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Academic conferences regarding digital transformation and online learning will continue to offer academic papers and workshops designed to advance work in online learning for all students. We will not return to the pre-pandemic ways of engaging in teaching and learning in higher education. Ongoing digital transformation and online learning will need to be future-focused if it is going to meet the needs of higher education both now and in the further future. Learning experience designers have a unique skill set and insights to aid such transitions but they must be more strategic in their engagements within their institutions and engage more widely in the higher education sector as a whole to maximize their impact.

The pervasive nature of online learning worldwide necessitates the creation, administration, and improvement of quality assurance mechanisms for higher education institutions. This article delineates a number of principles regarding features of high quality online learning systems and principles related to assessment of student learning, teacher quality measurements, and course and program evaluations. An overview of select world-leading online learning universities, leading standards for online learning systems, some important players providing services regarding online learning and quality assurance, and an extensive further reading list are provided.

Simple Summary: The bodily response to cancer treatment is difficult to track in real time. This study aimed to demonstrate the possible application of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a non-invasive and non-radiative modality to evaluate cancer response to therapy. We injected a fluorinated contrast agent in mouse models of breast and colon cancer to tag and track macrophages in real time. Longitudinal tracking of macrophages in tumors following radiation therapy via MRI provided a means of analyzing the tumor microenvironment without the need for a biopsy. It was shown that tumor-associated macrophage recruitment can be quantified through magnetic resonance imaging. Moreover, the findings suggest that macrophage response to radiation therapy is dependent on several factors including tumor origin. Since tumor recurrence following therapy is a major barrier following treatment, this imaging technique will be extremely beneficial in the future analysis of inflammation's role in that process. Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a non-invasive imaging modality which, in conjunction with biopsies, provide a qualitative assessment of tumor response to treatment. Intravenous injection of contrast agents such as fluorine (19F) nanoemulsions labels systemic macrophages, which can, then, be tracked in real time with MRI. This method can provide quantifiable insights into the behavior of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) in the tumor microenvironment and macrophage recruitment during therapy. Methods: Female mice received mammary fat pad injections of murine breast or colon cancer cell lines. The mice then received an intravenous 19F nanoemulsion injection, followed by a baseline 19F MRI. For each cancer model, half of the mice then received 8 Gy of localized radiation therapy (RT), while others remained untreated. The mice were monitored for two weeks for tumor growth and 9F signal using MRI. Results: Across both cohorts, the RT-treated groups presented significant tumor growth reduction or arrest, contrary to the untreated groups. Similarly, the fluorine signal in treated groups increased significantly as early as four days post therapy. The fluorine signal change correlated to tumor volumes irrespective of time. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the potential of 19F MRI to non-invasively track macrophages during radiation therapy and its prognostic value with regard to tumor growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychotropic medications are typically prescribed in a trial-and-error fashion, and some providers are beginning to utilize pharmacogenetic testing (PGx) as a supplemental prescribing tool in treatment decision making. PGx testing shows potential in enhancing provider insights into personalized prescribing for patients by examining genetic information related to drug metabolism. Literature points to providers’ lack of knowledge in PGx interpretation as a main barrier, including psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners (PMHNPs). The aim of this study was to measure a difference, if any, in the knowledge and perceptions of PGx after implementation using a pre-post design. This study implemented an educational intervention on graduate nursing students (n = 15). Data were collected by using a pre- and post-interventional questionnaire. Results demonstrated a significant difference in findings related to students’ knowledge (p < 0.001), students’ skills related to pharmacogenetics, (p < 0.001), as well as students’ perceived ability to implement pharmacogenetics into their practice, (p = 0.028). The authors propose that the knowledge gained from the study demonstrates the importance of introducing PGx education into the PMHNP curricula and to prepare future PMHNPs to confidently utilize PGx in their clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Accurate dose calculation and delivery is critical in treating cancers in radiation therapy. Although high accuracy has been achieved, significant uncertainties or errors still exist in radiation therapy, especially brachytherapy. Various types of uncertainty have been investigated, such as organ filling and organ motion. But interfraction dose variations (IDVs) from the prescribed dose in high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR) resulting from clinical considerations have not been widely discussed. Understanding what IDVs look like and whether or not they would affect clinical outcomes is important to improve the effectiveness of HDR brachytherapy and quality of cervical cancer treatment. We found IVDs followed a left-skewed distribution in our previous study, and we continued to discuss their potential effect on clinical outcomes in this project. In this study, we found that IDVs would reduce tumor control probability and increase treatment failure rate, but a dose escalation could be a remedy for such an effect. Meeting dose prescription is critical to control tumors in radiation therapy. Interfraction dose variations (IDVs) from the prescribed dose in high dose rate brachytherapy (HDR) would cause the target dose to deviate from the prescription but their clinical effect has not been widely discussed in the literature. Our previous study found that IDVs followed a left-skewed distribution. The clinical effect of the IDVs in 100 cervical cancer HDR patients will be addressed in this paper. An in-house Monte Carlo (MC) program was used to simulate clinical outcomes by convolving published tumor dose response curves with IDV distributions. The optimal dose and probability of risk-free local control (RFLC) were calculated using the utility model. The IDVs were well-fitted by the left-skewed Beta distribution, which caused a 3.99% decrease in local control probability and a 1.80% increase in treatment failure. Utility with respect to IDV uncertainty increased the RFLC probability by 6.70% and predicted an optimal dose range of 83 Gy–91 Gy EQD2. It was also found that a 10 Gy dose escalation would not affect toxicity. In conclusion, HRCTV IDV uncertainty reduced LC probabilities and increased treatment failure rates. A dose escalation may help mitigate such effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides an overview of the recently developed state accountability system for public elementary and secondary schools in Rhode Island. Discusses accountability systems as technologies of social control and considers the costs, benefits, uncertainties, and necessary tensions associated with accountability systems. (Author/SLD)

