110 results on '"Connor, D. H."'
Search Results
2. Phenotype, Distribution and Alloreactive Properties of Memory T Cells from Cynomolgus Monkeys
- Author
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Nadazdin, Ognjenka, Boskovic, Svjetlan, Murakami, Toru, OʼConnor, D. H., Wiseman, Roger W., Karl, J. A., Tuscher, J. J., Sachs, D. H., Madsen, J. C., Tocco, Georges, Kawai, Tatsuo, Cosimi, A. B., and Benichou, Gilles
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Resources for genetic management and genomics research on non-human primates at the National Primate Research Centers (NPRCs)
- Author
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Kanthaswamy, S., Capitanio, J. P., Dubay, C. J., Ferguson, B., Folks, T., Ha, J. C., Hotchkiss, C. E., Johnson, Z. P., Katze, M. G., Kean, L. S., Kubisch, Michael H., Lank, S., Lyons, L. A., Miller, G. M., Nylander, J., OʼConnor, D. H., Palermo, R. E., Smith, D. G., Vallender, E. J., Wiseman, R. W., and Rogers, J.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Pathogenesis of lymphatic filariasis in man
- Author
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Connor, D. H., Palmieri, J. R., and Gibson, D. W.
- Published
- 1986
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- View/download PDF
5. Effects of placental malaria on mothers and neonates from Zaire
- Author
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Anagnos, D., Lanoie, L. O., Palmieri, J. R., Ziefer, A., and Connor, D. H.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Fatal infections in protein-calorie malnourished children with thymolymphatic atrophy.
- Author
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PURTILO, DAVID T., CONNOR, DANIEL H., Purtilo, D T, and Connor, D H
- Abstract
The clinicopathological features of 25 children who died with protein-calorie malnutrition were studied. All but four subjects were found at necropsy to have nutritional thymectomy and all but 3 died of infectious diseases. The infectious agents were chiefly intracellular micro-organisms including miliary tuberculosis, Herpes simplex, varicella, measles, Pneumocystis carinii, and Plasmodium falciparum. Staphylococcal infections, salmonellosis, shigellosis, strongyloidiasis, and hookworm were other significant infectious agents. Nutritionally acquired defective immunity, especially cell-mediated immunity, probably permitted these infectious agents to multiply and to disseminate widely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1975
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. An Investigation of Tropical Splenomegaly at Mulago Hospital, Kampala, Uganda.
- Author
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Marsden, P. D., Hutt, M. S. R., Wilks, N. E., Voller, A., Blackman, V., Shah, K. K., Connor, D. H., Hamilton, P. J. S., Banwell, J. G., and Lunn, H. F.
- Published
- 1965
8. Acquired heart disease in Ugandan children.
- Author
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Caddell, J L, Warley, A, Connor, D H, D'Arbela, P G, and Billinghurst, J R
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- 1966
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9. Congenital heart disease in Ugandan children.
- Author
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Caddell, J L and Connor, D H
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- 1966
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10. Predicting the severity of motor vehicle accident injuries using models of ordered multiple choice.
- Author
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O'Donnell CJ and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Acceleration, Accidents, Traffic prevention & control, Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Multiple Trauma prevention & control, Patient Admission statistics & numerical data, Probability, Accidents, Traffic statistics & numerical data, Models, Statistical, Multiple Trauma epidemiology
- Abstract
This paper presents statistical evidence showing how variations in the attributes of road users can lead to variations in the probabilities of sustaining different levels of injury in motor vehicle accidents. Data from New South Wales, Australia, is used to estimate two models of multiple choice which are reasonably commonplace in the econometrics literature: the ordered logit model and the ordered probit model. Our estimated parameters are significantly different from zero at small levels of significance and have signs which are consistent with our prior beliefs. As a benchmark for comparison, we consider the risks faced by a 33-year-old male driver of a 10-year-old motor vehicle who is involved in a head-on collision while travelling at 42 kilometres per hour. We estimate that this benchmark victim will remain uninjured with a probability of almost zero, will require treatment from a medical officer with a probability of approximately 0.7, will be admitted to hospital with a probability of approximately 0.3, and will be killed with a probability of almost zero. We find that increases in the age of the victim and vehicle speed lead to slight increases in the probabilities of serious injury and death. Other factors which have a similar or greater effect on the probabilities of different types of injury include seating position, blood alcohol level, vehicle type, vehicle make and type of collision.
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- 1996
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11. Amebiasis complicating carcinomas: a diagnostic dilemma.
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Mhlanga BR, Lanoie LO, Norris HJ, Lack EE, and Connor DH
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- Adenocarcinoma complications, Adenocarcinoma parasitology, Aged, Biopsy, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell parasitology, Diagnosis, Differential, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Perineum, Sigmoid Neoplasms parasitology, Skin Neoplasms parasitology, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms parasitology, Carcinoma, Squamous Cell complications, Entamoebiasis complications, Sigmoid Neoplasms complications, Skin Neoplasms complications, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms complications
- Abstract
Two black African women and one black American man had carcinomas of cervix, perineum, and sigmoid colon, respectively. In each of these patients, trophozoites of Entamoeba histolytica had invaded the surface of the tumor, and in some areas had invaded more deeply into the stroma between the tumor cells. Although it is well known that cutaneous amebiasis of anus, penis, vulva, and cervix can mimic squamous cell carcinoma, it may be, perhaps, less well known that carcinomas at these sites may be colonized by trophozoites of E. histolytica. In patients with amebiasis but without an associated carcinoma, a correct diagnosis of amebiasis spares the patient unnecessary and sometimes mutilating surgery. But a diagnosis of amebiasis, when there is an unrecognized underlying carcinoma, delays effective treatment of the carcinoma. A smear that establishes a diagnosis of cutaneous amebiasis, therefore, should be followed by biopsy to exclude or confirm an underlying carcinoma.
