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Abstract Wetlands represent key ecosystems due to their remarkable biodiversity, ecological functions and multiple ecosystem services provided. In Colombia, there are 31,702 wetlands, 13 of which are in Bogotá, capital of the country. Despite the fundamental socioecological support of these aquatic ecosystems, a tremendous loss and degradation of these ecosystems has been observed due to anthropogenic perturbations. Therefore, the aim of this study was to describe the status of seven Bogotá wetlands with variable anthropogenic interventions by measuring organoleptic, physicochemical, and microbiological parameters, using commercial kits, highly sensitive equipment, and next-generation sequencing of the 16S- and 18S-rRNA genes. Our findings describe the status of seven wetlands with different anthropogenic burden in Bogotá-Colombia where physicochemical and microbiology signals of contamination were observed. Additionally, some profiles in the composition of the microbial communities, together with certain physicochemical characteristics, may represent an insight into the environmental dynamics, where Beta Proteobacteria such as Malikia represent a potential keystone in aquatic ecosystems impacted by wastewater effluent discharges; the presence of nitrates and phosphates explain the abundance of bacteria capable of oxidizing these compounds, such as Polynucleobacter. Moreover, the presence of specific prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, such as Clostridium, Cryptococcus, Candida, and Naegleria, reported in one or more of the wetlands assessed here, could represent a possible pathogenic risk for human and animal health. This study performed a complete evaluation of seven Bogotá wetlands with different anthropogenic impacts for the first time, and our findings emphasize the importance of maintaining continuous monitoring of these water bodies given their remarkable ecological importance and potential spill-over of several pathogens to humans and animals.

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a worldwide concern. This study retrospectively analyzed patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital over a period of 7 months who were rectally colonized by multidrug-resistant microorganisms. The incidence of concomitant nosocomial infections was estimated, thus providing the risk of a colonizing microorganism producing a nosocomial infection. Methods: Infections with the same microorganism (concomitant) or different microorganisms (non-concomitant) were analyzed in order to adjust the empirical antibiotic treatment. Patients with rectal colonization by at least one multidrug-resistant bacterium (MDRB) on admission or after ICU admission were included. All patients had complete selective digestive decontamination (SDD) prophylaxis. For univariate analysis, categorical variables are expressed as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables as means and standard deviations, or as medians and interquartile ranges. For multivariate analysis, the model is summarized with p-values and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Survival analysis was conducted using the Kaplan–Meier method, which was performed to evaluate the time elapsed from colonization to infection by the same bacteria. Statistical significance was considered at p < 0.05. Results: Of the 130 patients with MDRB bacterial colonization analyzed, 98 remained free of infection, while 22 developed non-concomitant infections and 10 had infections concomitant to rectal colonizing bacteria. OXA-48-producing bacteria and MDR-Pseudomonas spp. incidences were 18.9% (95% CI: 7.96–35.2) and 44.4% (CI: 13.7–78.8), respectively. Conclusions: OXA-48-producing bacteria and MDR-Pseudomonas spp. were the only bacteria associated with the development of infections concomitant to rectal colonization in an SDD setting. The incidence of MDRB infections was low.

SARS-CoV-2 infection is the cause of the disease named COVID-19, a major public health challenge worldwide. Differences in the severity, complications and outcomes of the COVID-19 are intriguing and, patients with similar baseline clinical conditions may have very different evolution. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) have been previously found to be recruited by the SARS-CoV-2 infection and may be a marker of clinical evolution in these patients. We have studied 90 consecutive patients admitted in the hospital before the vaccination program started in the general population, to measure MDSCs and lymphocyte subpopulations at admission and one week after to assess the possible association with unfavorable outcomes (dead or Intensive Care Unit admission). We analyzed MDSCs and lymphocyte subpopulations by flow cytometry. In the 72 patients discharged from the hospital, there were significant decreases in the monocytic and total MDSC populations measured in peripheral blood after one week but, most importantly, the number of MDSCs (total and both monocytic and granulocytic subsets) were much higher in the 18 patients with unfavorable outcome. In conclusion, the number of circulating MDSCs may be a good marker of evolution in the follow-up of unvaccinated patients admitted in the hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19.

