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Myogenic fibrin (MP) extracted from Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after heat treatment (HMP) was explored as a novel encapsulant for microencapsulation of corn oil together with sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan (CS), and its performance was characterized using ultrasonic coalescence. The results showed that at 2.5% sodium alginate, 3.0% HMP content and 30% corn oil, the emulsion had small and uniform particle size with high emulsification stability. The average particle size of microcapsules after ultrasonic recondensation was 88.74±2.60 μm while the encapsulation rate was 82.59%±1.44% under the following conditions: 1.2% CS, SA:CS mass ratio of 1:1, and 5.0% calcium chloride. The microcapsules had irregular shapes and undulating surfaces, and the results of infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction indicated that CS and SA formed the dense shell of microcapsules together with HMP due to electrostatic binding. Results from DSC showed that HMP microcapsules had a degree of thermal stability, and the microencapsulation significantly reduced the POV and TBA values of oil during storage, which effectively slowed down the oxidation process. The release of free fatty acids (FFA) from HMP microcapsules was 92.67% during the whole simulated digestion phase with a greater amount released during the intestinal digestion phase, indicating that microencapsulation had a retarding effect on the release of core material. This study shows that HMP compounded with sodium alginate and chitosan is feasible for microencapsulation and protection of bioactive substances, and hence expanding the applications of HMP microgel particles.

An emulsion gel was prepared with Trachinotus ovatus myofibrillar protein as emulsifier and corn oil as oil phase in this study. The structure of Trachinotus ovatus myofibrillar protein was characterized using SDS-PAGE，Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and electron microscope. Preparation of Trachinotus ovatus myofibrillar protein emulsion gel was done by screening for the optimal protein concentration (C) and oil ratio (φ). The structure of the emulsion gel was characterized by confocal laser, and the effects of pH and NaCl concentration on the stability of the emulsion gel were explored. The results showed that Trachinotus ovatus myofibrillar protein had typical protein structure with β-sheet as the dominant secondary structure, and the fibrillar structure was formed by the aggregation of elliptical particles. The emulsion gel had the best elastic modulus G' when the protein concentration was 2.5% with an oil ratio of 0.68，and had a small average particle size. Laser confocal examination showed that the emulsion gel had a W/O/W multiple emulsion structure. The emulsion gels were unstable under acidic pH but relatively stable under alkaline conditions. In conclusion, the optimized preparation and characterization golden pomfret myofibrillar protein emulsion gel in this study would provide invaluable technical reference for the commercial development of golden pomfret myofibrillar protein.

In this paper, we focus on the finite-time and fixed-time stabilization of inertial memristive Cohen-Grossberg neural networks. To cope with the effect caused by inertial (second-order) term, most of the previous literature use the variable translation to reduce the order. Different from that, by directly designing a Lyapunov functional and feedback controller, a novel non-reduced order method is proposed in this paper to solve the finite-time (fixed-time) stabilization problem of inertial memristive Cohen-Grossberg neural networks. Two kinds of time delays are considered in our network model, novel criteria are then derived for both cases. Lastly, numerical examples are given to verify the validity of the theoretical results.

In this study, the effects of pH and NaCl concentrations on the structure of golden pompano myosin and emulsion gel were analyzed using SEM in combination with molecular dynamics simulations (MDS). The microscopic morphology and spatial structure of myosin were investigated at different pH (3.0, 7.0, and 11.0) and NaCl concentrations (0.0, 0.2, 0.6, and 1.0 M), and their effects on the stability of emulsion gels were discussed. Our results show that pH had a greater effect on the microscopic morphology of myosin than NaCl. The MDS results show that under the condition of pH 7.0 and 0.6 M NaCl, the myosin expanded and experienced significant fluctuations in its amino acid residues. However, NaCl showed a greater effect on the number of hydrogen bonds than pH. Although changes in pH and NaCl concentrations only slightly altered the secondary structures in myosin, they, nevertheless, significantly influenced the protein spatial conformation. The stability of the emulsion gel was affected by pH changes but not NaCl concentrations, which only affect the rheology. The best elastic modulus G″ of the emulsion gel was obtained at pH 7.0 and 0.6 M NaCl. Based on the results, we conclude that pH changes have a greater influence than NaCl concentrations on the spatial structure and conformation of myosin, contributing to the instability of its emulsion gel state. The data from this study would serve as a valuable reference for emulsion gel rheology modification in future research.