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- 1992
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12. Enterobiasis: a histopathological study of 259 patients.
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Sinniah B, Leopairut J, Neafie RC, Connor DH, and Voge M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Animals, Child, Child, Preschool, Enterobius isolation & purification, Female, Genitalia, Female parasitology, Genitalia, Female pathology, Humans, Intestines parasitology, Lung parasitology, Lung pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Peritoneum parasitology, Genital Diseases, Female pathology, Intestinal Diseases, Parasitic pathology, Lung Diseases, Parasitic pathology, Oxyuriasis pathology
- Abstract
Enterobius worms or their eggs, or both, are present in preserved tissue sections or tissue specimens of 259 patients whose medical records are on file at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington D.C., U.S.A. The most common site of infection (86.5%) was found to be the lumen of the appendix, where the worms provoke no reaction. Of the 259 patients 11 (4.2%) had worms and/or eggs in granulomas of the abdominal and pelvic peritoneum, and an equal number had granulomas on the peritoneum of the salphinx or on the surface of the ovary. There were also ectopic worms and/or eggs in granulomas on the peritoneum of the small and large intestines (2.7%). These Enterobius granulomas form around degenerating adult worms, around discrete eggs, around clusters of eggs, and, we believe, also around the tracks of migrating worms. Three patients (1.2%) had worms in perianal abscesses. A necrotic granuloma, removed from the lung of one patient, surrounded a degenerating adult worm. This suggests that the worm, carried to the lung as an embolus, impacted in a pulmonary arteriole. A stool specimen of one patient contains eggs of Enterobius, and that of another patient contains an adult Enterobius. This is the largest recorded histopathological study of enterobiasis in man.
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- 1991
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13. Dermatophilus congolensis chronic nodular disease in man.
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Albrecht R, Horowitz S, Gilbert E, Hong R, Richard J, and Connor DH
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- Animals, B-Lymphocytes, Binding Sites, Child, Chronic Disease, Humans, Immunity, Cellular, Immunoglobulin Fc Fragments analysis, Lymphokines analysis, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Recurrence, Skin Diseases, Infectious microbiology, Zoonoses microbiology, Skin Diseases, Infectious etiology, Zoonoses etiology
- Published
- 1974
14. Onchocerciasis: a review of clinical, pathologic and chemotherapeutic aspects, and vector control program.
- Author
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Gibson DW, Duke BO, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Animals, Humans, Onchocerciasis drug therapy, Onchocerciasis parasitology, Onchocerciasis pathology, Insect Control, Insect Vectors parasitology, Onchocerca growth & development, Onchocerciasis prevention & control, Simuliidae parasitology
- Published
- 1989
15. Cytotoxic activity of Mycobacterium ulcerans.
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Read JK, Heggie CM, Meyers WM, and Connor DH
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- Animals, Clone Cells, Culture Techniques, Erythema etiology, Guinea Pigs, L Cells, Mice, Mycobacterium immunology, Skin pathology, Toxins, Biological isolation & purification, Toxins, Biological toxicity, Ultrafiltration, Virulence, Mycobacterium pathogenicity, Toxins, Biological analysis
- Abstract
Although Mycobacterium ulcerans elicits extensive necrosis of human skin and subcutaneous tissue, the specific cause of the necrosis has never been elucidated. In an attempt to define a toxic substance, 18 strains of M. ulcerans were inoculated into mice, and the progress of each infection was observed and compared with infections of other mycobacteria, including M. cheloni, M. marinum, and M. bovis. Culture filtrates and viable organisms of each of these mycobacteria were inoculated onto tissue culture cells. Inoculation of mouse footpads with M. ulcerans resulted in progressive infections, leading to ulceration and eventual death. Strains of M. cheloni, M. marinum, and M. bovis did not produce progressive infections in the mice. Culture filtrates of M. ulcerans produced severe cytopathogenic effects on tissue cells, but washed, viable organisms of the same strains had no cytopathogenic effect. Culture filtrates and viable organisms of M. cheloni, M. marinum, and M. bovis did not produce a cytopathogenic effect on the tissue cells. Viable organisms of selected strains of M. ulcerans and the culture filtrates of the same strains were inoculated into guinea pig skin. The culture filtrates and the viable organisms both caused focal necrosis and focal inflammation, changes that resemble those in the naturally occurring infection in man. Preliminary purification of the culture filtrate by ultrafiltration indicates that the toxic fraction has a molecular weight of approximately 100,000, and temperature studies indicate that the toxic fraction is heat labile.
- Published
- 1974
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16. North American brugian filariasis: report of nine infections of humans.
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Baird JK, Alpert LI, Friedman R, Schraft WC, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adult, Brugia, California, Elephantiasis, Filarial pathology, Female, Florida, Humans, Lymph Nodes parasitology, Lymph Nodes pathology, Male, Middle Aged, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Elephantiasis, Filarial epidemiology, Lymphedema epidemiology
- Abstract
Nine people living in Rhode Island, New York, Pennsylvania, Florida, or California acquired autochthonous brugian filariasis. Each patient had an enlarged lymph node containing a single worm or, in one patient, a pair of worms. Most worms were in lymphatic vessels within the node, but two worms were in the substance of the node. Ten worms were studied, seven female and three male. Female worms contained paired uteri that occupied most of the body cavity of the worm, and male worms contained a single reproductive tract. No worms were gravid. The diameter of the worms was small, 30 micron to 75 micron. The usual diameter of female worms was 65 micron to 75 micron, and 45 micron to 50 micron for male worms. The morphologic features of these worms, their anatomical location, and their geographic distribution are all characteristic of infection with a North American Brugia species.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
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17. Non-ulcerative amebiasis of rectum.