The definition of Insulin autoimmune syndrome includes the presence of high levels of blood insulin and insulin autoantibodies. We encountered a 45-years-old white man with a high insulin serum value that do not fit with the C-peptide result. To discard or to confirm an analytical interference and diagnose a possible Insulin Autoimmune Syndrome we performed the following investigations: dilution linearity test, heterophilic antibody blocking, polyethylene glycol precipitation, measurements with alternative assays, and gel filtration chromatography by size exclusion. The latter technique confirmed that most of the insulin was complexed with a 150-kDa protein, corresponding to immunoglobulin G, identified as insulin autoantibodies. These antibodies were responsible for hypoglycemia attacks in the patient, who had a previous autoimmune disease. This case highlights the importance of carefully analyzing the results and ruling out possible interferences, as well as considering all kinds of pathologies, even if they are infrequent.

ABSTRACT The anti-Müllerian hormone triggers the regression of uterus and fallopian tubes in male embryos; if there are problems in the synthesis or action of this protein, Müllerian structures persist in an otherwise phenotypic male. The most frequent clinical presentation of Persistent Mullerian Duct syndrome is cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia. The few cases reported in adults are incidental findings or inguinal hernias. However, we present an adult male with history of bilateral cryptorchidism with unsuccessful orchidopexy, who presents with a large abdominal mass with the finding of a seminomatous tumor and persistence of Müllerian structures, in whom the variant c.916delC (p.Leu306Cysfs*29) in the AMHR2 gene not previously reported was documented.

The incidence of secondary infections in critically ill coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients is worrisome. We investigated whether selective digestive decontamination (SDD) added to infection control measures during an intensive care unit (ICU) stay modified these infection rates. Methods: A retrospective observational cohort study was carried out in four ICUs in Spain. All consecutive ventilated patients with a SARS-CoV-2 infection engaged in national infection control programs between 1 March and 10 December 2020 were investigated. Patients were grouped into two cohorts according to the site of ICU admission. Secondary relevant infections were included. Infection densities corresponding to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), catheter bacteremia, secondary bacteremia, and multi-resistant germs were obtained as the number of events per 1000 days of exposure and were compared between SDD and non-SDD groups using Poisson regression. Factors that had an independent association with mortality were identified using multidimensional logistic analysis. Results: There were 108 patients in the SDD cohort and 157 in the non-SDD cohort. Patients in the SDD cohort showed significantly lower rates (p < 0.001) of VAP (1.9 vs. 9.3 events per 1000 ventilation days) and MDR infections (0.57 vs. 2.28 events per 1000 ICU days) and a non-significant reduction in secondary bacteremia (0.6 vs. 1.41 events per 1000 ICU days) compared with those in the non-SDD cohort. Infections caused by MDR pathogens occurred in 5 patients in the SDD cohort and 21 patients in the non-SDD cohort (p = 0.006). Differences in mortality according to SDD were not found. Conclusion: The implementation of SDD in infection control programs significantly reduced the incidence of VAP and MDR infections in critically ill SARS-CoV-2 infected patients.

Considerando que la terapia antirretroviral no logra controlar la activación inmune que ocurre durante la infección por VIH-1, el estudio de moléculas inmunomoduladoras puede proporcionar estrategias alternativas para su control. En este sentido, este estudio busca evaluar la expresión transcripcional de moléculas asociadas con el metabolismo de las lipoproteínas de alta densidad y con la respuesta inflamatoria mediada por el inflamasoma NLRP3 en pacientes VIH-1. Este es un estudio transversal, donde se incluyeron 23 pacientes VIH-1 sin tratamiento antirretroviral, con diferentes estadios de progresión, 7 de los cuales son controladores (Carga viral 2000 copias/mL), además de 7 controles sanos. En células mononucleares de sangre periférica, se cuantificaron los niveles de la expresión transcripcional de ABCA-1, ABCA-3, Caspasa-5 y TXNIP mediante RT-PCR. Se evaluó la asociación de estos parámetros con variables clínicas y demográficas y se encontró que los individuos VIH-1 progresores mostraron niveles significativamente menores de TXNIP y ABCA-3, sugiriendo que durante la infección por VIH-1 se produce una alteración en la expresión de estas moléculas. Dada la complejidad de las interacciones inmuno-metabólicas durante la infección por VIH-1, se necesitan estudios adicionales para establecer los mecanismos precisos involucrados en estas alteraciones.

