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9. Cell types of origin of the cell-free transcriptome

Author

Jones, Robert C, Karkanias, Jim, Krasnow, Mark, Pisco, Angela Oliveira, Quake, Stephen R, Salzman, Julia, Yosef, Nir, Bulthaup, Bryan, Brown, Phillip, Harper, William, Hemenez, Marisa, Ponnusamy, Ravikumar, Salehi, Ahmad, Sanagavarapu, Bhavani A, Spallino, Eileen, Aaron, Ksenia A, Concepcion, Waldo, Gardner, James M, Kelly, Burnett, Neidlinger, Nikole, Wang, Zifa, Crasta, Sheela, Kolluru, Saroja, Morri, Maurizio, Tan, Serena Y, Travaglini, Kyle J, Xu, Chenling, Alcántara-Hernández, Marcela, Almanzar, Nicole, Antony, Jane, Beyersdorf, Benjamin, Burhan, Deviana, Calcuttawala, Kruti, Carter, Matthew M, Chan, Charles KF, Chang, Charles A, Chang, Stephen, Colville, Alex, Culver, Rebecca N, Cvijović, Ivana, D’Amato, Gaetano, Ezran, Camille, Galdos, Francisco X, Gillich, Astrid, Goodyer, William R, Hang, Yan, Hayashi, Alyssa, Houshdaran, Sahar, Huang, Xianxi, Irwin, Juan C, Jang, SoRi, Juanico, Julia Vallve, Kershner, Aaron M, Kim, Soochi, Kiss, Bernhard, Kong, William, Kumar, Maya E, Kuo, Angera H, Leylek, Rebecca, Li, Baoxiang, Loeb, Gabriel B, Lu, Wan-Jin, Mantri, Sruthi, Markovic, Maxim, McAlpine, Patrick L, de Morree, Antoine, Mrouj, Karim, Mukherjee, Shravani, Muser, Tyler, Neuhöfer, Patrick, Nguyen, Thi D, Perez, Kimberly, Phansalkar, Ragini, Puluca, Nazan, Qi, Zhen, Rao, Poorvi, Raquer-McKay, Hayley, Schaum, Nicholas, Scott, Bronwyn, Seddighzadeh, Bobak, Segal, Joe, Sen, Sushmita, Sikandar, Shaheen, Spencer, Sean P, Steffes, Lea, Subramaniam, Varun R, Swarup, Aditi, Swift, Michael, Van Treuren, Will, Trimm, Emily, Veizades, Stefan, Vijayakumar, Sivakamasundari, Vo, Kim Chi, Vorperian, Sevahn K, Wang, Wanxin, Weinstein, Hannah NW, Winkler, Juliane, Wu, Timothy TH, Xie, Jamie, and Yung, Andrea R

Subjects
Human Genome, Genetics, Cell-Free Nucleic Acids, Humans, Transcriptome, Tabula Sapiens Consortium
Abstract

Cell-free RNA from liquid biopsies can be analyzed to determine disease tissue of origin. We extend this concept to identify cell types of origin using the Tabula Sapiens transcriptomic cell atlas as well as individual tissue transcriptomic cell atlases in combination with the Human Protein Atlas RNA consensus dataset. We define cell type signature scores, which allow the inference of cell types that contribute to cell-free RNA for a variety of diseases.

Published
2022

10. The Tabula Sapiens: A multiple-organ, single-cell transcriptomic atlas of humans

Author

Jones, Robert C, Karkanias, Jim, Krasnow, Mark A, Pisco, Angela Oliveira, Quake, Stephen R, Salzman, Julia, Yosef, Nir, Bulthaup, Bryan, Brown, Phillip, Harper, William, Hemenez, Marisa, Ponnusamy, Ravikumar, Salehi, Ahmad, Sanagavarapu, Bhavani A, Spallino, Eileen, Aaron, Ksenia A, Concepcion, Waldo, Gardner, James M, Kelly, Burnett, Neidlinger, Nikole, Wang, Zifa, Crasta, Sheela, Kolluru, Saroja, Morri, Maurizio, Tan, Serena Y, Travaglini, Kyle J, Xu, Chenling, Alcántara-Hernández, Marcela, Almanzar, Nicole, Antony, Jane, Beyersdorf, Benjamin, Burhan, Deviana, Calcuttawala, Kruti, Carter, Matthew M, Chan, Charles KF, Chang, Charles A, Chang, Stephen, Colville, Alex, Culver, Rebecca N, Cvijović, Ivana, D'Amato, Gaetano, Ezran, Camille, Galdos, Francisco X, Gillich, Astrid, Goodyer, William R, Hang, Yan, Hayashi, Alyssa, Houshdaran, Sahar, Huang, Xianxi, Irwin, Juan C, Jang, SoRi, Juanico, Julia Vallve, Kershner, Aaron M, Kim, Soochi, Kiss, Bernhard, Kong, William, Kumar, Maya E, Kuo, Angera H, Li, Baoxiang, Loeb, Gabriel B, Lu, Wan-Jin, Mantri, Sruthi, Markovic, Maxim, McAlpine, Patrick L, de Morree, Antoine, Mrouj, Karim, Mukherjee, Shravani, Muser, Tyler, Neuhöfer, Patrick, Nguyen, Thi D, Perez, Kimberly, Puluca, Nazan, Qi, Zhen, Rao, Poorvi, Raquer-McKay, Hayley, Schaum, Nicholas, Scott, Bronwyn, Seddighzadeh, Bobak, Segal, Joe, Sen, Sushmita, Sikandar, Shaheen, Spencer, Sean P, Steffes, Lea C, Subramaniam, Varun R, Swarup, Aditi, Swift, Michael, Van Treuren, Will, Trimm, Emily, Veizades, Stefan, Vijayakumar, Sivakamasundari, Vo, Kim Chi, Vorperian, Sevahn K, Wang, Wanxin, Weinstein, Hannah NW, Winkler, Juliane, Wu, Timothy TH, Xie, Jamie, Yung, Andrea R, Zhang, Yue, and Detweiler, Angela M