Purpose: The dosimetric effect of edema on prostate implants have long been realized, but large uncertainties still exist in the estimation of dose actually received by the prostate. This study attempted to develop a new method to accurately estimate dose delivered to the prostate accounting for the variation of prostate volume and seed distribution, edema half‐lives, and times for postimplant evaluation. Methods and materials: A series of prostate seed implants for Cs‐131, Pd‐103, and I‐125 with various prostate volumes were simulated in a water phantom using the TG‐43 algorithm on the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system. Dose analysis was performed to derive a quantitative relationship between the prostate peripheral dose and the prostate radius with the variation of prostate volume and seed distribution. Using this relationship to calculate dynamically, the total dose accumulated in the prostate (DT) accounting for the variation of prostate volume and seed distribution and edema half‐lives. Moreover, the total dose can be estimated statically based on the prostate volume that can be determined in a computerized tomography (CT) image taken at a time after implantation. The statically estimated total dose (DCT) was compared with DT to determine optimal imaging times as well as dose correction factors for other imaging times. Results: An inverse power law was established between the prostate peripheral dose and prostate radius. The value of the power was 1.3 for Cs‐131 and I‐125, and 1.5 for Pd‐103, respectively. DT was derived dynamically using the inverse power law. Given the edema half‐lives, TE, of 4, 9.3, and 25 days and the volume expansion of 1.1 and 2.0 times of the prostate without edema, the optimal times for postimplant imaging were: 7, 9, and 16 days for TE = 4 days; 10, 14, and 28 days for TE = 9.3 days; and 12, 19, 45 days TE = 25 days, for Cs‐131, Pd‐103, and I‐125, respectively. DCT calculated using the prostate volume determined on the optimal days agreed with DT to 0.0%–1.8% and within 0.3% for most cases. For various prostate volumes, edema half‐lives, and nonoptimal times, DCT was able to achieve a 1% accuracy. Conclusion: The postimplant dose calculation based on the proposed inverse power law for prostate seed implants with edema has improved the accuracy of postimplant dosimetry with accurate and patient‐specific dose corrections accounting for prostate size, edema half‐life, and postimplant imaging times. Optimal times for postimplant imaging have been accurately determined, and the high accuracy of postimplant dose calculation can be achieved for both optimal imaging times and nonoptimal imaging times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suggests that computer and related technologies as tools for teaching, learning, and assessment are neither gender neutral nor benign in effect. Examines computers, equity, and access issues, computers as a technology, and the implications for computer-based assessment. (LZ)

