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With the rapid development of high-speed railways (HSR) in China, the level of travel accessibility for residents has improved. While previous research has predominantly concentrated on the accessibility of HSR networks, it is imperative to recognize that the accessibility of HSR services is intrinsically intertwined with the spatial arrangement of HSR stations. The unreasonable location of HSR stations can lead to inequitable problems in service facilities within metropolitan areas. When investigating the accessibility of HSR stations, the road network emerges as the primary conduit for residents' mobility. The spatial variance of the road network manifests not only in divergent spatial densities but also in the traffic conditions across distinct temporal and spatial intervals. Based on the road network and dynamic road conditions, this study proposed a modified two-step floating catchment area method (M2SFCA) by using high-speed railway station location data, the subdistrict office (village and town) data, road network data, and floating car data (FCD). Taking the XZQ Metropolitan Core Area (the metropolitan core area of Xiamen, Zhangzhou, and Quanzhou, China) as an example, this paper analyzed the impact of a newly planned HSR station on the spatial distribution of accessibility in the metropolitan core area. The findings revealed that the newly planned HSR station has led to a substantial 68.18% elevation in overall regional accessibility. Notably, approximately 35% of the population has transitioned from locales with diminished accessibility to regions with heightened accessibility. Furthermore, the HSR station has ameliorated the hitherto uneven spatial distribution of accessibility advantages across the region. Under the limitation of travel time in metropolitan areas, this study explored an accessibility evaluation model based on dynamic traffic data, providing a method for an impartial and equitable evaluation of transportation infrastructure placement within the metropolitan core area. This study shows that the new high-speed railway station will not only improve regional accessibility but also affect the equilibrium degree of the spatial distribution of regional accessibility benefits. It is suggested that the metropolitan area should further build high-grade roads, strengthen transportation network links between urban areas, and improve regional accessibility. At the same time, for areas where the degree of accessibility fairness has declined, it is suggested to increase the energy level and scale of their high-speed railway stations to reduce the dependence of local residents on external high-speed railway stations and improve the convenience of local residents' travel. In addition, this paper improves the accessibility measurement method—2SFCA method. By improving the search carrier of the spatial action domain, the calculation method of road traffic state, and the selection of time threshold, the improved 2SFCA method is more in line with the actual situation, which expands the dynamic space–time analysis ability, improves the accuracy of accessibility calculation, and can more accurately judge the fairness of high-speed railway station construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the endurance characteristic of the TiN/HZO/TiN capacitor was improved by the laminated structure of a ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin film. Altering the HZO deposition ratio, the laminated-structure interlayer was formed in the middle of the HZO film. Although small remanent polarization reduction was observed in the capacitor with a laminated structure, the endurance characteristic was improved by two orders of magnitude (from 106 to 108 cycles). Moreover, the leakage current of the TiN/HZO/TiN capacitor with the laminated-structure interlayer was reduced by one order of magnitude. The reliability enhancement was proved by the Time-Dependent Dielectric Breakdown (TDDB) test, and the optimization results were attributed to the migration inhibition and nonuniform distribution of oxygen vacancies. Without additional materials and a complicated process, the laminated-structure method provides a feasible strategy for improving HZO device reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The exhaust of excessively high heat and particle fluxes on the divertor target is crucial for EAST long-pulse operation. In the recent EAST experiments, stable partial energy detachment around the upper outer strike point with H98,y2 ∼ 1 was achieved with either Ne or Ar seeding from the upper outer divetor target in the upper single null configuration with ITER-like tungsten divertor. With either Ar or Ne seeding, the electron temperature around the upper outer strike point (Tet,UOSP) was maintained at around 5 eV, the peak temperature of divertor target surface around the upper outer strike point (Tdiv,UO) decreased significantly, and material sputtering was well suppressed. It was observed that there was less Ar seeding needed for partial energy detachment onset than Ne seeding, which shows that Ar is more efficient in the cooling of Tet on the upper outer divertor than Ne. However, there was no detachment on the upper inner divertor with Tet around strike point (Tet,UISP) remaining >10 eV with either Ar or Ne seeding from the upper outer divertor. Accompanied with the disappearance of double peak phenomenon of ion flux density on the upper inner divertor target (js,UI), the peak Tdiv,UI around the strike point increased to around 300 °C. Although the heat flux on the upper inner divertor target (qt,UI) is still in the acceptable level, either Ar or Ne seeding only from the upper outer divertor target is not enough to protect the upper inner divertor target from sputtering under current EAST conditions. On the other hand, Ar seeding always causes confinement degradation in the partial energy detachment state. It was observed that there is a slight confinement improvement (∼10%) with Ne seeding, which may be due to density peaking, dilution effects and stabilization of the ion temperature gradient mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The controlling of plasma shape and position are essential to the success of Tokamak discharge. A real-time image acquisition system was designed to obtain plasma radiation image during the discharge processes in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) device. The hardware structure and software design of this visible camera