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genetics, Human Genome, Generic health relevance, Atlases as Topic, B-Lymphocytes, Cells, Humans, Organ Specificity, RNA Splicing, Single-Cell Analysis, T-Lymphocytes, Transcriptome, Tabula Sapiens Consortium*, General Science & Technology
Abstract

Molecular characterization of cell types using single-cell transcriptome sequencing is revolutionizing cell biology and enabling new insights into the physiology of human organs. We created a human reference atlas comprising nearly 500,000 cells from 24 different tissues and organs, many from the same donor. This atlas enabled molecular characterization of more than 400 cell types, their distribution across tissues, and tissue-specific variation in gene expression. Using multiple tissues from a single donor enabled identification of the clonal distribution of T cells between tissues, identification of the tissue-specific mutation rate in B cells, and analysis of the cell cycle state and proliferative potential of shared cell types across tissues. Cell type-specific RNA splicing was discovered and analyzed across tissues within an individual.

Published
2022

12. Safety, immunogenicity, and reactogenicity of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines given as fourth-dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 or BNT162b2 and a third dose of BNT162b2 (COV-BOOST): a multicentre, blinded, phase 2, randomised trial

Author

Munro, Alasdair P S, Feng, Shuo, Janani, Leila, Cornelius, Victoria, Aley, Parvinder K, Babbage, Gavin, Baxter, David, Bula, Marcin, Cathie, Katrina, Chatterjee, Krishna, Dodd, Kate, Enever, Yvanne, Qureshi, Ehsaan, Goodman, Anna L, Green, Christopher A, Harndahl, Linda, Haughney, John, Hicks, Alexander, van der Klaauw, Agatha A, Kanji, Nasir, Libri, Vincenzo, Llewelyn, Martin J, McGregor, Alastair C, Minassian, Angela M, Moore, Patrick, Mughal, Mehmood, Mujadidi, Yama F, Holliday, Kyra, Osanlou, Orod, Osanlou, Rostam, Owens, Daniel R, Pacurar, Mihaela, Palfreeman, Adrian, Pan, Daniel, Rampling, Tommy, Regan, Karen, Saich, Stephen, Bawa, Tanveer, Saralaya, Dinesh, Sharma, Sunil, Sheridan, Ray, Maallah, Mina, Thomson, Emma C, Todd, Shirley, Twelves, Chris, Read, Robert C, Charlton, Sue, Hallis, Bassam, Ramsay, Mary, Andrews, Nick, Lambe, Teresa, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, Snape, Matthew D, Liu, Xinxue, Faust, Saul N, Riordan, Andrew, Ustianowski, Andrew, Rogers, Chris, Katechia, Kashyap, Cooper, Alison, Freedman, Andrew, Hughes, Rachel, Grundy, Lynne, Tudor Jones, Lona, Harrison, Elizabeth, Snashall, Emma, Mallon, Lewis, Burton, Katharine, Storton, Kim, Munusamy, Malathi, Tandy, Bridget, Egbo, Akamino, Cox, Stephen, Ahmed, Nabeela Nazir, Shenoy, Anil, Bousfield, Rachel, Wixted, Donna, Gutteridge, Helen, Mansfield, Becky, Herbert, Christopher, Murira, Jennifer, Calderwood, James, Barker, Dominique, Brandon, Jacqueline, Tulloch, Hayley, Colquhoun, Suzie, Thorp, Helen, Radford, Helen, Evans, Julie, Baker, Helena, Thorpe, Jeanette, Batham, Sally, Hailstone, Jessica, Phillips, Rachael, Kumar, Dileep, Westwell, Fran, Sturdy, Ann, Barcella, Lara, Soussi, Najwa, Mpelembue, Mushiya, Raj, Sreena, Sharma, Rajni, Corrah, Tumena, John, Laurence, Whittington, Ashley, Roche, Siobhan, Wagstaff, Lynda, Farrier, Adam, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Abeywickrama, Movin, Spence, Niamh, Packham, Alice, Serafimova, Teona, Aslam, Suahil, McGreevy, Caitlin, Borca, Alessandro, DeLosSantosDominguez, Pamela, Palmer, Emily, Broadhead, Samantha, Farooqi, Sadaf, Piper, Jo, Weighell, Rowena, Pickup, Lorinda, Shamtally, Djamila, Domingo, Jason, Kourampa, Evgenia, Hale, Colin, Gibney, Jennifer, Stackpoole, Michael, Rashid-Gardner, Zalina, Lyon, Rebecca, McDonnell, Chloe, Cole, Christine, Stewart, Anna, McMillan, Gillian, Savage, Mary, Beckett, Helen, Moorbey, Chantelle, Desai, Amisha, Brown, Claire, Naker, Kush, Gokani, Karishma, Trinham, Charlotte, Sabine, Charlette, Moore, Sophie, Hurdover, Steve, Justice, Edwin, Stone, Megan, Plested, Emma, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, White, Rachel, Robinson, Hannah, Turnbull, Iain, Morshead, Gertraud, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, Smith, Catherine, Li, Grace, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A, Bibi, Sagida, Singh, Michael, Champaneri, Trishna, Irwin, Margaret, Khan, Mohammed, Kownacka, Alicia, Nabunjo, Martha, Osuji, Carol, Hladkiwskyj, John, Galvin, Dominic, Patel, Gita, Grierson, Jacques, Males, Samantha, Askoolam, Krishna, Barry, Joshua, Mouland, Johanna, Longhurst, Beverley, Moon, Maria, Giddins, Beth, Pereira