Abstract Background We examined whether long-term use of selective digestive tract decontamination (SDD) was effective in reducing intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection and antibiotic consumption while decreasing colistin-, tobramycin-, and most of the antibiotic-resistant colonization rates in a mixed ICU with a high endemic level of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB). Methods In this cohort study, which was conducted in a 30-bed medical-surgical ICU, clinical outcomes before (1 year, non-SDD group) and after (4 years) implementation of SDD were compared. ICU patients who were expected to require tracheal intubation for > 48 hours were given a standard prophylactic SDD regimen. Oropharyngeal and rectal swabs were obtained on admission and once weekly thereafter. Results ICU-acquired infections occurred in 110 patients in the non-SDD group and in 258 in the SDD group. A significant (P

This article presents the most relevant results found in the “Licenciatura” graduation research project for the BA in Teaching English offered by the University of Costa Rica, Campus Occidente. The work, entitled “Strengths and Weaknesses in Teaching English Literature in Experimental Bilingual High Schools of the Western Educational Region of Costa Rica: A Study from the Teachers’ Perspectives”, was conducted in 2012 and 2013. 36 EFL teachers participated. This paper presents results on the strengths and weaknesses of teachers’ academic and professional training in light of the implementation of the English literature syllabus of the Costa Rican Ministry of Public Education (known by the acronym MEP in Spanish). Qualitative and quantitative methodologies were used. Interviews were conducted with participants and English advisors and an online survey was also used. Results show that most EFL teachers do not feel trained to deal with the English literature syllabus because teaching literature is not their major, but the MEP has assumed that mastering the language is sufficient for an English teacher to teach literature. Most teachers reject this presupposition as they think that the MEP’S English literature syllabus focuses on literary content rather than using literature to teach and learn English. Teachers assert that there is a discrepancy between their academic training and what the MEP expects them to do.

Objectives: To evaluate the Bio-Rad D-100®, an HPLC analyzer for glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) determination, and to compare its performance with the Menarini HA-8180V® and Sysmex G8®. Methods: Method comparison was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) EP9-A2 guidelines. We selected 100 samples from the routine laboratory workload and analyzed them in duplicate with the three analyzers. The imprecision study was performed according to CLSI EP5-A2 guidelines for both inter-assay and intra-assay variability. Bias was assessed with external quality control material. To establish linearity, CLSI EP6-A protocol was followed. Results: Method comparison (95% confidence intervals in parentheses): D-100 vs G8: Passing-Bablok regression; y=0.973(0.963–0.983)×−0.07(−0.07−0.069); r=0.9989. Bland-Altman mean difference: −0.229%HbA1c (−0.256: −0.202); Relative bias plot: D-100/G8 vs D100-G8 mean ratio=0.971(0.967−0.975). D-100 vs HA-8180V: Passing-Bablok regression; y=0.944(0.932–0.958)×−0.078(0.024−0.173); r=0.9989. Bland-Altman mean difference: −0.363%HbA1c (−0.401: −0.325); Relative bias plot D-100/HA-8180V vs D100-HA-8180V mean ratio=0.955(0.952−0.958). Inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV): 0.81%. Intra-assay CV: 1.04% (low level), and 0.78% (high level). Bias against target value=2.332%. Linearity: r2=0.998 in the concentration range 4.4−13.9%HbA1c. Carry-over: 0.0024%. Conclusions: The Bio-Rad D-100 shows good correlation with G8 and HA-8180V. There is a small proportional systematic difference (2.7% and 5.6%, respectively) in both comparisons. Inter and intra-assay CVs are both lower than the lowest CV obtained in studies performed with D-100 and other instruments. Keywords: Glycated hemoglobin, High performance liquid chromatography, Analyzer, Intra-assay variability, Inter-assay variability

