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This article discusses the use of 3D biomodelling and surgical guides for the treatment of small subungual glomus tumors. A custom-made surgical guide was created using 3D technologies and MRI imaging to enhance preoperative planning and surgical precision. The use of 3D technologies, such as biomodelling and 3D printing, allowed for the accurate excision of the tumor with minimal disruption to the nail apparatus, reducing the risk of recurrence and post-surgical complications. The article also highlights the potential of 3D technologies in improving early detection, surgical management, and preoperative diagnosis of subungual glomus tumors. [Extracted from the article]

Subungual keratoacanthoma is a rare, rapidly growing, benign tumor that can cause nail plate dystrophy and destruction of the underlying bone. Accurate preoperative identification is crucial for complete excision and prevention of recurrence. Diagnostic imaging, such as x-ray, ultrasound, and MRI, plays a crucial role in evaluating the tumor's characteristics. In this case study, a 3D biomodel was created using MRI and 3D printing technology to aid in surgical planning and achieve successful removal of the tumor. The biomodeling technique allowed for a fast and correct diagnosis, reducing the risk of complications and preserving finger functionality. [Extracted from the article]

Background: Localized fat is a matter of great concern among individuals from today's society. Cryolipolysis is a noninvasive technique that have shown great results in reducing localized fat. Aims: To analyze the efficacy of cryoplipolysis on visible local fat reduction in submental region, arms, or male breast (pseudogynecomastia) in Brazilian subjects, and to assess possible factors associated with treatment success. Methods: Single‐arm, nonrandomized trial, with volunteers from both genders with visible excess fat in the arms or submental region or men presenting pseudogynecomastia. Eligible subjects were submitted to physical, photographic, and ultrasound analysis before and three months after intervention. A single cryolipolysis session was performed using specific methods for each region, followed by a local massage for two minutes. Data were described as measures of central tendency and dispersion and measures of frequency. Reduction in measurements and factors associated with treatment success was analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Thirty‐six subjects underwent one session of cryolipolysis in each area (22 subjects treated the arms, 20 the submental region and 9 the breast). In general, a mean reduction of 19.1% was observed. Significant differences were observed for almost all body parts analyzed. Body mass index was the only variable showing a significant relationship with intervention results. Conclusions: Cryolipolysis is a useful noninvasive tool in reduction of visible localized fat in arms and submental region and of pseudogynecomastia. Obese subjects are not benefited by the treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Onychopapillomas are benign nail tumours. • The clinical presentation of onychopapillomas exhibits variability. • High-frequency ultrasonography demonstrates efficacy in onychopapilloma detection. • Ultrasonography contributes significantly to surgical planning. • Ultrasonography distinguishes onychopapilloma from malignant nail tumours. Onychopapilloma is a benign tumor presenting as an isolated benign warty distal matrix and bed lesion in association with longitudinal erythronychia for which no underlying cause can be identified. Diagnosis might be challenging due to other, more severe, causes of erythronychia. This study aimed to investigate the clinical and sonographic features of onychopapilloma using high-frequency ultrasound. Between February 2022 and May 2023, a cross-sectional study was conducted, involving 39 patients displaying clinical features suggestive of onychopapilloma. These patients were selected at random and underwent examination using high-frequency ultrasound. High-frequency ultrasound assessments of the nail unit were carried out using 33 MHz and 24 MHz high-frequency linear transducers. An experienced radiologist performed the ultrasound scans while participants assumed an orthostatic seated position. Subsequently, the collected ultrasound images were independently evaluated by two radiologists specializing in nail injuries, ensuring a blinded assessment. This evaluation aimed to provide comprehensive insights into the imaging characteristics of onychopapilloma. High-frequency ultrasound revealed oval or linear hyperechoic masses located in the middle of the nail plate, without vascularity or posterior acoustic shadowing. Nail plate irregularity, thickening, and nail bed indentation were observed in some cases. These findings demonstrate that high-frequency ultrasound can aid in the diagnosis and surgical planning of onychopapilloma, providing detailed visualization of the lesion and surrounding structures. This imaging method could represent a potential tool to differentiate onychopapilloma from other nail conditions, especially malignant neoplasms. However, further research is needed to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterization of a glomus tumor using 33-MHz ultrasound and superb microvascular imaging We read with great interest the recently published article by Sechi et al,1 which describes the ultrasound features of subungual glomus tumors and squamous cell carcinomas. We would like to share our experience with the characterization of a glomus tumor using a 33-MHz probe and superb microvascular imaging (SMI). [Extracted from the article]

Subungual glomus tumors often remain undiagnosed for several years with patients seeing an average of 2.5 dermatologists before the diagnosis is confirmed. We describe the use of biomodelling and 3D technologies that allows the detection of tumoral recurrences more easily, as well as providing supplementary information for the radiologist report, such as select anatomical structure analysis, images with 360° rotation and visualization in transparency mode for detailed anatomic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine whether chemical-shift magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) could be useful in the diagnosis of osteoid osteoma when clinical and radiological tumor features are inconclusive. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 17 patients who underwent chemical-shift MRI for the evaluation of osteoid osteoma. For all patients, two musculoskeletal radiologists independently recorded signal intensities on in-phase and out-of-phase images in the nidus of the tumor, in abnormal-intensity bone marrow surrounding the lesion, and in normal-appearing bone marrow. For each region, relative signal intensity ratios were calculated by dividing out-of-phase by in-phase values. Relative ratios > 1 were considered indicative of neoplastic lesions. Statistical analysis was carried out to analyze the sample. Inter-observer and intra-observer agreement for each imaging method were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients according to the Fleiss method and a value > 0.65 was considered to indicate substantial agreement. Results: The mean relative signal intensity ratios were 1.2 (range, 0.9-1.4) for the nidus and 0.35 (range, 0.11-0.66) for the surrounding tissue; these values differed significantly from the relative signal-intensity ratios for normal-appearing bone marrow (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Chemical-shift MRI is useful for the diagnosis and evaluation of osteoid osteoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Besides, an increase in the distance of hair follicle insertion, seen as hypoechoic and tortuous areas around the hair follicles (Figure 2A), with more echogenic lines, was observed. We read with great interest the recently published article by Porriño-Bustamante et al1 about the use of color Doppler in the evaluation of frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA). A scalp biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of FFA. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: Objective: The purpose of our study was to demonstrate that ultrasonography may allow a precise assessment of the course and relationships of the spinal accessory nerve (SAN). Material and methods: This study, initially undertaken in 7 cadavers, was followed by high-resolution ultrasonographic study in 15 volunteers (30 nerves) by two radiologists in consensus. The location, course and relations to the adjacent anatomic structures of the SAN were analyzed. Results: The precise course of the SAN between the lateroposterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the anterior border of the trapezius muscle could be identified by high-resolution ultrasonography. In contrast, clinical bone landmarks were not found helpful for the identification of the nerve. Conclusion: The SAN can be clearly depicted by means of ultrasonography. Knowledge of the nerve''s precise location, which may evidence individual variations, may have useful clinical applications. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The author reflects on osteoid osteoma which is a common benign bone neoplasm, with regard to its diagnosis using imaging systems, treatment options, and risk factors.