Dias Alves, Carlota, Richmond, Leah, Minnis, Christine, Baryschpolec, Sonia, Elliott, Scott, Fox, Lauren, Graham, Victoria, Baker, Natalie, Godwin, Kerry, Buttigieg, Karen, Knight, Chanice, Brown, Phillip, Lall, Paminder, Shaik, Imam, Chiplin, Emily, Brunt, Emily, Leung, Stephanie, Allen, Lauren, Thomas, Steve, Fraser, Sara, Choi, Bea, Gouriet, Jade, Perkins, Jonathan, Gowland, Andrew, Macdonald, Jonathan, Seenan, John Paul, Starinskij, Igor, Seaton, Andrew, Peters, Erica, Singh, Stephen, Gardside, Ben, Bonnaud, Avril, Davies, Ceri, Gordon, Elizabeth, Keenan, Samantha, Hall, Jane, Wilkins, Suzanne, Tasker, Suzanne, James, Rob, Seath, Ingrid, Littlewood, Kelly, Newman, Joseph, Boubriak, Iryna, Suggitt, Debbie, Haydock, Helen, Bennett, Sara, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Hughes, Kerry, Bell, Judith, Coughlan, Tricia, van Welsenes, Donald, Kamal, Mohammed, Cooper, Chris, Tunstall, Simon, Ronan, Nicholas, Cutts, Rebecca, Dare, Tracey, Yim, Yee Ting Nicole, Whittley, Sarah, Hamal, Shama, Ricamara, Marivic, Adams, Kirsty, Baker, Holly, Driver, Kimberley, Turner, Nicola, Rawlins, Todd, Roy, Subarna, Merida-Morillas, Marta, Sakagami, Yukari, Andrews, Antonette, Goncalvescordeiro, Lillian, Stokes, Matthew, Ambihapathy, Wythehi, Spencer, Joanne, Parungao, Nina, Berry, Lisa, Cullinane, James, Presland, Laura, Ross Russell, Amy, Warren, Sarah, Baker, Jonathan, Oliver, Abigail, Buadi, Amanda, Lee, Kim, Haskell, Louise, Romani, Rossana, Bentley, Ian, Whitbred, Tim, Fowler, Simon, Gavin, John, Magee, Alan, Watson, Tara, Nightingale, Kari, Marius, Phedra, Summerton, Eloise, Locke, Emily, Honey, Thomas, Lingwood, Aidan, de la Haye, Anastasia, Elliott, Ryan Stephen, Underwood, Karen, King, Mikayala, Davies-Dear, Sharon, Horsfall, Emily, Chalwin, Olivia, Burton, Holly, Edwards, Christopher J, Welham, Benjamin, Appleby, Kim, Dineen, Emily, Garrahy, Sarah, Hall, Fran, Ladikou, Eleni, Mullan, Dee, Hansen, Daniel, Campbell, Marion, Dos Santos, Filipa, Lakeman, Nicki, Branney, Debbie, Vamplew, Luke, Hogan, Alison, Frankham, Jorden, Wiselka, Martin, Vail, Denny, Wenn, Victoria, Renals, Valerie, Ellis, Kate, Lewis-Taylor, Jessica, Habash-Bailey, Haniah, Magan, Javier, and Hardy, Anna

Published
2022
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13. Education, opportunity and the future of work in the fourth industrial revolution.

Author

Brown, Phillip

Subjects
*INDUSTRY 4.0, *DIGITAL technology, *GENERATIVE artificial intelligence, *INDUSTRIAL productivity, *TECHNOLOGICAL innovations
Abstract

It is widely believed digital technologies are transforming all aspects of economy and society, driven by scientific advances across interdisciplinary fields and innovations relating to artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, robotics, etc. But what, if anything, is revolutionary about these developments and what are the implications for the neo-liberal opportunity bargain based on a market competition where 'learning equals earning'. This article outlines different interpretations of the 'fourth industrial revolution' presenting contrasting theories of labour scarcity and job scarcity, to highlight why we need to rethink education, opportunity and the future of work in a context of increasing job scarcity. This is urgent not because we are approaching the end of work, but the end of 'knowledge' work as understood in public policy, with no viable solution to how to create in a new opportunity bargain for a fair and efficient future of work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. The End of the Credential Society? An Analysis of the Relationship between Education and the Labour Market Using Big Data