La muestra de arte Principio Potosí. ¿Cómo podemos cantar el canto del Señor en tierra ajena? (Creischer, Hinderer, Siekmann, 2010) vuelve a la explotación colonial de las minas de Potosí como proceso de acumulación originaria desde donde pensar el comienzo del capitalismo y las relaciones centro–periferia. A partir de esta idea, se proponen analogías entre la explotación colonial y la capitalista, entre la pintura colonial y el arte actual Desde Bolivia se plantea un contra–proyecto a la muestra, Principio Potosí Reverso (Rivera Cusicanqui y El Colectivo, 2010) bajo el precepto de que si hay algo así como un “Principio Potosí” este debe ser pensado desde la resignificación andina de los procesos coloniales. El foco está puesto menos en la circulación global de la plata que en el mercado interno y en la franja intermedia de negociaciones que este generó. Si en Principio Potosí “mercado”, “imagen” y “ritual” son pensados desde la lógica equivalencial de la acumulación capitalista, en Principio Potosí Reverso son tensionados desde la lógica inequivalente del ethos andino.

En el siguiente artículo propongo un análisis de el catálogo de la muestra de arte “Principio Potosí. ¿Cómo podemos cantar el canto del Señor en tierra ajena?”(Creischer, Siekmann y Hinderer, 2010) y un “ensayo visual” elaborado en disidencia a dicha muestra, Principio Potosí Reverso (Rivera Cusicanqui y El Colectivo). Tanto el catálogo cuanto el “ensayo visual” exponen la importancia de volver sobre Potosí como espacio clave en el que se reúnen las tensiones vinculadas a la colonialidad desde el siglo XVI y sus continuidades en el siglo XXI. Se retorna a Potosí como al lugar en donde se forja la modernidad y las relaciones centro–periferia que marcarán la historia de América Latina. Sin embargo, allí donde Principio Potosí ve el inicio de la modernidad, Principio Potosí Reverso ve la gestación de una modernidad alternativa. El campo de la disputa que se abre entre Principio Potosí y Principio Potosí Reverso tensa el arco que se abre entre lo textual y lo visual, pero a la vez entre arte y colonialidad, ofreciéndose así como espacio modélico para interrogar las alternativas actuales de un arte político poscolonial a la altura de los desafíos de nuestra cultura visual contemporánea. catálogo, ensayo visual, colonialidad, cultura visual.