In this study, the physicochemical properties, functional properties and N-glycoproteome of tilapia myofibrillar protein (TMP), golden pompano myofibrillar protein (GPMP) and skipjack tuna myofibrillar protein (STMP) were assessed. The microstructures and protein compositions of the three MPs were similar. TMP and GPMP had higher solubility, sulfhydryl content and endogenous fluorescence intensity, lower surface hydrophobicity and β-sheet contents than STMP. The results showed that the protein structures of TMP and GPMP were more folded and stable. Due to its low solubility and high surface hydrophobicity, STMP had low emulsifying activity and high foaming activity. By N-glycoproteomics analysis, 23, 85 and 22 glycoproteins that contained 28, 129 and 35 N-glycosylation sites, were identified in TMP, GPMP and STMP, respectively. GPMP had more N-glycoproteins and N-glycosylation sites than STMP, which was possibly the reason for GPMP’s higher solubility and EAI. These results provide useful information for the effective utilization of various fish products.

Interior and exterior Neumann functions for the Laplace operator are derived in terms of prolate spheroidal harmonics with the homogeneous, constant, and nonconstant inhomogeneous boundary conditions. For the interior Neumann functions, an image system is developed to consist of a point image, a line image extending from the point image to infinity along the radial coordinate curve, and a symmetric surface image on the confocal prolate spheroid that passes through the point image. On the other hand, for the exterior Neumann functions, an image system is developed to consist of a point image, a focal line image of uniform density, another line image extending from the point image to the focal line along the radial coordinate curve, and also a symmetric surface image on the confocal prolate spheroid that passes through the point image.

In the present paper, electrostatic image theory is studied for Green’s function for the Laplace operator in the case where the fundamental domain is either the exterior or the interior of a prolate spheroid. In either case, an image system is developed to consist of a point image inside the complement of the fundamental domain and an additional symmetric continuous surface image over a confocal prolate spheroid outside the fundamental domain, although the process of calculating such an image system is easier for the exterior than for the interior Green’s function. The total charge of the surface image is zero and its centroid is at the origin of the prolate spheroid. In addition, if the source is on the focal axis outside the prolate spheroid, then the image system of the exterior Green’s function consists of a point image on the focal axis and a line image on the line segment between the two focal points.

We investigate noise-induced transitions in a current-biased and weakly damped Josephson junction in the presence of multiplicative noise. By using the stochastic averaging procedure, the averaged amplitude equation describing dynamic evolution near a constant phase difference is derived. Numerical results show that a stochastic Hopf bifurcation between an absorbing and an oscillatory state occurs. This means the external controllable noise triggers a transition into the non-zero junction voltage state. With the increase of noise intensity, the stationary probability distribution peak shifts and is characterised by increased width and reduced height. And the different transition rates are shown for large and small bias currents.

We investigate the stochastic bifurcation of a damped sine-Gordon equation with Dirichlet boundary conditions under the influence of multiplicative Gaussian white noise. Introducing a slow time scale, we derive the amplitude equations near the trivial solution by multiscale analysis. And the stationary probability density functions are formulated analytically using the stochastic averaging of energy envelope. The numerical calculations show that the system undergoes a stochastic D-bifurcation of energy envelope from a delta measure to new stationary measures when the control parameter crosses a critical point.