Author

Brown, Phillip and Souto-Otero, Manuel

Abstract

A major focus of sociological research is on the role of the credential as a 'currency of opportunity', mediating the relationship between education and occupational destinations. However, the labour market has largely remained a 'black box' in sociological and education policy studies. This article draws on 'big data' from over 21,000,000 job adverts to explore how employers in the UK describe job requirements, with particular reference to the role of credentials. It challenges existing theories premised upon the notion that higher levels of formal education determine individual (dis)advantage in the competition for jobs. Although they have different views of the relationship between credentials, opportunity and efficiency, these theories assume that credentials largely determine occupational hiring. Our analysis suggests that formal academic credentials play a relatively minor differentiating role in the UK labour market, as the majority of employer's place greater emphasis on 'job readiness'. This raises a number of issues for sociological and policy analysis, including the future role of credentials in the (re)production of educational and labour market inequalities. Methodologically, the article highlights how the use of big data can contribute to the analysis of education, skills and the labour market.

Published
2020
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15. Some Observations on the Race to Higher Education, Digital Technologies and the Future of Work

Author

Brown, Phillip

Abstract

A fundamental shift is taking place in the way we think about the future of work and its relationship to education, training and the labour market. Until recently, expanding higher education was widely believed to result in higher earnings, reflecting an insatiable demand for knowledge workers. In the United Kingdom, this race to higher education included a major transfer of resources from further and adult provision to higher education. This paper raises a number of issues in rethinking tertiary education in a context of digital disruption.

Published
2020
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18. Safety and immunogenicity of seven COVID-19 vaccines as a third dose (booster) following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK (COV-BOOST): a blinded, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial

Author

Riordan, Andrew, Ustianowski, Andrew, Rogers, Chris A, Hughes, Stephen, Longshaw, Laura, Stockport, Jane, Hughes, Rachel, Grundy, Lynne, Tudor Jones, Lona, Guha, Arpan, Snashall, Emma, Eadsforth, Tom, Reeder, Sally, Storton, Kim, Munusamy, Malathi, Tandy, Bridget, Egbo, Akamino, Cox, Stephen, Ahmed, Nabeela Nazir, Shenoy, Anil, Bousfield, Rachel, Wixted, Donna, Gutteridge, Helen, Mansfield, Becky, Herbert, Christopher, Holliday, Kyra, Calderwood, James, Barker, Dominique, Brandon, Jacqueline, Tulloch, Hayley, Colquhoun, Suzie, Thorp, Helen, Radford, Helen, Evans, Julie, Baker, Helena, Thorpe, Jeanette, Batham, Sally, Hailstone, Jessica, Phillips, Rachael, Kumar, Dileep, Westwell, Fran, Makia, Fiona, Hopkins, NinaSimone, Barcella, Lara, Mpelembue, Mushiya, dabagh, Maja, lang, Matilda, khan, Farida, Adebambo, Olumide, Chita, Sunder, Corrah, Tumena, Whittington, Ashley, John, Laurence, Roche, Siobhan, Wagstaff, Lynda, Farrier, Adam, Bisnauthsing, Karen, Serafimova, Teona, Nanino, Elisa, Cooney, Enya, Wilson-Goldsmith, Jaimie, Nguyen, Hanna, Mazzella, Andrea, Jackson, Beth, Aslam, Suahil, Bawa, Tanveer, Broadhead, Samantha, Farooqi, Sadaf, Piper, Jo, Weighell, Rowena, Pickup, Lorinda, Shamtally, Djamila, Domingo, Jason, Kourampa, Evgenia, Hale, Colin, Gibney, Jennifer, Stackpoole, Michael, Rashid-Gardner, Zalina, Lyon, Rebecca, McDonnell, Chloe, Cole, Christine, Stewart, Anna, McMillan, Gillian, Savage, Mary, Beckett, Helen, Moorbey, Chantelle, Desai, Amisha, Brown, Claire, Naker, Kush, Qureshi, Ehsaan, Trinham, Charlotte, Sabine, Charlotte, Moore, Sophie, Hurdover, Steve, Justice, Edwin, Smith, David, Plested, Emma, Ferreira Da Silva, Carla, White, Rachel, Robinson, Hannah, Cifuentes, Liliana, Morshead, Gertraud, Drake-Brockman, Rachael, Kinch, Patrick, Kasanyinga, Mwila, Clutterbuck, Elizabeth A., Bibi, Sagida, Stuart, Arabella SV, Shaw, Robert H, Singh, Michael, Champaneri, Trishna, Irwin, Margaret, Khan, Mohammed, Kownacka, Alicja, Nabunjo, Martha, Osuji, Carool, Hladkiwskyj, John, Galvin, Dominic, Patel, Gita, Mouland, Johanna, Longhurst, Beverley, Moon, Maria, Giddins, Beth, Pereira Dias Alves, Carlota, Richmond, Leah, Minnis, Christine, Baryschpolec, Sonia, Elliott, Scott, Fox, Lauren, Graham, Victoria, Baker, Natalie, Godwin, Kerry, Buttigieg, Karren, Knight, Chanice, Brown, Phillip, Lall, Paminder, Shaik, Imam, Chiplin, Emily, Brunt, Emily, Leung, Stephanie, Allen, Lauren, Thomas, Steve, Fraser, Sara, Choi, Bea, Gouriet, Jade, Freedman, Andrew, Perkins, Jonathan, Gowland, Andrew, Macdonald, Jonathan, Seenan, John Paul, Starinskij, Igor, Seaton, Andrew, Peters, Erica, Singh, Stephen, Gardside, Ben, Bonnaud, Avril, Davies, Ceri, Gordon, Elizabeth, Keenan, Samantha, Hall, Jane, Wilkins, Suzanne, Tasker, Suzanne, James, Rob, Seath, Ingrid, Littlewood, Kelly, Newman, Joseph, Boubriak, Iryna, Suggitt, Debbie, Haydock, Helen, Bennett, Sara, Woodyatt, Wiesia, Hughes, Kerry, Bell, Judith, Coughlan, Tricia, van Welsenes, Donald, Kamal, Mohammed, Cooper, Chris, Tunstall, Simon, Ronan, Nicholas, Cutts, Rebecca, Dare, Tracey, Yim, Yee Ting Nicole, Whittley, Sarah, Ricamara, Marivic, Hamal, Shama, Adams, Kirsty, Baker, Holly, Driver, Kimberley, Turner, Nicola, Rawlins, Todd, Roy, Subarna, Merida-Morillas, Marta, Sakagami, Yukari, Andrews, Antonette, Goncalves cordeiro, Lillian, Stokes, Matthew, Ambihapathy, Wythehi, Spencer, Joanne, Parungao, Nina, Berry, Lisa, Cullinane, James, Presland, Laura, Ross-Russell, Amy, Warren, Sarah, Baker, Jonathan, Oliver, Abigail, Buadi, Amanda, Lee, Kim, Haskell, Louise, Romani, Rossana, Bentley, Ian, Whitbred, Tim, Fowler, Simon, Gavin, John, Magee, Alan, Watson, Tara, Nightingale, Kari, Marius, Phedra, Summerton, Eloise, Locke, Emily, Honey, Thomas, Lingwood, Aidan, de la Haye, Anastasia, Elliott, Ryan Stephen, Underwood, Karen, King, Mikayala, Davies-Dear, Sharon, Horsfall, Emily, Chalwin, Olivia, Burton, Holly, Edwards, Christopher J, Welham, Benjamin, Garrahy, Sarah, Hall, Fran, Ladikou, Eleni, Mullan, Dee, Hansen, Daniel, Campbell, Marion, Dos Santos, Filipa, Habash-Bailey, Haniah, Lakeman, Nicki, Branney, Debbie, Vamplew, Luke, Hogan, Alison, Frankham, Jorden, Wiselka, Martin, Vail, Dennyl, Wenn, Victoria, Renals, Valerie, Ellis, Kate, Lewis-Taylor, Jessica, Magan, Javier, Hardy, Anna, Appleby, Kim, Munro, Alasdair P S, Janani, Leila, Cornelius, Victoria, Aley, Parvinder K, Babbage, Gavin, Baxter, David, Bula, Marcin, Cathie, Katrina, Chatterjee, Krishna, Dodd, Kate, Enever, Yvanne, Gokani, Karishma, Goodman, Anna L, Green, Christopher A, Harndahl, Linda, Haughney, John, Hicks, Alexander, van der Klaauw, Agatha A, Kwok, Jonathan, Lambe, Teresa, Libri, Vincenzo, Llewelyn, Martin J, McGregor, Alastair C, Minassian, Angela M, Moore, Patrick, Mughal, Mehmood, Mujadidi, Yama F, Murira, Jennifer, Osanlou, Orod, Osanlou, Rostam, Owens, Daniel R, Pacurar, Mihaela, Palfreeman, Adrian, Pan, Daniel, Rampling, Tommy, Regan, Karen, Saich, Stephen, Salkeld, Jo, Saralaya, Dinesh, Sharma, Sunil, Sheridan, Ray, Sturdy, Ann, Thomson, Emma C, Todd, Shirley, Twelves, Chris, Read, Robert C, Charlton, Sue, Hallis, Bassam, Ramsay, Mary, Andrews, Nick, Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S, Snape, Matthew D, Liu, Xinxue, and Faust, Saul N

Published
2021
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19. Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody by wild-type plaque reduction neutralization, microneutralization and pseudotyped virus neutralization assays

Author

Bewley, Kevin R., Coombes, Naomi S., Gagnon, Luc, McInroy, Lorna, Baker, Natalie, Shaik, Imam, St-Jean, Julien R., St-Amant, Natalie, Buttigieg, Karen R., Humphries, Holly E., Godwin, Kerry J., Brunt, Emily, Allen, Lauren, Leung, Stephanie, Brown, Phillip J., Penn, Elizabeth J., Thomas, Kelly, Kulnis, Greg, Hallis, Bassam, Carroll, Miles, Funnell, Simon, and Charlton, Sue

Published
2021
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21. Comparison of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques as an infection model for COVID-19