Introducción. La diálisis peritoneal continua ambulatoria es una opción para pacientes que requieren diálisis y a quienes, por razones individuales o sociales, no se les puede realizar hemodiálisis. Su éxito depende del adecuado funcionamiento del catéter implantado. Las complicaciones de los catéteres son la infección y el mal funcionamiento por obstrucción. La colocación por vía laparoscópica permite la ubicación del catéter en la pelvis en forma segura y controlada, y la fijación del epiplón mayor al ligamento redondo evita la compresión del catéter por el epiplón con la consiguiente obstrucción. Objetivo. Evaluar el funcionamiento y las complicaciones de los catéteres de diálisis peritoneal colocados por laparoscopia con fijación del catéter en la pelvis y omentopexia. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo, de 109 pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica terminal a quienes se les colocó un catéter para diálisis peritoneal por laparoscopia, entre enero de 2002 y junio de 2005, en la Clínica las Américas, Medellín (Colombia). Resultados. Se presentaron complicaciones en 60 pacientes con el catéter de diálisis peritoneal (55%) colocados por vía laparoscópica. La complicación más frecuente fue la infección en 58 pacientes (53,2%); dos presentaron obstrucción (1,8%), 1 presentó fuga de líquido (0,9%) y hubo un caso de ruptura del catéter (0,9%). Ningún paciente presentó hemorragia, perforación de órgano abdominal o hernia en el tiempo de seguimiento. El tiempo promedio de uso del catéter de diálisis peritoneal fue de 13 meses (DE=11,7). El tiempo promedio de supervivencia fue de 34,4 meses (IC 95%: 31,1 - 37,6). Conclusiones. La técnica laparoscópica para la inserción de catéteres de diálisis peritoneal disminuye el riesgo de obstrucción del catéter por desplazamiento o por compresión del epiplón y presenta un menor número de complicaciones como hernia y sangrado. La frecuencia de complicaciones infecciosas es similar a la de la técnica quirúrgica abierta.Introduction: Continuous or automated ambulatory peritoneal dialysis is an option for patients that for one or other individual or social reason can not undergo hemodialysis. Success of the modality depends on the good function of the implanted catheter. Infection and malfunction due to mechanical obstruction are the main complications. Laparoscopy permits the secure and controlled implantation of the catheter in the pelvic cavity, as well as fixation of the greater omentum to the round ligament, thus preventing entrapment of the catheter by the omentum with subsequent mechanical outflow obstruction. Objective: To evaluate the functioning and complications of the peritoneal dialysis catheter placed by the laparoscopic method with fixation in the pelvis and omentopexy. Materials and methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study on 109 patients older than 18 years, with terminal chronic renal insufficiency that underwent laparoscopic placement of the peritoneal catheter, covering the period January 2002 to June 2005 at Clínica Las Américas, Medellín, Colombia. Results: Sixty patients (55%) presented complications in this series of peritoneal catheter placement by the laparoscopic technique. The most common complication was infection, in 58 patients (53.2%); two patients (1.8%) developed outflow obstruction; one (0.9%) had persistent leakage of the dialysate, and in one the catheter broke (0.9%). There were no cases of hemorrhage, visceral perforation, or hernia. The average period of use of the peritoneal dialysis catheter was 13 months (DS 11.7), and the average survival time of the catheter was 34.4 months (CI 95% 31-1-37.6). Conclusions: Laparoscopic placement of peritoneal dialysis catheters reduces the risk of catheter obstruction by displacement or by omental entrapment, and a reduced rate of complications such as hernias and bleeding. The rate of infectious complications is similar to those observed when the catheter is placed by the open technique.

Esta ponencia-taller tiene por objetivo insertar a los participantes en una experiencia grupal de trab ajo psicoterapéutico de manera práctica. El marco teóri co del taller toma como base epistemológica el Esquizoanálisis en tanto “meta-modelo” como dirá Gu attari (1989); el psicoanálisis grupal de Anzieu y Kaës y las herramientas de trabajo corporal desarro llados tanto en la vegetoterapia carácteroanalítica de W. Reich, como en el análisis bioenergético desarro llado por A. Lowen. Luego, se explicará de manera técnica y metódica, lo vivido por los participantes en relación con las herramientas teóricas y metodológicas de trabajo grupal.

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Abstract Recently, the tiger-cat species complex was split into Leopardus tigrinus and Leopardus guttulus, along with other proposed schemes. We performed a detailed analysis integrating ecological modeling, biogeography, and phenotype of the four originally recognized subspecies—tigrinus, oncilla, pardinoides, guttulus—and presented a new multidimensional niche depiction of the species. Species distribution models used > 1400 records from museums and photographs, all checked for species accuracy. Morphological data were obtained from institutional/personal archives. Spotting patterns were established by integrating museum and photographic/camera-trap records. Principal component analysis showed three clearly distinct groups, with the Central American specimens (oncilla) clustering entirely within those of the Andes, namely the pardinoides group of the cloud forests of the southern Central-American and Andean mountain chains (clouded tiger-cat); the tigrinus group of the savannas of the Guiana Shield and central/northeastern Brazil (savanna tiger-cat); and the guttulus group in the lowland forests of the Atlantic Forest domain (Atlantic Forest tiger-cat). This scheme is supported by recent genetic analyses. All species displayed different spotting patterns, with some significant differences in body measurements/proportions. The new distribution presented alarming reductions from the historic range of − 50.4% to − 68.2%. This multidimensional approach revealed a new species of the elusive and threatened tiger-cat complex.