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George GH, Baird JK, Thorpe RG, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Aged, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Dysentery, Amebic parasitology, Entamoeba histolytica, Female, Host-Parasite Interactions, Humans, Rectum parasitology, Dysentery, Amebic pathology, Rectum pathology
- Published
- 1986
18. Cardiac fungal infections: review of autopsy findings in 60 patients.
- Author
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Atkinson JB, Connor DH, Robinowitz M, McAllister HA, and Virmani R
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adrenal Cortex Hormones adverse effects, Adult, Aged, Anti-Bacterial Agents adverse effects, Antineoplastic Agents adverse effects, Cardiac Surgical Procedures, Cardiomyopathies chemically induced, Cardiomyopathies etiology, Cardiomyopathies microbiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Mycoses chemically induced, Mycoses etiology, Mycoses microbiology, Postoperative Complications, Cardiomyopathies pathology, Mycoses pathology
- Abstract
An autopsy study of 60 patients with fungal infections of the heart was undertaken. The patients ranged in age from 2 months to 79 years. Fifteen of the patients had undergone cardiac surgery; neoplasms were found in 13, renal failure in eight, bacterial infections in five, liver disease in five, gastrointestinal disorders in five, and immune disease in four; two had been intravenous drug abusers; other miscellaneous disorders were observed in three. The fungal infection was limited to the myocardium in 27 patients and to the endocardium in 17 patients. Myocardium and endocardium were involved in nine patients and pericardium and myocardium in five; two patients had pericarditis alone. The most frequent organism was Candida (62 per cent). Aspergillus (12 per cent) and Phycomycetes (12 per cent) were also found frequently. In 51 patients (85 per cent) other deep organs, usually lung, kidney, brain, or spleen were involved. Cultures for fungus had been positive in 26 patients prior to death, and postmortem cultures were positive in 29 patients. Patients who had undergone cardiac surgery had a higher incidence of endocarditis (93 per cent), with Candida (53 per cent) being the most frequent cause. Patients who had received antineoplastic drugs, antibiotics, or corticosteroids had a higher incidence of myocarditis (79 per cent), again most often due to Candida (60 per cent).
- Published
- 1984
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19. Trapping, care, and laboratory management of the silvered leaf monkey (Presbytis cristatus).
- Author
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Palmieri JR, Van Dellen AF, Tirtokusumo S, Masbar S, Rusch J, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Animals, Behavior, Animal physiology, Body Weight, Female, Housing, Animal, Immunization veterinary, Indonesia, Male, Restraint, Physical, Transportation, Animal Husbandry, Animals, Laboratory physiology, Cercopithecidae physiology
- Abstract
The silvered leaf monkey (Presbytis cristatus) from South Kalimantan ( Borneo ), Indonesia is a natural host for a variety of filarial nematodes including Brugia malayi and Wuchereria kalimantani . Experimental studies show that it is host for W. bancrofti, a filarial nematode causing elephantiasis in man. Presbytis cristatus is a gregarious primate of primary and secondary forests, roaming in troops of 20-30 members. Primarily a fruit and leaf eater under natural conditions, this monkey can adapt to a laboratory diet of commercial monkey chow supplemented with fruits and vegetables. Troops, led by an alpha male, immediately respond to protect their young during stressful or dangerous situations. Infants are born singly and are bright orange. Transition to the adult grey and black coloration begins three to five months after birth. Silvered leaf monkeys can be readily trapped. Initially they are aggressive and will attack but become tractable several days after capture. Reaching upward is an important feeding behavior of the silvered leaf monkey and they will not feed from the floor of the cage. In the laboratory they are nonaggressive and lend themselves to various procedures such as blood drawing and examination. Silvered leaf monkeys travel well in commercial animal transport cages. In the United Stages they are not an endangered species and can be readily imported. In Indonesia they are not protected by law and can be exported.
- Published
- 1984
20. Infections caused by Penicillium marneffei in China and Southeast Asia: review of eighteen published cases and report of four more Chinese cases.
- Author
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Deng Z, Ribas JL, Gibson DW, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adult, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, Asia, Southeastern, China, Humans, Infant, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Penicillium drug effects, Penicillium growth & development, Penicillium ultrastructure, Mycoses drug therapy, Mycoses epidemiology, Mycoses microbiology, Mycoses pathology
- Abstract
One accidental and 17 natural human infections caused by Penicillium marneffei have been reported in the literature. The accidental infection, in Paris, followed inoculation of a culture from a Vietnamese bamboo rat into the finger of a mycologist. All patients with natural infections had lived or traveled in the Far East. Nine of these patients were Chinese, all from Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The four additional infections from Guangxi reported herein bring the total to 21 natural infections. P. marneffei is a primary pathogen of humans, causing two clinical types of disease: focal infection and fatal, progressive, disseminated infection. There are three histopathologic reactions: (1) granulomatous; (2) suppurative; and (3) anergic and necrotizing. The first two reactions are seen in patients with "normal" immunity and the third in patients with compromised immunity. P. marneffei is unique among species of Penicillium because of its thermal dimorphism, its recognized ecologic niche (restricted to the Far East), and its propensity to infect the lungs and the reticuloendothelial system and to proliferate within histiocytes.
- Published
- 1988
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21. Deposition of eosinophil granule major basic protein onto microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in the skin of patients treated with diethylcarbamazine.