Author

Salguero, Francisco J., White, Andrew D., Slack, Gillian S., Fotheringham, Susan A., Bewley, Kevin R., Gooch, Karen E., Longet, Stephanie, Humphries, Holly E., Watson, Robert J., Hunter, Laura, Ryan, Kathryn A., Hall, Yper, Sibley, Laura, Sarfas, Charlotte, Allen, Lauren, Aram, Marilyn, Brunt, Emily, Brown, Phillip, Buttigieg, Karen R., Cavell, Breeze E., Cobb, Rebecca, Coombes, Naomi S., Darby, Alistair, Daykin-Pont, Owen, Elmore, Michael J., Garcia-Dorival, Isabel, Gkolfinos, Konstantinos, Godwin, Kerry J., Gouriet, Jade, Halkerston, Rachel, Harris, Debbie J., Hender, Thomas, Ho, Catherine M. K., Kennard, Chelsea L., Knott, Daniel, Leung, Stephanie, Lucas, Vanessa, Mabbutt, Adam, Morrison, Alexandra L., Nelson, Charlotte, Ngabo, Didier, Paterson, Jemma, Penn, Elizabeth J., Pullan, Steve, Taylor, Irene, Tipton, Tom, Thomas, Stephen, Tree, Julia A., Turner, Carrie, Vamos, Edith, Wand, Nadina, Wiblin, Nathan R., Charlton, Sue, Dong, Xiaofeng, Hallis, Bassam, Pearson, Geoffrey, Rayner, Emma L., Nicholson, Andrew G., Funnell, Simon G., Hiscox, Julian A., Dennis, Mike J., Gleeson, Fergus V., Sharpe, Sally, and Carroll, Miles W.

Published
2021
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22. ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 protection against SARS-CoV-2 in rhesus macaque and ferret challenge models

Author

Lambe, Teresa, Spencer, Alexandra J., Thomas, Kelly M., Gooch, Karen E., Thomas, Stephen, White, Andrew D., Humphries, Holly E., Wright, Daniel, Belij-Rammerstorfer, Sandra, Thakur, Nazia, Conceicao, Carina, Watson, Robert, Alden, Leonie, Allen, Lauren, Aram, Marilyn, Bewley, Kevin R., Brunt, Emily, Brown, Phillip, Cavell, Breeze E., Cobb, Rebecca, Fotheringham, Susan A., Gilbride, Ciaran, Harris, Debbie J., Ho, Catherine M. K., Hunter, Laura, Kennard, Chelsea L., Leung, Stephanie, Lucas, Vanessa, Ngabo, Didier, Ryan, Kathryn A., Sharpe, Hannah, Sarfas, Charlotte, Sibley, Laura, Slack, Gillian S., Ulaszewska, Marta, Wand, Nadina, Wiblin, Nathan R., Gleeson, Fergus V., Bailey, Dalan, Sharpe, Sally, Charlton, Sue, Salguero, Francisco J., Carroll, Miles W., and Gilbert, Sarah C.

Published
2021
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24. Dose-dependent response to infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the ferret model and evidence of protective immunity

Author

Ryan, Kathryn A., Bewley, Kevin R., Fotheringham, Susan A., Slack, Gillian S., Brown, Phillip, Hall, Yper, Wand, Nadina I., Marriott, Anthony C., Cavell, Breeze E., Tree, Julia A., Allen, Lauren, Aram, Marilyn J., Bean, Thomas J., Brunt, Emily, Buttigieg, Karen R., Carter, Daniel P., Cobb, Rebecca, Coombes, Naomi S., Findlay-Wilson, Steve J., Godwin, Kerry J., Gooch, Karen E., Gouriet, Jade, Halkerston, Rachel, Harris, Debbie J., Hender, Thomas H., Humphries, Holly E., Hunter, Laura, Ho, Catherine M. K., Kennard, Chelsea L., Leung, Stephanie, Longet, Stephanie, Ngabo, Didier, Osman, Karen L., Paterson, Jemma, Penn, Elizabeth J., Pullan, Steven T., Rayner, Emma, Skinner, Oliver, Steeds, Kimberley, Taylor, Irene, Tipton, Tom, Thomas, Stephen, Turner, Carrie, Watson, Robert J., Wiblin, Nathan R., Charlton, Sue, Hallis, Bassam, Hiscox, Julian A., Funnell, Simon, Dennis, Mike J., Whittaker, Catherine J., Catton, Michael G., Druce, Julian, Salguero, Francisco J., and Carroll, Miles W.

Published
2021
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28. Structuring Catholic Schools: Creative Imagination Meets Canon Law

Author

Brown, Phillip J.

Abstract

This paper will explore the underlying requirements of canon law for establishing and administering Catholic schools, with a view toward helping to arrive at creative solutions to the question of how best to structure these schools civilly and canonically in order to ensure their temporal, spiritual, and religious well-being, and to assure that they can continue to make the kind of significant contributions to fulfilling the Catholic Church's educational mission in the United States that they have throughout U.S. history. This paper will first consider what a Catholic school is, canonically speaking. After taking a look at what canon law says a Catholic school is, it will consider the canonical role of the diocesan bishop in Catholic schools; both the minimal role that canon law anticipates for a bishop with respect to the Catholic schools in his diocese, and also the more enhanced role that he may wish to play and the schools may wish him to play. It will then move on to consider the kind of structures that are available in civil law for giving legal identity to a Catholic school, and how best to correlate the civil option chosen with the requirements of canon law and the desired ecclesial structure and juridic status. In doing so, it will highlight that in both canon and civil law school governance and the ownership of school property are central issues. It is hoped that both a fuller and a more particular understanding of what canon law actually says about Catholic schools will help to dispel the sense that canon law is an obstacle to creative school reorganization, and demonstrate instead that it can be a useful tool for structuring Catholic schools creatively and establishing norms of governance and administration that will enhance the security and smooth functioning of the school and assure that it is capable of delivering quality education and faith formation in an atmosphere imbued with a truly Catholic spirit. (Contains 45 notes.)