Copyright of Journal of Research of the University of Quindio / Revista de Investigaciones Universidad del Quindio is the property of Journal of Research of the University of Quindio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Schnitzler’s Syndrome (SS) is a rare late-onset acquired autoinflammatory disorder which consists of chronic urticaria associated with a monoclonal IgM-kappa gammopathy, arthralgias, skeletal hyperostosis, lymphadenopathy, and recurrent constitutional symptoms. The average age of diagnosis is 51 years with a slight male predominance with a male to female ratio of 1.6. Diagnosis of SS requires the presence of 2 major criteria including chronic urticaria and monoclonal IgM along with at least two of the following minor criteria: recurrent intermittent fevers, bone pain, arthralgias, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), neutrophilic dermal infiltrate on skin biopsy, and leukocytosis or elevated C-reactive protein (CRP). Early diagnosis and clinical awareness are paramount in SS as it is associated with a 15-20% risk of lymphoproliferative malignancy. The median overall survival is 12.8 years. We present a case of a 39-year-old female with new onset urticaria associated with recurrent fevers and joint pain. Symptoms were refractory to steroids, and high dose antihistamines. Multi-disciplinary evaluation resulted in the ultimate diagnosis of Schnitzler’s Syndrome. The patient was ultimately treated with canakinumab (Il-1 inhibitor), with near resolution of symptoms. This case demonstrates the importance of a broad differential diagnosis and maintaining a high clinical suspicion for rare diseases when presented with a complex form of an otherwise common condition.

Objectives To identify criteria and descriptors used to measure response to treatment and change in disease activity in giant cell arteritis (GCA).Methods A systematic literature review (SLR) to retrieve randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies (LOS). Criteria and descriptors of active disease, remission, response, improvement, worsening and relapse were extracted. RCTs, LOS with >20 subjects, and qualitative research studies were included.Results 10 593 studies were retrieved, of which 116 were included (11 RCTs, 104 LOS, 1 qualitative study). No unified definition of response to therapy was found. Most RCTs used composite endpoints to assess treatment outcomes. Active disease was described in all RCTs and 19% of LOS; and was largely defined by a combination of clinical and laboratory components. Remission was reported in 73% of RCTs and 42% of LOS; It was predominantly defined as the combination of clinical and laboratory components. One LOS reported response with a definition resembling the definition of remission from other studies. Improvement was rarely used as an endpoint and it was mostly a surrogate of remission. No study specifically defined worsening. Relapse was reported in all RCTs and 86% of LOS. It was predominantly defined as the combination of clinical, laboratory and treatment components.Conclusions The results of this SLR demonstrate that definitions of response used in clinical studies of GCA are scant and heterogeneous. RCTs and LOS mainly used remission and relapse as treatment outcomes. The descriptors identified will inform the development of the future European Alliance of Associations for Rheumatology-American College of Rheumatology response criteria for GCA.