- Author
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Kephart GM, Gleich GJ, Connor DH, Gibson DW, and Ackerman SJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Animals, Child, Eosinophil Granule Proteins, Eosinophilic Granuloma pathology, Female, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Humans, Male, Microfilariae, Middle Aged, Onchocerca, Onchocerciasis pathology, Skin pathology, Blood Proteins metabolism, Diethylcarbamazine therapeutic use, Eosinophilic Granuloma parasitology, Onchocerciasis drug therapy, Ribonucleases, Skin parasitology
- Abstract
We investigated the association between eosinophil degranulation, as evidenced by the deposition of granule major basic protein (MBP), and the killing of microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in vivo following treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC). Utilizing an immunofluorescence procedure for the cellular and extracellular localization of eosinophil MBP in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues, we studied skin biopsies from onchocerciasis patients before and during treatment with topically or orally administered DEC. Before DEC, there was little or no inflammatory response in either dermis or epidermis and microfilariae were essentially intact. Immunofluorescent staining for MBP revealed some filamentous fluorescence associated with dermal collagen fibers, very few eosinophils, and no fluorescence in association with intact microfilariae. In contrast, during treatment with DEC, immunofluorescent staining for MBP revealed extensive eosinophil infiltrates in both dermis and epidermis with numerous intraepidermal eosinophil abscesses containing degenerating microfilariae. An intense extracellular immunofluorescence for MBP surrounded degenerating microfilariae in the dermis and epidermis in both the presence and absence of eosinophil infiltrates as early as 4.5 hours after starting therapy. Many intact nondegenerating microfilariae were also present, but they did not show immunofluorescent staining for MBP nor a surrounding inflammatory infiltrate. The results show that immediately following administration of DEC, eosinophils localize and degranulate around microfilariae in the skin and release granule MBP onto or in close proximity to the parasite's surface. Because of the striking association between eosinophil localization, degranulation, and deposition of MBP onto microfilarial surfaces, and the degeneration of microfilariae in the skin, these observations support the hypothesis that the eosinophil, through helminthotoxic granule proteins such as MBP, damages the microfilariae of O. volvulus.
- Published
- 1984
22. Adult Mansonella perstans in the abdominal cavity in nine Africans.
- Author
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Baird JK, Neafie RC, Lanoie L, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Aged, Animals, Female, Humans, Male, Mansonella anatomy & histology, Middle Aged, Abdomen parasitology, Filariasis pathology, Mansonella isolation & purification, Mansonelliasis pathology
- Abstract
Adult Mansonella perstans infected the abdominal cavity of nine patients seen at Karawa Hospital in the Ubangi territory of Zaire. In four patients the worms were removed at laparotomy, and in the other five they were removed at autopsy. Twelve adult worms were identified in the nine patients. None of the worms caused symptoms or contributed to the patient's death. Worms were in the hernial sac in three patients, and one each was in connective tissue beside a reactive mesenteric lymph node, in peripancreatic connective tissue, in perirenal connective tissue, in hepatic portal connective tissue, on the serosal surface of the small intestine, and in connective tissue adjacent to rectum. The diameter of male worms was 45 microns to 60 microns and of female worms, 80 microns to 125 microns. One female worm was removed intact. It was 6 cm long and had a bifurcated tail characteristic of M. perstans.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
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23. Fatal strongyloidiasis in immunosuppressed patients.
- Author
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Purtilo DT, Meyers WM, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adult, Anemia, Aplastic complications, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Leprosy complications, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms complications, Protein Deficiency complications, Strongyloidiasis complications, Syphilis complications, Tuberculosis complications, Immunity, Cellular, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes, Strongyloidiasis immunology
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
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24. Pathologic changes of human onchocerciasis: implications for future research.
- Author
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Connor DH, George GH, and Gibson DW
- Subjects
- Dermatitis parasitology, Dermatitis pathology, Elephantiasis parasitology, Elephantiasis pathology, Eosinophils pathology, Genitalia, Male parasitology, Genitalia, Male pathology, Granuloma parasitology, Granuloma pathology, Humans, Lymphadenitis parasitology, Lymphadenitis pathology, Male, Onchocerca growth & development, Onchocerciasis drug therapy, Suramin therapeutic use, Onchocerciasis pathology
- Abstract
Onchocerciasis--infection by Onchocerca volvulus--has four cardinal manifestations: dermatitis, subcutaneous nodules, sclerosing lymphadenitis, and eye disease. The first three are discussed here. The dermatitis begins when microfilariae degenerate in the dermis. This process is accompanied by inflammation, with degranulation of eosinophils and deposition of the major basic protein of the eosinophil granules on the cuticle of the microfilariae. So far as is known, the chronic effects of onchocerciasis are all a consequence of the degeneration of microfilariae. Subcutaneous nodules contain coiled adult worms and have an outer layer of fibrous scar and a central inflammatory cell exudate, which may cavitate. Perfusion of India ink reveals arborization of capillaries around adult worms, which derive nutrition from these networks. Onchocercal lymphadenitis is characterized initially by histiocytic hyperplasia and follicular atrophy and later by fibrosis and obstruction of lymph flow, a condition causing adenolymphocele ("hanging groin") and elephantiasis of the genitalia. Some patients appear to have immune tolerance to degenerating microfilariae, perhaps as a result of exposure in utero to microfilarial antigens in the maternal circulation. In contrast, other patients (Yemenites, for example) have a localized but intense response to a few microfilariae; these patients are hypersensitive--perhaps because they were not exposed to microfilarial antigens in utero. Autopsy data on infection of deep organs are limited.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
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25. Case for diagnosis. AIDS.