Testing is a technology, a socially mediated, value-laden endeavor. Technologies embody trade-offs between what is desired and real-world constraints of cost, time, thought, and energy. Although alternative assessments offer exciting prospects for middle schools, these new forms must not be misused or naively accepted as defensible, consummate evidence of student achievement. Using a wide range of techniques is essential. (MLH)

The capacity of teachers and school districts adequately to assess science-technology-society education efforts in various subject areas and to defend reliability and validity of such instruments will determine the future of STS education. The article outlines general considerations and provides examples of assessment measures in STS education. (SM)

Age-adjusted rates of deaths due to cardiovascular disease have declined by more than 50% in the past 25 years among whites and blacks of both sexes. (1) This decrease is [...]

High-sugar consumption is related to dyslipidemia. How acute exercise affects postprandial lipid and lipoprotein particle responses to a high-sugar meal (HSM) in postmenopausal women is unclear. We examined the effects of a late afternoon/early evening bout of aerobic exercise on postprandial lipid and lipoprotein particle responses to a HSM breakfast the following day in 22 postmenopausal women. Subjects underwent exercise (EX) and no exercise (NE) conditions in the evening 13–16 h before the HSM breakfast consumption, in a random order. During the EX condition, subjects performed supervised aerobic exercise for 60 min at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate. The HSM (75.6% carbohydrate and 33% energy needs) was consumed after a 12-h fast. Serum lipids and lipoproteins were assessed at baseline and postprandially (60, 120, 180 min). Repeated measures analysis showed significantly lower area under the curve (geometric means [95% CI]) for triglycerides (TG) (2.96[2.43, 3.61] vs. 3.24[2.70, 3.88] mmol/L*hr; p = 0.049) and very low density lipoprotein particles (VLDLP) (114.6[88.2, 148.9] vs. 134.3[108.1, 166.9] nmol/L*hr; p = 0.02) during the EX versus NE condition. There were no condition effects for other variables. In conclusion, the EX versus NE condition lowered postprandial AUC for TG and VLDLP following HSM consumption in postmenopausal women. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02919488 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Describes a module in which students seek to gain an understanding of factors that interact in the ecological system of their school. Presents sample questions for use in reinforcing concepts and evaluating student learning, directions for four task activities, and topics for some of the remaining task activities. (RT)