Copyright of Archivos de Medicina (1657-320X) is the property of Revista Archivos de Medicina (Manizales) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a large‐vessel vasculitis that primarily affects the aorta and its branches. Extracranial branches of the carotid artery are frequently affected; however, intracranial involvement in GCA is rare. Methods A retrospective medical record review was performed to identify all patients with intracranial GCA (IC‐GCA) from January 1996 through May 2018. Results Nine patients with IC‐GCA were included (78% male; mean age, 72.1 years [SD: 7.9]). All patients met ACR criteria for GCA. The median time from onset of GCA to intracranial involvement was 0.6 months (interquartile range: 0.1‐5.1). All patients had neurologic symptoms, 89% had an ischemic cerebrovascular event. Transient or permanent vision loss was frequent (56% of patients). IC‐GCA was diagnosed by cranial imaging in all nine patients. Intracranial vasculitis most commonly affected the internal carotid artery (100%), followed by the vertebral artery (67%), posterior cerebral artery (67%), middle cerebral artery (44%), anterior cerebral artery (33%), and posterior inferior cerebral artery (11%). Intracranial vessel stenosis was present in 89%, occlusion in 33%, wall thickening in 33%, and dilation in 11%. All patients received glucocorticoids. Additional therapeutic agents included cyclophosphamide (67%) and tocilizumab (22%). Despite treatment, five patients had rapid deterioration and mortality. Comparing IC‐GCA patient survival to the expected rates from the US population, the standardized mortality ratio (95% CI) for IC‐GCA was 58.1 (18.9‐135.6). Conclusion Although rare, IC‐GCA is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It occurs predominantly in men and presents with ischemic cerebrovascular events. Current treatment strategies appear to be of limited efficacy for IC‐GCA.

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Infiltrative cardiomyopathies include a variety of disorders that lead to myocardial thickening resulting in a constellation of clinical manifestations and eventually heart failure that could be the first clue to reach the diagnosis. Among the more described infiltrative diseases of the heart is amyloid cardiomyopathy. The disease usually presents with subtle, nonspecific symptoms. Herein, we illustrate a case of recurrent syncope as the initial presenting symptom for systemic amyloid with polyneuropathy and cardiomyopathy as a cause of syncope. The article illustrates the role of advanced cardiac imaging in the diagnosis of the disease with a focused literature review. We also highlight the role of early, shared decision-making between patient, family, and medical team in the management of cardiac amyloidosis.

Resumen: El pueblo Kankuamo es uno de los 102 pueblos originarios de Colombia, que se encuentran en el proceso de desarrollo de estrategias para la autogestión de salud individual y colectiva. Este artículo tiene como objetivo investigar, identificar y analizar, de forma colaborativa e intercultural, los factores que influyen en el bienestar del pueblo Kankuamo, utilizando el Enfoque de Capacidades propuesto por Amartya Sen. Con este fin, se llevaron a cabo tres grupos focales con la participación de 37 personas de las 15 comunidades del resguardo Kankuamo. Las transcripciones fueron analizadas mediante un análisis temático. De los grupos focales surgieron tres temas centrales para el bienestar de los Kankuamo: (i) armonía entre la naturaleza y los seres humanos, (ii) convivencia social y (iii) autodeterminación. Estos temas reflejan los principios y valores fundamentales que guían a la comunidad hacia el bienestar, la expansión de sus capacidades, la armonía y el desarrollo integral. Los resultados sugieren que los aspectos materiales desempeñan un papel secundario en el concepto de bienestar de la comunidad Kankuamo, y además confirman que es fundamental considerar una visión colectiva de capacidades, no solo individuales, en contextos indígenas. Estudios como este pueden contribuir al desarrollo de enfoques más contextualmente apropiados para evaluar y medir la calidad de vida y el bienestar de las comunidades indígenas, incluyendo el pueblo Kankuamo.

This article is the second part of a series that explores the historical process of the configuration of the internship in medical education and practice. In a previous article, we studied the emergence of the internship in Napoleonic France and its latter configuration trough the North American Flexnerian reforms to medical education. This second part deals with the process by which the internship was constituted in Colombia through five sections. The first one analyses the French influence at the beginning of the 20th century; the second part, the change towards the North American flexnerian model, which was motivated by the arrival of multiple medical missions and their suggestions regarding medical education; the third part studies the process by which these models assembled in the country, their regulation and its crisis; the fourth discusses the actual proposals; and the epilogue talks about the future of the internship in the COVID-19 pandemics.