system are introduced in detail. According to the general structure of EAST and the layout of the observation window, spatial location of the discharging plasma in the image was measured. An improved Sobel edge detection algorithm using iterative threshold was proposed to detect plasma boundary. EAST discharge results show that the proposed method acquired plasma position and boundary with high accuracy, which is of great significance for better plasma control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article suggests that the Yao religious domain should be considered as an interface where the Chinese imperial state attempted to assert its "civilizing" power by incorporating local society into official governance, yet also where the Yao not only assimilated but also transformed imperial influences in the light of their own cultural values. It explores these issues by describing the patrilineal ideology of Yao ordination and its impact on the transmission of ritual manuscripts. Another key issue centres on the ways in which the ideological basis of filial piety, an important Confucian value at the core of ancestor worship, has been re-employed to sustain the practice of Yao ordination as well as their manuscript culture. Yao ritual manuscripts have generally been regarded as literary manifestations of the success of the imperial "civilizing project" among non-Han peoples, with previous scholarship considering Yao ritual manuscripts in terms of their contents and treating them as mere "textual artefacts". In contrast, this essay argues in favor of conceptualizing Yao ritual manuscripts as "objects of value", and shows how the Yao have projected their diverse perceptions of the state's "civilizing" power as part of the cultural value attached to writing, as well as the object-hood embodied in ritual manuscripts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the discharge of the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST), the divertor target plate (DTP) accumulates a large amount of heat and suffers irreversible damages, so building of a temperature measurement system is crucial for guaranteeing the steady running of EAST. In this work, a radiation thermometer system which mainly consist of a high-speed infrared camera and an endoscope is employed to get surface temperature of upper divertor target plate (UDTP) between 20 and 200 °C. The spectral response function, the geometric factor and the radiation coming from the inner parts of the measurement system are obtained using a reference blackbody placed inside EAST based on multi-temperature calibration method. Meanwhile, in order to reduce temperature measurement error aroused by the emissivity of the divertor material, a nonlinear model is built between 20 and 200 °C in this paper to describe the dependence of spectral band emissivity on temperature. Finally the surface temperature of UDTP is obtained by solving the temperature equation using this emissivity model prior. Based on this method, the surface temperature of UDTP between 20 and 200 °C is measured and it can follow the changes of heating power in EAST real time. Compared with the traditional method in which the emissivity of the divertor material is deemed to a determinate constant, this method can efficiently improve the precision of temperature measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft tissues such as skin, muscle, and tendon are easily damaged due to injury from physical activity and pathological lesions. For soft tissue repair and regeneration, biomaterials are often used to build scaffolds with appropriate structures and tailored functionalities that can support cell growth and new tissue formation. Among all types of scaffolds, natural polymer-based scaffolds attract much attention due to their excellent biocompatibility and tunable mechanical properties. In this comprehensive mini-review, we summarize recent progress on natural polymer-based scaffolds for soft tissue repair, focusing on clinical translations and materials design. Furthermore, the limitations and challenges, such as unsatisfied mechanical properties and unfavorable biological responses, are discussed to advance the development of novel scaffolds for soft tissue repair and regeneration toward clinical translation., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Chen, Jiang, Deng, Zhao, Li and Guo.)

Sphingosine kinase 1 (SPHK1) regulates cell proliferation and survival by converting sphingosine to the signaling mediator sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). SPHK1 is widely overexpressed in most cancers, promoting tumor progression and is associated with clinical prognosis. Numerous studies have explored SPHK1 as a promising target for cancer therapy. However, due to insufficient knowledge of SPHK1 oncogenic mechanisms, its inhibitors' therapeutic potential in preventing and treating cancer still needs further investigation. In this review, we summarized the metabolic balance regulated by the SPHK1/S1P signaling pathway and highlighted the oncogenic mechanisms of SPHK1 via the upregulation of autophagy, proliferation, and survival, migration, angiogenesis and inflammation, and inhibition of apoptosis. Drug candidates targeting SPHK1 were also discussed at the end. This review provides new insights into the oncogenic effect of SPHK1 and sheds light on the future direction for targeting SPHK1 as cancer therapy.

The Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) device aims to achieve a steady-state and long-pulse discharge over 1000 s. An embedded high-speed data acquisition system based on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) for EAST is designed in this study. A cyclone FPGA is used as the master chip, and a TI's analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) chip is used to complete ADC. One acquisition system board consists of four ADC chips. The acquired data are compressed and stored into a disk array through a Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) Express interface and then uploaded to the data server. One board can collect the signals of eight channels synchronously. A number of such boards can be used to collect additional channel signals. Experimental results show that the system can reach 80 MSps and the sampling precision can reach 12 bits with 1250 s continuous sampling. The system integrates signal conditioning, data acquisition, and data processing into a single board and provides an architecture with high integration and portability levels.