Published
2010

31. Tetracycline resistance in Listeria monocytogenes and L. innocua from wild black bears (Ursus americanus) in the United States is mediated by novel transposable elements.

Author

Brown, Phillip, Hernandez, Kevin, Parsons, Cameron, Yi Chen, Gould, Nicholas, DePerno, Christopher S., Niedermeyer, Jeffrey, and Kathariou, Sophia

Subjects
*LISTERIA monocytogenes, *TETRACYCLINE, *TETRACYCLINES, *LISTERIA innocua, *BLACK bear, *FOODBORNE diseases, *NATURAL immunity
Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular foodborne pathogen and the causative agent of the severe disease listeriosis. It is found ubiquitously in the environment and exhibits innate resistance to certain antimicrobials, but acquired antimicrobial resistance remains relatively uncommon. Given the potentially dire health outcomes associated with listeriosis, acquisition of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) by this pathogen is of considerable public health concern. AMR in L. monocytogenes has been surveyed frequently in strains of clinical and food origin, but much less commonly in wildlife. We analyzed 158 strains of L. monocytogenes and 27 of non-pathogenic Listeria spp. isolated from wild black bears (Ursus americanus) for resistance to a panel of antimicrobials. AMR was uncommon and noted mostly for tetracycline. Tetracycline resistance was more common in Listeria innocua than in L. monocytogenes. All tetracycline-resistant L. monocytogenes strains belonged to sequence type ST1039 and harbored the Tn916-like tet(M) transposon Tn916.1039 in a conserved chromosomal location. In contrast, three different tetracycline resistance elements, i.e., the tet(M) elements Tn5801.UAM and Tn5801.551 and the tet(S) element Tn6000.205, were ident ified among tetracycline-resistant strains of L. innocua. The greater prevalence and diversity of tetracycline resistance elements among bear-derived non-pathogenic Listeria strains suggest the potential of the latter to serve as reservoirs for retention and dive rsification of AMR determinants in this wildlife host and warrant their further monitoring and study. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes causes severe foodborne illness and is the only human pathogen in the genus Listeria. Previous surveys of AMR in Listeria focused on clinical sources and food or food processing environments, with AMR in strains from wildlife and other natural ecosystems remaining under-explored. We analyzed 185 sequenced strains from wild black bears (Ursus americanus) from the United States, including 158 and 27 L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, respectively. Tetracycline resistance was the most prevalent resistance trait. In L. monocytogenes, it was encountered exclusively in serotype 4b strains with the novel Tn916-like element Tn916.1039. In contrast, three distinct, novel tetracycline resistance elements (Tn5801.UAM, Tn5801.551, and Tn6000.205) were identified in L. innocua. Interestingly, Tn5801.551 was identical to elements in L. monocytogenes from a major foodborne outbreak in the United States in 2011. The findings suggest the importance of wildlife and non-pathogenic Listeria species as reservoir for resistance elements in Listeria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Credentials, Talent and Cultural Capital: A Comparative Study of Educational Elites in England and France

Author

Brown, Phillip, Power, Sally, Tholen, Gerbrand, and Allouch, Annabelle

Abstract

This article examines student accounts of credentials, talent and academic success, against a backdrop of the enduring liberal ideal of an education-based meritocracy. The article also examines Bourdieu's account of academic qualifications as the dominant source of institutionalised cultural capital, and concludes that it does not adequately account for comparative differences in the social structure of competition and ideological shifts in class (re)production in different national contexts. This analysis is based on an empirical investigation of elite students at Oxford University and Sciences Po in Paris. We investigated how they understand the competition for a livelihood and whether they see themselves as more "talented" than students from non-elite universities. This investigation revealed important similarities and differences between British and French students that have significant sociological implications for the (re)production and legitimation of educational and labour market inequalities.

Published
2016
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35. Education, Opportunity and the Prospects for Social Mobility

Author

Brown, Phillip

Abstract

There has been renewed policy interest in intergenerational social mobility as a route to a fairer society, but in ignoring the sociological evidence this article will argue that the current policy agenda will fail to achieve its goal. Based on an analysis of "social congestion", "social exclusion", and "social justice", it also argues that existing sociological research on education and social mobility needs to be extended. In the early decades of the twenty-first century, the experiences of working-class and middle-class students and families are not defined by intergenerational social mobility, but by social congestion and an opportunity trap.

Published
2013
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39. Investigation of a Listeria monocytogenes Chromosomal Immigration Control Region Reveals Diverse Restriction Modification Systems with Complete Sequence Type Conservation.