High-sugar intake may cause endothelial dysfunction. It is unknown if a bout of aerobic exercise improves endothelial dysfunction caused by a high-sugar meal in postmenopausal women. This study evaluated if prior aerobic exercise attenuates postprandial endothelial dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Twentytwo postmenopausal women (age [mean±SD]: 60.4±6.5 years; % body fat: 40.3%±7.5%) underwent an exercise (EX) or no exercise (NE) condition, in a random order, 13-16 hours prior to the high-sugar meal consumption. The EX condition included a 60 min bout of supervised aerobic exercise at 75% of age-predicted maximum heart rate. The high-sugar meal, consumed after a 12-hour fast, contained 33% of the subjects' daily energy needs, and 75.6% energy from carbohydrates. Flowmediated dilation (FMD) and blood concentrations of glucose, insulin, endothelin-1 (ET-1), and nitric oxide (NO) were assessed at baseline and 60 min, 120 min, and 180 min postprandially. Repeated measures analysis test showed that there were no condition by time interaction or condition effects for FMD, glucose, insulin, or NO. There was a significant condition by time interaction but no condition effect for ET-1. Area under the curve was also not different by condition for insulin sensitivity or the above variables. In conclusion, prior aerobic exercise compared with NE did not affect FMD, blood glucose, insulin, ET-1 or NO concentrations, or insulin sensitivity following a high-sugar meal in postmenopausal women. Future studies should look at the effect of different EX intensities on mealinduced endothelial dysfunction in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The treatment of mental illness is often done on a trial-and-error basis and achieving therapeutic benefits from a medication is not always guaranteed. Pharmacogenomics explores the role of gene–gene interactions and interindividual responses to a drug and may be promising in the guidance of pharmacotherapeutic options. In the present study, the impact of pharmacogenomic testing in management of mental health medication was investigated. Participants were identified at a local outpatient mental health facility through convenience sampling. Retrospective chart review included medication history, adverse drug reactions, pharmacogenomic history, and demographic data including insurance coverage. Chart review focused on six months pre- and post-pharmacogenomic for a comparison with the patient serving as their own control. Results indicate a high incidence of alterations in two specific cytochrome enzymes, CYP2D6 and CYP2C19. In total, 82% of the sample had variations with CYP2D6, while 64% of individuals had variations with CYP2C19. In total, 91% of patients tested received Medicaid or Medicare. Post-pharmacogenomic testing, all patient drug regimens were modified, and all reported less adverse side effects. Moreover, advanced practice nurse providers educated patients about the availability of genetic testing, initiated testing and provided care based on findings. These results demonstrate the utility of genetic testing in the realm of mental health. Future directions involve further exploring the benefits of pharmacogenomic testing in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nucleotide Axis Hypothesis, defined and supported herein, proposes that ATP stimulates the release of vasoactive mediators from endothelium, including ATP itself. Here, we show rapid endothelium-dependent, agonist-stimulated ATP elaboration in coronary vessels of guinea pigs. Measurement of extracellular ADP metabolism in intact vessels results in the time- and substrate-dependent formation of ATP in the coronary perfusate in amounts greater than can be accounted for by release from endothelium alone. ATP formation by endothelial cells is saturable ([K.sub.M] = 38.5 [micro]mol/l, where [K.sub.M] is substrate concentration at which rate is half-maximal.) and trypsin-sensitive, membranes from [[Gamma]-.sup.32] P]ATP-labeled cells support ADP-dependent transphosphorylation by a 20-kDa protein, Western blots reveal the presence of a nucleoside diphosphate kinase (NDPK) of ~20 kDa in endothelial membranes, and analysis of NDPK antibody binding by flow cytometry is consistent with the presence of an ecto-NDPK on cardiac endothelial cells. Sequencing of the endothelial cell ecto-NDPK reveals a predicted amino acid sequence with 85% identity to human Nm23-H1 and consistent with a protein whose properties may confer membrane association as well as sites of regulation of activity. Our data underscore the potential importance of a nucleotide axis in cardiac blood vessels. release of vasoactive factors; ectoenzyme; ecto-Nm23

Angiostatin blocks tumor angiogenesis in vivo, almost certainly through its demonstrated ability to block endothelial cell migration and proliferation. Although the mechanism of angiostatin action remains unknown, identification of [F.sub.1]-[F.sub.0] ATP synthase as the major angiostatin-binding site on the endothelial cell surface suggests that ATP metabolism may play a role in the angiostatin response. Previous studies noting the presence of [F.sub.1] ATP synthase subunits on endothelial cells and certain cancer cells did not determine whether this enzyme was functional in ATP synthesis. We now demonstrate that all components of the [F.sub.1] ATP synthase catalytic core are present on the endothelial cell surface, where they colocalize into discrete punctate structures. The surfaceassociated enzyme is active in ATP synthesis as shown by dual-label TLC and bioluminescence assays. Both ATP synthase and ATPase activities of the enzyme are inhibited by angiostatin as well as by antibodies directed against the [Alpha]- and [Beta]-subunits of ATP synthase in cell-based and biochemical assays. Our data suggest that angiostatin inhibits vascularization by suppression of endothelialsurface ATP metabolism, which, in turn, may regulate vascular physiology by established mechanisms. We now have shown that antibodies directed against subunits of ATP synthase exhibit endothelial cell-inhibitory activities comparable to that of angiostatin, indicating that these antibodies function as angiostatin mimetics.