW) working in RACF and hospitals providing aged care services. Employees working within government owned facilities reported levels of missed care that are significantly lower than privately owned facilities on six activities: moving patients who cannot walk; assisting residents' toileting within 5 min of request; assisting resident mouth care; assessing skin integrity; answering call bells within 5 min and wound care. Staffing levels were identified as the most common reason for missed care across all settings. Of the 27 factors identified as causing missed care, government employees reported significantly lower scores for 16 items. Further research is needed on the impact of facility ownership upon capacity of nurses and personal care workers to deliver care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Purpose: Current measures of missed nursing care employ inventories of tasks which are rated for the frequency with which each is missed. These lists have shortcomings for research and clinical evaluation. There is a need for measures with less response burden, wider generalizability, and greater sensitivity and specificity for identifying poor quality care. Methods: We tested a single-item, global, measure using data from a large study of missed care in Australia. We employed traditional and innovative analysis techniques such as receiver operating characteristic curve and item response theory. Results: The single-item measure had adequate concurrent and convergent validity when compared to one list-format measure of missed care and strong sensitivity and specificity for identifying poor quality care. Conclusions: A well-crafted single-item measure, such as the one tested, can be useful for measuring missed nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing nursing literature that views missed nursing care as an inevitable consequence of work intensification associated with the rationing of the human and material resources required to deliver care. A modified MISSCARE survey was administered to 4431 nurses and midwives in New South Wales in November 2014. This paper reports on 947 responses to an open question contained in the survey which asked respondents ‘Is there anything else you would like to tell us about missed care?’ Responses were analysed using qualitative content analysis and focused upon both the causes and impact of missed care. Analysis identified two major causes of missed care: the impact of work intensification and staffing issues. Participants associated work intensification with patient acuity and cost containment, while the staffing issues identified included: undermining prescribed staffing ratios; skill mix; changing workloads across shifts; and poor support from other staff. Respondents identified insufficient resources, albeit staffing or other resources, to meet patient care needs reflecting findings in similar studies. Missed or delayed nursing care in this context is associated with resource issues leading nurses to ration the care they can provide. While work intensification is not a new phenomenon, its increasing use in the public hospital sector across a number of OECD countries has become a major consequence of new public management (NPM) strategies aimed at cost containment. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Australia, along with other countries, has introduced New Public Management (NPM) into public sector hospitals in an effort to contain healthcare costs. NPM is associated with outsourcing of service provision, the meeting of government performance indicators, workforce flexibility and rationing of resources. This study explores the impact of rationing of staffing and other resources upon delivery of care outside of business hours. Data was collected through semistructured interviews conducted with 21 nurses working in 2 large Australian metropolitan hospitals. Participants identified four strategies associated with NPM which add to workload after‐hours and impacted on the capacity to deliver nursing care. These were functional flexibility, vertical substitution of staff, meeting externally established performance indicators and outsourcing. We conclude that cost containment alongside of the meeting of performance indicators has extended work traditionally performed during business hours beyond those hours when less staffing and material resources are available. This adds to nursing workload and potentially contributes to incomplete nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines missed care through dialogues examining the perceptions of nurses in regard to missed care occasions. Using a critical discourse analysis (CDA), the study explores the truth claims of participants who describe the challenges they encounter in daily attempts to deliver what they consider effective patient care. These are compared to the mandates of state and organisational policy prescribing clinical practice. The boundaries of tension that are expressed by nurses within the milieu of missed care are explored through in-depth interviews. CDA is interested in social organisation and the interplay of people's activities within it, the focus being on how they construe and internalise such activity. Nurses' perceptions and realities become central to any investigation because they are often organised by more than their own intentions or motivations, with influences such as professional standards or organisational rules subconsciously locating their reality. Instead of identifying occasions of omitted care, nurses spoke of constraints related to budget, staffing, skill mix and mandated policy as constraining their ability to complete care activities. Factors emerged that suggest that missed care is the consequence of routinised and standardised practice, cited as cost effective care, at the expense of professional autonomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work intensification is assumed to incorporate either longer working hours or a quickening of the pace or speed of work. In this paper, we argue that 'missed care' is a proxy for work intensification or work effort in nursing. Using Kalisch's MISSCARE survey tool, with modifications to suit the South Australian context we surveyed 354 registered and enrolled nurses between October and December 2012. Survey participants were recruited through the Australian Nursing and Midwifery Federation (SA Branch). The MISSCARE survey tool presents participants with a 5-point scale where 1 is never omitted care and 5 is always omitted care. Survey findings suggest that the tasks most often missed are ambulation of patients and mouth care. Tasks lest likely to be missed are blood glucose monitoring; hand washing; IV/central line care and providing PRN medication within 15 minutes. These findings suggest that when nurses are forced to ration care, priority is given to clinical tasks that will impact on immediate patient outcomes. In identifying the reasons why they missed care, nurses reported that while staffing often appeared adequate, sudden and unexpected rises in patient volume, heavy admissions and discharges, and inadequate numbers of staff or clerical support were key indicators of missed care. These unpredictable events resulted in an increase in work intensity and pace that was independent of extended working hours or overtime. We argue that one of the outcomes of work intensification is missed care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quality of Life (QoL) is a subjective perception a person has of their position in life. Tailoring care to a patient's unique needs requires nurses and patients to have a similar understanding of a patients' QoL. This study aimed to identify: (a) the level of agreement between patients and nurses about cancer patients' QoL; and (b) variables that may affect the level of agreement between them. Cancer patients (n=117) and nurses (n=49) from a public hospital were invited separately to complete the World Health Organisation Quality of Life Brief (WHOQoL-BREF) questionnaire. This assesses QoL in physical, psychological, social relationship and environmental domains, or dimensions. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) revealed a moderate agreement between nurses' and patients' scores in the physical QoL domain but lower agreement on other domains. A paired t-test identified patients' QoL domain scores were significantly higher than that of nurses in social relationship and environmental domains. Multivariate analysis using standard multiple regression analysis demonstrated that agreement between patients and nurses was higher: (a) in the physical QoL domain with nurses who have greater clinical experience with cancer patients; (b) in the social relationship QoL domain when patients are treated in outpatient departments. These results imply that differences exist between patients' and nurses' perceptions about cancer patients' QoL and nurses tend to underestimate patients' QoL in social relationship and environmental domains. Higher clinical experience with cancer patients may contribute toward a better understanding by nurses of cancer patients' QoL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of the Internet is leading a re-evaluation of existing business practice as the methods employed in a non-virtual world may not necessarily be as effective in a virtual environment. The present paper examines the different strategic options facing organizations as they attempt to build a customer base on the Internet. The traditional site-centric approach of directing traffic to a central Internet site suffers from the problems of the increasing costs and decreasing effectiveness of Internet advertising. An alternative strategy is the symbiotic approach which is based on the concept of mutuality. A strategy of symbiotic marketing involves one organization providing functionality for another organization's Internet site. In exchange for the provision of functionality for another Internet site the provider benefits from a increased market coverage and reach. Although the strategy of symbiotic marketing may initially appear counter-intuitive,the following paper highlights the potential advantages for a company pursuing such a strategy.The case demonstrates such a strategy exits as a low cost method of developing a customer base on the Internet. Finally, the potential scope of symbiotic marketing is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the various models of New Product Development (NPD) process shows that although different approaches have been proposed, they are in fact all variants on a linear theme: some may include feedback loops, but they all essentially advocate that certain steps precede, or are preceded by, others. An inevitable consequence on the Internet/World Wide Web (WWW or Web) is that such models are no longer applicable. Based on the lessons learned from the development of a new financial service offered via the Internet, we show how such assumptions of linearity need no longer be a constraint. In addition, innovativeness is not related to firm size. But the fact that the Web allows for the real-time development of new financial services based on on-going feedback from potential and current customers raises a new set of managerial issues that have to be tackled. The objective of this paper is to use the context of the recent launch of an innovative financial service product via the Web to explore the managerial changes that are starting to affect the banking industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Introduction: The incidences and types of missed nursing care in the acute care and community sectors are both ubiquitous and quantifiable, however, there are few research studies relating to the type and frequency of missed maternity-based care for mothers and families. The aim of this study is to estimate the incidences and types of Australian missed midwifery care and to identify those factors that have causal links to it., Methods: A non-experimental, descriptive method using a Likert developed MISSCARE scale was used to ascertain consensus estimates made by Australian midwives. Electronic invitations were extended to their membership using an inclusive link to the MISSCARE survey. Inclusion criteria were all ANMF members who were midwives and currently employed within the Australian public and private healthcare systems. Data analysis was undertaken using both Rasch analysis and Structural Equation Modelling., Results: The type and frequency of missed Australian midwifery care can be quantified and several demographic factors are significant predictor variables for overall missed midwifery care. The most prevalent aspects of missed care in the Australian midwifery setting are midwives' hand hygiene, supportive care, perinatal education, and surveillance type midwifery practices., Conclusions: As the frequencies and types of missed midwifery care in Australia have been identified, it is possible for midwives to be mindful of minimising care omissions related to hand hygiene, providing supportive care and education to mothers as well as surveillance-type midwifery practices., Competing Interests: The authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest and none was reported., (© 2020 Blackman I. et al.)

. Missed nursing care and italian nursing practice: preliminary findings of a consensus conference. In recent years in Italy there has been renewed interest in missed nursing care due to various factors, such as participation in the RANCARE project, with 28 European and non-EU countries, the opportunity to develop international exchanges, specific projects and field based research. We explored a range of ideas and processes, culminating in a conference designed to address specific issues relating to missed nursing care, in the Italian nursing practice. After a preliminary review of the literature on the psychometric properties of the available tools, with the intent of further deepening our understanding of the concept of missed nursing care, its implications for practice, management, education and research. After two days of presentations and discussions, the more than participating nurses agreed on a set of preliminary recommendations regarding missed nursing care and Italian nursing practice. This paper reports on the preliminary consensus findings from the conference.

A hypothetical model was formulated to explore which factors can simultaneously influence the self-reported ability of agricultural employees to embrace chemical safety practices. Eight variables were considered in the study, including the employees' gender, age, duration of current employment status, and whether they were employed full-time or part-time. The self-efficacy measures of 169 participants were then estimated by measuring their self-rated ability to understand and perform different chemical safety practices. Models identifying employee self-efficacy pathways leading to worker readiness to engage in chemical safety were then tested using Partial Least Squares Path Analysis. Study results suggest that employees' self-efficacy to successfully engage in safe chemical practices in their workplace can be directly predicted by four variables, with additional indirect effects offered by one other variable, which cumulatively account for 41% of the variance of employees' chemical safety self-efficacy scores. The most significant predictor variables that directly influenced employees' self-efficacy in adopting chemical safety practices in the workplace were worker age, gender, years of employment, and concurrent confidence (self-efficacy) arising from prior experience using chemicals in the workplace. The variables of employees' prior knowledge and understanding about the use of administrative controls and personal protective equipment to protect workers from chemical exposure had no direct influence on self-efficacy to handle chemical emergencies. Employees' unfamiliarity with risk control strategies and reliance on material safety data sheets for information suggest that ongoing and targeted training are necessary if chemical safety issues are to be addressed.