Author

Brown, Phillip, Lee, Sangmi, Elhanafi, Driss, Tham, Wilhelm, Danielsson-Tham, Marie-Louise, Lopez-Valladares, Gloria, Chen, Yi, Ivanova, Mirena, Leekitcharoenphon, Pimlapas, and Kathariou, Sophia

Subjects
IMMIGRATION enforcement, LISTERIA monocytogenes, FOODBORNE diseases
Abstract

Listeria monocytogenes is a Gram-positive pathogen responsible for the severe foodborne disease listeriosis. A chromosomal hotspot between lmo0301 and lmo0305 has been noted to harbor diverse restriction modification (RM) systems. Here, we analyzed 872 L. monocytogenes genomes to better understand the prevalence and types of RM systems in this region, designated the immigration control region (ICR). Type I, II, III and IV RM systems were found in 86.1% of strains inside the ICR and in 22.5% of strains flanking the ICR. ICR content was completely conserved within the same multilocus sequence typing-based sequence type (ST), but the same RM system could be identified in diverse STs. The intra-ST conservation of ICR content suggests that this region may drive the emergence of new STs and promote clone stability. Sau3AI-like, LmoJ2 and LmoJ3 type II RM systems as well as type I EcoKI-like, and type IV AspBHI-like and mcrB-like systems accounted for all RM systems in the ICR. A Sau3AI-like type II RM system with specificity for GATC was harbored in the ICR of many STs, including all strains of the ancient, ubiquitous ST1. The extreme paucity of GATC recognition sites in lytic phages may reflect ancient adaptation of these phages to preempt resistance associated with the widely distributed Sau3AI-like systems. These findings indicate that the ICR has a high propensity for RM systems which are intraclonaly conserved and may impact bacteriophage susceptibility as well as ST emergence and stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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43. Sociology of Education: A Critical History and Prospects for the Future

Author

Lauder, Hugh, Brown, Phillip, and Halsey, A. H.

Abstract

This paper examines the sociology of education from the perspective of its recent history and attempts to assess the current state of the field. The authors argue that cognate disciplines such as economics and social policy have taken over some of the key questions that were once the preserve of sociology of education. This raises the question of what is lost if the sociology of education is no longer making a significant contribution, in key areas, to the major educational, social and economic issues of the day. (Contains 3 notes.)

Published
2009
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44. Globalization, International Education, and the Formation of a Transnational Class?

Author

Brown, Phillip and Lauder, Hugh

Abstract

International education can be seen as a kind of litmus test in interrogating the place of education, power, and ideology in a globalized economy. In this paper, the authors detail the development of international education both with respect to character and credentials, and identify its putative links with elite higher education. How then might this educational path feed into global class recruitment? If one accepts that significant aspects of class structuration develop out of economic relations, then clearly the plausibility of concepts like that of a transnational ruling class will depend upon global economic developments. Here there are two theoretically competing accounts of economic globalization which have a bearing on the issue of social class; the first relates to the ideology and practice of neoliberalism, which gives some plausibility to the emergence of a transnational ruling class, while the second sees economic globalization as fundamentally about imperialism--that is, a competition between nations for fundamental economic advantage across the globe. In this case the focus remains, as it has traditionally, on the construction of national class systems. (Contains 7 notes.)

Published
2009
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45. Education, Meritocracy and the Global War for Talent

Author

Brown, Phillip and Tannock, Stuart

Abstract

Talk of the rise of a global war for talent and emergence of a new global meritocracy has spread from the literature on human resource management to shape nation-state discourse on managed migration and immigration reform. This article examines the implications that the global war for talent have for education policy. Given that this talent war is a product of neoliberalism, it raises many of the same concerns for educators as neoliberalism in general: the embrace and promotion of social, economic and educational inequality; and a narrow, market-based conception of education, skill and talent. This article argues, however, that the global war for talent represents a new phase in neoliberalism, as it seeks to liberalise the global movement not just of capital and commodities, but of high skill labour as well. In this, it threatens to undercut some of the founding assumptions and goals that have shaped national education policy in OECD countries throughout the post-World War II period, and raises serious concerns for how we are to think about and pursue equality, inclusion and fairness in and through education in the future.

Published
2009
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46. Education, Globalisation and the Future of the Knowledge Economy

Author

Brown, Phillip, Lauder, Hugh, and Ashton, David

Abstract

The dominant view today is of a global knowledge-based economy, driven by the application of new technologies, accelerating the shift to high-skilled, high-waged European economies. This view is reflected in the expansion of higher education and the key role of higher education in national and European economic policy. The Lisbon agenda seeks to make the European Union "the most competitive and dynamic knowledge-based economy in the world, capable of sustainable economic growth with more and better jobs and greater social cohesion". Not only is education believed to hold the key to international competitiveness but to the foundations of social justice and social cohesion. This article outlines the underlying assumptions of this mantra, which in many respects has changed little since the 1960s when human capital theory gained increasing prominence in education and economic policy (Halsey, 1961). It examines the prospects for the creation of high-skills economies throughout Europe in light of new realities of the global economy. This analysis is based on interviews with senior managers and executives in leading transnational companies and government policy makers in seven countries including China and India. In conclusion, the authors outline a series of issues as a contribution toward a new agenda for education and the knowledge economy within the European Research Area. Following this essay are two responses: (1) "Expanding the Higher Education System and Building World-Class Universities: China's Response to Globalization and the Knowledge Economy." (Wang Yingje); and (2) "Education, Globalisation and the Future of the Knowledge Economy: Three Comments" (Stephan Vincent-Lancrin). (Contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 25 notes.)

Published
2008
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