The uneven distribution of educational resources in Eastern China will have an impact not only on the quality of higher education across regions but also on the development of the country. This paper analyzes the 14th five-year plan of higher education of eight provinces and two cities in Eastern China. Our findings show that GDP has a significant positive relationship with education funds (r = 0.92), population (r = 0.85), R&D projects (r = 0.91), R&D researchers (r = 0.89), undergraduate students (r = 0.84), and graduate students (r = 0.80), implying that the economic development of rich regions has a high impact on research development, education funds, and student enrollments. Our data are helpful in understanding the role of institutions and government in determining equitable educational distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the heat dissipation characteristics of lithium batteries, a staggered bi-directional flow cooling method is designed and numerical simulations are established using CFD in this paper with a circular battery as the research object. Since the optimal operating range of Li-ion battery is 293.15-313.15 K and the maximum temperature difference is not higher than 5 K, the maximum temperature and maximum temperature difference are selected as the optimized design objectives. Firstly, the temperature field of the round lithium battery with discharge multiplier 3C working at ambient temperature 308.15 K is studied, and an orthogonal test design is carried out for three factors: battery pack embedding distance, coolant flow rate and coolant temperature, and the best combination of orthogonal test is selected by extreme difference analysis and analysis of variance. Secondly, in order to further verify the heat dissipation efficiency of the battery pack, a back propagation neural network with multi-objective optimization algorithm is proposed, and the optimal heat dissipation method of the numerical simulation is obtained by parameter solution and simulation analysis using the parameter range of the orthogonal test as the constraints of the multi-objective optimization. The results show that this optimized way of battery pack heat dissipation has a significant improvement for the maximum temperature, and non-e of them will exceed its working range; compared with the 3.39 K obtained from the orthogonal test design, the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack calculated by the multi-objective optimization is 3.15 K, which is reduced by 7.08%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the existence of global entropy solutions for the Cauchy problem of an isentropic gas dynamics system with the special pressure P(r) = 1/1-ρ. After the gas density ρ is fixed in the region ρ ε (0,1), by the method of the artificial viscosity and the maximum principle, this system is nonstrictly hyperbolic and genuinely nonlinear, and its global entropy solutions are obtained by the famous compactness framework introduced by DiPerna in the paper "Convergence of approximate solutions to conservation laws" (Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal., (82) (1983), 27-70). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to reveal the hotspots, evolution and frontiers of health literacy research in mainland China, Using Citespace to conduct a bibliometric analysis of 648CNKI core journal articles in the field of health literacy. The research found that health literacy research can be divided into three stages: initial (2007-2010), slow development (2011-2014), and rapid development (2015-2020); the core academic community is less, and the period is limited. Regional characteristics are obvious; research hotspots include health literacy survey and its influencing factors, evaluation index system and its connotation, disease prevention and intervention, and health management; the frontier of research in this field is electronic health literacy and mental health literacy. The research results are consistent with the existing results, indicating that the bibliometric method are reliable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper concerns a basic electrostatic problem: how to calculate generalized Coulomb and self-polarization potentials in heterogeneous dielectric media. In particular. with simulations of ellipsoidal semiconductor quantum dots and elongated biomacromolecules being its target applications, this paper extends the so-called three-layer dielectric models for generalized Coulomb and self-polaritation potential calculation from the spherical and the spheroidal geometries to the triaxial ellipsoidal geometry. Compared to the simple steplike dielectric model, these three-layer dielectric models can overcome the mathematical divergence in the self-polarization energy by employing continuous radial dielectric functions. More specifically, in this paper, the quasiharinonic three-layer dielectric model for the ellipsoidal geometry is discussed, and the explicit analytical series solutions of the corresponding electrostatic problem are obtained in terms of the ellipsoidal harmonics. Then a robust numerical procedure working for general three-layer dielectric models is developed. The key component of the numerical method is to subdivide the transition layer of the underlying three-layer model into multiple sublayers and then in each one of them approximate the select dielectric function of the transition layer by one of the quasiharmonic functional form rather than simply by a constant value as one would normally do. As a result, the numerical method has no numerical divergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]