- Author
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Macher AM, De Vinatea ML, Parisi JE, Goedert JJ, Weiss SH, Merwin MC, Bagnall JW, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome pathology, Brain pathology, Cryptococcosis pathology, Meninges pathology, Meningitis pathology
- Published
- 1986
26. Mycobacterium ulcerans in Liberia: a clinicopathologic study of 6 patients with Buruli ulcer.
- Author
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Monson MH, Gibson DW, Connor DH, Kappes R, and Hienz HA
- Subjects
- Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Infant, Liberia, Male, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous epidemiology, Skin Ulcer epidemiology, Mycobacterium Infections pathology, Mycobacterium Infections, Nontuberculous pathology, Skin Ulcer pathology
- Abstract
Two patients with Buruli ulcer (infection by Mycobacterium ulcerans) in the Foya region of Liberia have recently been reported. We describe three more patients which together with the two original patients establish the Mayor River basin as an endemic area of Buruli ulcer. We also describe a patient from the St. Paul River basin. This disease, unrecognized in Liberia before 1978, now seems to be widespread in Liberia and has been reported in neighboring Sierra Leone and observed in Ivory Coast as well. The possibility of Buruli ulcer appearing in other regions of West Africa should be anticipated. Diagnosis involves finding acid-fast bacilli in smears of the exudate from typical lesions or by finding in biopsy specimens the characteristic zone of coagulation necrosis containing acid-fast bacilli. The bacillus, Mycobacterium ulcerans, stains readily with the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) and Fite-Faraco (FF) procedures. Treatment is excision when the lesion is small and by debridement and grafting, combined with heat and chemotherapeutic agents when the lesion is large.
- Published
- 1984
27. Experimental infection of Wuchereria bancrofti in the silvered leaf monkey Presbytis cristatus Eschscholtz, 1821.
- Author
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Palmieri JR, Connor DH, Purnomo, Dennis DT, and Marwoto H
- Subjects
- Animals, Lymphatic System parasitology, Microfilariae isolation & purification, Wuchereria bancrofti isolation & purification, Cercopithecidae parasitology, Disease Models, Animal, Filariasis parasitology, Filariasis pathology
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
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28. Case for diagnosis. AIDS.
- Author
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Steigman CK, Pastore L, Park CH, Fox CH, De Vinatea ML, Connor DH, and Macher AM
- Subjects
- Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome diagnosis, Adult, Humans, Male, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome pathology
- Published
- 1987
29. Association of splinters with chromomycosis and phaeomycotic cyst.
- Author
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Connor DH and Gibson DW
- Subjects
- Humans, Phialophora, Chromoblastomycosis etiology, Cysts etiology, Dermatomycoses etiology, Foreign Bodies complications, Skin
- Published
- 1985
30. The ferret (Mustela putorius furo) as an experimental host for Brugia malayi and Brugia pahangi.
- Author
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Crandall RB, McGreevy PB, Connor DH, Crandall CA, Neilson JT, and McCall JW
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibody Formation, Brugia, Eosinophilia parasitology, Filariasis immunology, Immunoglobulin G analysis, Liver parasitology, Liver pathology, Lymphatic System parasitology, Male, Microfilariae, Carnivora parasitology, Ferrets parasitology, Filariasis pathology
- Abstract
Ferrets inoculated subcutaneously with 150--200 infective larvae of Brugia malayi (subperiodic strain) usually developed patent infection during the 3rd month post inoculation. Microfilaremia was transient, and most animals became amicrofilaremic after the 6th month of infection. Ferrets developed a persistent eosinophilia at the time of patency. At necropsy, 5--8 months post infection, adult worms were recovered principally from lymphatic vessels and recovery ranged from 0.5--13% of the inoculated larvae. The inflammatory response of ferrets to microfilariae was characterized by nodules 1--5 mm in diameter in the liver, lungs, spleen, and submucosa of the gastrointestinal tract. The center of these lesions contained a degenerated microfilaria or the cast of a microfilaria embedded in Splendore-Hoeppli substance. The Splendore-Hoeppli substance was surrounded by eosinophils and/or foreign body giant cells. Identical lesions were observed in ferrets experimentally infected with Brugia pahangi. Sera from ferrets infected with B. malayi demonstrated a 3- to 5-fold increase in IgG by the 4th month of infection and these sera produced 2--3 precipitin bands in double gel diffusion assays with an extract of B. malayi microfilarial antigen. Skin tests with B. malayi microfilarial antigen showed that the majority of the infected ferrets had immediate hypersensitivity responses, but none had Arthus or delayed hypersensitivity responses.
- Published
- 1982
- Full Text
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31. Onchocercal lymphadenitis: Clinicopathologic study of 34 patients.
- Author
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Gibson DW and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Africa, Child, Elephantiasis complications, Female, Humans, Lymph Nodes parasitology, Lymph Nodes pathology, Lymphadenitis etiology, Male, Middle Aged, Onchocerciasis complications, Lymphadenitis pathology, Onchocerciasis pathology
- Abstract
Clinicopathological studies on lymph nodes of 32 Africans with onchocerciasis--some complicated by hanging groin and elephantiasis of the genitalia--revealed atrophic lymphoid tissue, lymphoedema, chronic inflammation and fibrosis. We identified microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus in nodes of 24 of 32 Africans (75%). There microfilariae were most numerous in the capsule and in the fibrous tissue of the medulla, but smaller numbers were also found within lymphoid tissue, in dilated lymphatics and in blood vessels. We believe that in Africians, antigens released from microfilariae of O. volvulus lead to the deposition of immune complex in tissues, which in turn causes inflammation and fibrosis and eventually obstructive lymphadenitis. This causes hanging groin and, possibly, also elephantiasis. A distinctive pattern of perivascular fibrosis contains "fibrinoid material" that we interpret as immune complexes involving microfilarial antigens. In contrast, nodes from two Yemenites with severe onchocercal dermatitis of the lower limbs (sowda) had hyperplastic follicles, minimal fibrosis and no microfilariae.
- Published
- 1978
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Histopathological studies on suramin toxicity in a chimpanzee.