Information and education on sexual health have a relevant importance for development and well-being of young people and teenagers. During the last decades, a number of programs were developed in order to inform this population about sexuality. In spite of it, the rates of unwanted pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections in teenagers and young people have risen. The majority of the investigations indicate that sexual behaviors in adolescents tend to develop earlier in life and to be more frequent. On the other hand, a lot of these teenagers have unprotected sex. The present study is aimed at exploring some of these sexual behaviors, as well as at exploring the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs that adolescents have towards the use of contraceptive methods, in order to develop more effective programs of prevention and intervention. The sample was constituted by 795 young people of Huelva, Spain, who were between 14 and 23 years old, and to whom a scale of 93 items on knowledge, attitudes and sexual risk practices was applied. Results indicate unfavorable attitudes towards the use of contraceptive methods and a diminished assertiveness in girls, which results in an unwillingness to buy condoms or to convince their sex partner to use one. Likewise, these result show the existence of many myths about sexuality and contraceptive methods, and that young people still lack knowledge about essential aspects of conception and contraception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: este artículo pretende estudiar las medidas tomadas en las epidemias de viruela de Santiago (1787), Concepción (1789) y Santafé (1782/1802), para compararlas y entender cómo el estudio de estas epidemias nos puede dar luces para el abordaje del reto de salud pública actual: la pandemia de covid-19. Desarrollo: el artículo está dividido en tres partes: en la primera se exponen las medidas de higiene que se tomaron para subsanar y prevenir estas epidemias, previas a la llegada de la vacunación, comparando el rol desempeñado por los actores locales en cada región; en la segunda se relata y se compara el proceso de llegada y búsqueda de la vacuna contra la viruela en cada territorio, y en la tercera se reflexiona brevemente sobre la pandemia actual. Conclusiones: en el análisis comparativo, se destaca la manera en la que la agenda transcolonial incluye una serie de similitudes para su aplicación en cada territorio, pero también las diferencias que los procesos locales y transcoloniales plantean para su domesticación en cada uno de ellos. Además, se resaltan las particularidades que ha tenido la pandemia de covid-19 y las lecciones que este estudio de caso deja para pensar en la necesidad de enfrentarla desde una perspectiva global.

Resposta à Carta ao Editor: “Desvantagens atuais do internato médico na Colômbia. Sobre o assunto da história nacional "

The mining industry is questioned because it is considered an extractive activity that has negative impact on the environment and because its contribution to the country’s economic development is minimal, since it belongs to the primary sector of the economy and because it is perceived that the social condition of populations around the mines is overall unfortunate. This research focuses on a proposal to promote contribution to sustainable development in the coal miningindustry in the department of Boyacá, identifying elements that allow a socially responsible management, according to guidelines of the ISO 26000 model. To delimit the population under study a convenience sampling was conducted, and in each one of the chosen organizations data was collected through survey and observation, to determine which aspects focused on social responsibility are established in coal mining companiesof the department. As a result of the research, it was found that the principles of social responsibility handled by companies of the coal mining industry in Boyacá are focused on seekingthe organization’s economic benefit, without considering a benefit for the community. Regarding the environmental surrounding, only minimal requirements to operate legally are met, although informal mines ignore many of the regulations required by the State. As a contribution for solving this problem, a documentary tool (booklet) was produced to circulate among the companies of the industry the principles of social responsibility outlined in the ISO 26000 Standard, in a simple and practical form, seeking to generate their commitmentwith sustainable development.

La investigación tuvo como propósito el diseño, la construcción y la validación de un Instrumento de Medición de Riesgo Psicosocial (IMP), conformado por 52 ítems que evalúan el riesgo psicosocial a través de siete dimensiones: carga de trabajo, definición del rol, identificación con la tarea, nivel de responsabilidad del cargo, características de la gestión, características del grupo social de trabajo y características de la organización propiamente dicha. Para tal fin, se establecieron como fases: a) el abordaje teórico y conceptual del riesgo psicosocial; b) diseño del instrumento; c) evaluación de jueces; d) aplicación del instrumento; y e) análisis y discusión de resultados. Este instrumento se aplicó a una población de 442 personas de siete empresas bogotanas de los sectores privado y público, con el cual se obtuvo un coeficiente de confiabilidad mediante Alpha de Cronbach de 0,843.