- Author
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Gibson DW, Duke BO, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Animals, Female, Intestines pathology, Kidney pathology, Liver pathology, Lymph Nodes pathology, Onchocerciasis drug therapy, Organ Specificity, Pan troglodytes, Spleen pathology, Suramin administration & dosage, Suramin toxicity
- Published
- 1977
33. Pitted keratolysis: a manifestation of human dermatophilosis.
- Author
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Gillum RL, Qadri SM, Al-Ahdal MN, Connor DH, and Strano AJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Skin Diseases, Infectious pathology, United States, Actinomycetales Infections pathology, Foot Dermatoses etiology, Skin Diseases, Infectious etiology
- Abstract
A case of pitted keratolysis caused by Dermatophilus congolensis is reported. The organism was isolated from the lesion and identified by its morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. A survey of the literature revealed that it rarely causes human infections, but is a common causative agent of disease in domesticated and wild animals. Human infections reported previously were traced to contact with infected animals or contaminated soil. We report pitted keratolysis in a 44-year-old physician with no known history of such a contact.
- Published
- 1988
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Autopsy analysis of disease frequency in Kinshasa, Republic of Zaire.
- Author
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Smith JH, Dyck JR, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Child, Child, Preschool, Death, Sudden, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Morbidity, Mortality
- Abstract
Between July 1973 and December 1974, 304 autopsies were done at Hopital Mama Yemo, Kinshasa, Republic of Zaire. The causes of death and sudden death were tabulated and analyzed. The frequency of various diseases and groups of diseases among all the individuals and a large subset of individuals who died traumatically are tabulated and discussed. The present report is the most quantitative, albeit only, current estimate of mortality and prevalence of diseases in Zaire.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Cutaneous protothecosis and chlorellosis, extraordinary "aquatic-borne" algal infections.
- Author
-
Nelson AM, Neafie RC, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Animals, Chlorella, Fresh Water, Humans, Infections etiology, Seawater, Skin Diseases, Infectious veterinary, Prototheca, Skin Diseases, Infectious etiology
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Fatal human ascariasis following secondary massive infection.
- Author
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Baird JK, Mistrey M, Pimsler M, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Ascaris anatomy & histology, Ascaris physiology, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, South Africa, Ascariasis parasitology
- Abstract
More than 796 Ascaris lumbricoides worms weighing 550 g were recovered at autopsy from a 2-year-old black South African girl. Most of the worms were taken from necrotic small intestine, but worms were also in the stomach, esophagus, intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, and gallbladder. The worms had caused torsion and gangrene of the ileum, which was interpreted as the cause of death. Worms were formalin-fixed and individually weighed. There were 796 intact worms and 112 appreciably large (greater than 0.2 g) fragments of worms. Statistical analysis of the weights revealed 2 distinct populations of worms: 16 large worms (0.5-2.3 g) and 778 small worms (0.03-0.95 g). The difference in weight between these 2 groups of worms was significant (male and female worms treated separately; P less than 0.05 to P less than 0.001). These observations reveal that the patient acquired a massive and fatal infection with A. lumbricoides while hosting a relatively burden.
- Published
- 1986
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Onchocercal dermatitis: ultrastructural studies of microfilariae and host tissues, before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (Hetrazan).
- Author
-
Gibson DW, Connor DH, Brown HL, Fuglsang H, Anderson J, Duke BO, and Buck AA
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Middle Aged, Onchocerca ultrastructure, Onchocerciasis drug therapy, Diethylcarbamazine therapeutic use, Filarioidea ultrastructure, Microfilariae ultrastructure, Onchocerciasis pathology, Skin pathology
- Abstract
Specimens of skin from four Cameroon patients with severe onchocercal dermatitis, before and after treatment with diethylcarbamazine (DEC), were studied by light and electron microscopy. Microfilariae of Onchocerca volvulus have ultrastructural features resembling those of microfilariae of other genera. Between the surface layer of the cuticle and the trilaminate membrane, there is an electrolucent zone which is much wider in degenerating microfilariae than in intact microfilariae. Widening of the zone may result from DEC-induced release of component(s) of the cuticle, possibly collagen or mucopolysaccharide. Between the cuticle and dermal collagen there are granular deposits which might be immune complexes involving the collagenous component of cuticle. Others have shown that DEC does not kill microfilariae in vitro. Treatment with DEC presumably "unmasks" microfilariae in the skin so that they are recognized as foreign bodies and are destroyed by the host's defenses. Histiocytes and eosinophils are seen in close proximity to degenerating microfilariae. Enzymes from histiocytes and eosinophils might readily penetrate the cuticle altered by DEC treatment, and digest various components within the microfilariae. Alternatively, the widening of the electrolucent zone might result directly from the action of leucocytic or histiocytic enzymes, after the microfilaria has been killed by other mechanisms.
- Published
- 1976
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Malassezia furfur--disseminated infection in premature infants.
- Author
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Shek YH, Tucker MC, Viciana AL, Manz HJ, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Premature, Diseases etiology, Infant, Premature, Diseases microbiology, Male, Mycoses etiology, Mycoses microbiology, Parenteral Nutrition adverse effects, Fat Emulsions, Intravenous adverse effects, Infant, Premature, Diseases pathology, Malassezia isolation & purification, Mycoses pathology
- Abstract
Three infants, born prematurely, died after clinical illnesses of 67, 65, and 60 days from infection by Malassezia furfur. Each infant had been nourished with lipid emulsions delivered through deep-line catheters. The infections, all discovered at autopsy, were characterized by massive involvement of lungs. Two of the three had endocardial vegetations containing M. furfur; all three had lesions in liver, kidney, and spleen, and two had lesions in adrenal, pancreas, and colon. In addition, one of the infants had acute meningoencephalitis caused by M. furfur. In some of the distant organs, yeast cells of M. furfur were growing in the lumina of small vessels, filling the lumina, but causing no vasculitis or infarction. In addition to these benign collections of yeasts within vessels, there were acute inflammatory lesions as well. These were consolidation, vasculitis, granulomatous inflammation, septic thrombosis, and septic infarction of lung and foci of necrosis and inflammation in kidney and liver. Two previously reported autopsies described neonates with lesions in lung and heart. The authors' three cases for which autopsies were performed had lesions in lung and heart too but, in addition, had dissemination with acute lesions in kidney and liver. Finally, one patient had a severe meningoencephalitis caused by M. furfur.
- Published
- 1989
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Liesegang rings in tissue. How to distinguish Liesegang rings from the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale.
- Author
-
Tuur SM, Nelson AM, Gibson DW, Neafie RC, Johnson FB, Mostofi FK, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Chemical Precipitation, Colloids, Diagnosis, Differential, Electron Probe Microanalysis, Female, Humans, Male, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Middle Aged, Conjunctiva pathology, Enoplida Infections pathology, Eyelids pathology, Kidney pathology, Synovial Membrane pathology
- Abstract
Liesegang rings (LRs) are periodic precipitation zones from supersaturated solutions in colloidal systems. They are formed by a process that involves an interplay of diffusion, nucleation, flocculation or precipitation, and supersaturation. Examples include LRs of calcium carbonate in oölitic limestone (in nature), LRs of silver chromate in gelatin (in vitro), and LRs of glycoprotein in pulmonary corpora amylacea (in vivo). Here we describe LRs in lesions from 29 patients--mostly lesions of the kidney, synovium, conjunctiva, and eyelid. The LRs formed in cysts, or in fibrotic, inflamed, or necrotic tissue. The LRs in this study varied greatly in shape and size, measuring 7-800 microns. Special stains and energy-dispersive radiographic analysis or scanning electron microscopy revealed that some LRs contained calcium, iron (hemosiderin), silicon, and sulfur. Some pathologists have mistaken LRs for eggs, larvae, or adults of the giant kidney worm, Dioctophyma renale. D. renale is a large blood-red nematode that infects a variety of fish-eating mammals, especially mink. Fourteen documented infections of humans have been recorded, usually with adult worms expelled from the urethra. The adult worms are probably the largest helminth to parasitize humans. Eggs of D. renale are constant in size (60-80 microns X 39-47 microns), contain an embryo, and have characteristic sculpturing of the shell. Liesegang rings should not be mistaken for eggs, larvae, or adults of D. renale, or for any other helminth.
- Published
- 1987
40. Progressive disseminated penicilliosis caused by Penicillium marneffei. Report of eight cases and differentiation of the causative organism from Histoplasma capsulatum.
- Author
-
Deng ZL and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Histiocytes microbiology, Histiocytes pathology, Histoplasmosis microbiology, Humans, Intestines microbiology, Liver microbiology, Lung microbiology, Lymph Nodes microbiology, Male, Palatine Tonsil microbiology, Skin microbiology, Mycoses microbiology, Penicillium isolation & purification
- Abstract
Eight patients with fatal penicilliosis caused by Penicillium marneffei are reported. All were natives of southern rural Guangxi, and none had a predisposing illness or evidence of altered immunity. The distinctive features of P. marneffei include proliferation of yeast-like cells within histiocytes, followed by the development of focal necrosis and, eventually, large abscesses. Outside the histiocytes, the fungi elongate, become slightly curved, and form septa. In vitro, P. marneffei produces a red pigment which diffuses into the culture medium. The differentiation between P. marneffei and Histoplasma capsulatum is described, and possible reservoirs for P. marneffei are discussed.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Phaeomycotic cyst. A clinicopathologic study of twenty-five patients.
- Author
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Ziefer A and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Abscess pathology, Adult, Aged, Diagnosis, Differential, Extremities, Female, Humans, Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes pathology, Male, Middle Aged, Muscles pathology, Skin pathology, Cysts pathology, Mycoses pathology, Phialophora
- Abstract
The clinical and pathologic features of 25 cases of phaeomycotic cyst, collected at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology between 1959 and 1978, are described. Phaeomycotic cyst is infection of the deep dermis and subcutaneous tissue by dematiaceous (brown) fungi. Species of Phialophora were most frequently isolated from these lesions. Synonyms for phaeomycotic cyst are--among others--phaeomycosis and phaeosporotrichosis. Phaeohyphomycosis includes phaeomycotic cyst and some other mycoses. The term "phaeo" is derived from the Greek phi alpha iota omicron sigma, meaning grey or black, and refers to the brown color in vivo and in vitro of these fungi. Phialophora species are world-wide saprophytes, common in soil, decaying wood, and vegetation. They have low virulence and low pathogenicity, and are inoculated along with slivers whose retention is probably an important causal factor in establishing infection. Proliferation of the fungi provokes a mixed suppurative and granulomatous reaction which remains localized. Early the characteristic histopathologic picture is one of multiple stellate abscesses. These progress to a single circumscribed lesion with a central cavity filled with pus and surrounded by a fibrous wall. There are no systemic signs or symptoms, regional lymph nodes are not involved, nor has any patient had systemic spread. The infection is rare but tends to be more common in warm climates. No race, sex, or age group is predisposed, but patients with immune deficiency or debilitating disease are at increased risk. In older publications phaeomycotic cysts have been described as variants of chromomycosis, sporotrichosis, and mycetoma. Phaeomycotic cysts, however, do not provoke hyperplasia of the epidermis or ulceration--characteristic features of both chromomycosis and sporotrichosis, nor do phaeomycotic cysts form sinus tracts or contain grains--both typical features of mycetoma. The strictly localized abscess or "cyst" is the characteristic feature of phaeomycotic cysts.
- Published
- 1980
42. Bancroftian filariasis. Wuchereria bancrofti infection in the silvered leaf monkey (Presbytis cristatus).
- Author
-
Palmieri JR, Connor DH, Purnomo, and Marwoto HA
- Subjects
- Animals, Filariasis etiology, Filariasis parasitology, Humans, Wuchereria bancrofti, Cercopithecidae parasitology, Disease Models, Animal, Filariasis pathology
- Published
- 1983
43. Medical consultation via communications satellite.
- Author
-
Riggs RS, Purtilo DT, Connor DH, and Kaiser J
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Brazil, District of Columbia, Humans, Lung diagnostic imaging, Lymphoma, Non-Hodgkin diagnosis, Male, Maryland, Mediastinal Neoplasms diagnosis, Methods, Radio, Radiography, Telephone, Communication, Referral and Consultation, Videotape Recording
- Published
- 1974
44. Clinical and pathologic aspects of onchocerciasis.
- Author
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Gibson DW, Heggie C, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Adult, Africa, Animals, Child, Eye Diseases diagnosis, Eye Diseases parasitology, Female, Humans, Lymph Nodes pathology, Lymphadenitis diagnosis, Lymphadenitis parasitology, Male, Onchocerca cytology, Onchocerca pathogenicity, Onchocerca physiology, Onchocerciasis drug therapy, Onchocerciasis parasitology, Research, Skin pathology, Skin Diseases, Parasitic diagnosis, Skin Diseases, Parasitic parasitology, Onchocerciasis diagnosis
- Published
- 1980
45. Disseminated parasitosis in an immunosuppressed patient. Possibly a mutated sparganum.
- Author
-
Connor DH, Sparks AK, Strano AJ, Neafie RC, and Juvelier B
- Subjects
- Blood Vessels parasitology, Blood Vessels ultrastructure, Cytoplasm ultrastructure, Hodgkin Disease therapy, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mutation, Cestoda, Cestode Infections parasitology, Hodgkin Disease parasitology, Immunosuppression Therapy adverse effects, Sparganum ultrastructure
- Abstract
The autopsy of a man who died of Hodgkin disease revealed that a peculiar metazoan parasite had proliferated and disseminated throughout his body. The parasite could not be identified; however, electron microscopical studies revealed that it had the structure of a flatworm. This, together with its shape and structure, convinced us that the parasite was an aberrant sparganum manifesting uncontrolled proliferation and dissemination.
- Published
- 1976
46. Human Mycobacterium ulcerans infections developing at sites of trauma to skin.
- Author
-
Meyers WM, Shelly WM, Connor DH, and Meyers EK
- Subjects
- Adipose Tissue pathology, Adolescent, Adult, Bites and Stings complications, Blast Injuries complications, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium Infections pathology, Mycobacterium Infections transmission, Skin pathology, Skin Ulcer etiology, Wounds, Gunshot complications, Mycobacterium Infections etiology, Skin Diseases, Infectious etiology, Wound Infection etiology
- Abstract
In Zaire, we studied 180 patients with Mycobacterium ulcerans infections and found 14 with a history of antecedent trauma at the site of the lesion (e.g., gunshot and land mine injuries, penetrating wood splinters, and scorpion stings). Two patients developed lesions following hypodermic injections. We believe that trauma is an important mode of transmitting M. ulcerans infections, or of introducing the etiologic agent into the dermis of subcutaneous tissue from superficially contaminated skin.
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Mycobacterium ulcerans. Infection of two patients in Liberia.
- Author
-
Ziefer A, Connor DH, and Gybson DW
- Subjects
- Child, Humans, Liberia, Male, Skin Ulcer pathology, Mycobacterium Infections epidemiology, Mycobacterium Infections pathology, Skin Ulcer etiology
- Published
- 1981
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Abdominal angiostrongylosis in an African man: case study.
- Author
-
Baird JK, Neafie RC, Lanoie L, and Connor DH
- Subjects
- Abdomen pathology, Adult, Angiostrongylus, Animals, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Humans, Male, Abdomen parasitology, Nematode Infections pathology
- Abstract
A nodule removed from the cecum of a 25-year-old Zairian man contained a degenerated adult nematode. The surrounding tissue contained larvae and eggs in various stages of cleavage. Eggs and larvae were indistinguishable from those of Angiostrongylus costaricensis. These morphological features are described. The diameter and cuticle, and the anatomic location of the adult worm is consistent with A. costaricensis. The tissue reaction was chronic with granulomatous inflammation and numerous eosinophils. This is the first report of abdominal angiostrongylosis of a human in Africa.
- Published
- 1987
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Sowda-type onchocerciasis in Guatemala.
- Author
-
Schwartz DA, Brandling-Bennett AD, Figueroa H, Connor DH, and Gibson DW
- Subjects
- Adult, Biopsy, Dermatitis diagnosis, Dermatitis parasitology, Diagnosis, Differential, Guatemala, Humans, Male, Onchocerciasis diagnosis, Onchocerciasis parasitology, Skin pathology, Dermatitis pathology, Onchocerciasis pathology
- Abstract
The usual pattern of onchocercal dermatitis in Africans and Guatemalans is a generalized and symmetrical dermatitis located on legs, arms and trunk. These patients appear to be anergic, with depressed immune responses and numerous microfilariae in the skin. In contrast, "sowda" is an unusual type of onchocercal dermatitis found in Yemenites and in a minority of African patients. Here the dermatitis is localized and asymmetrical - typically confined to one limb or one region of the body. Patients with sowda appear to be hypergic, with active humoral and cellular immune responses; microfilariae are rare or absent. This study describes two Guatemalan patients with sowda-type dermatitis. The diagnosis in these two patients is based on the asymmetrical papular pruritic dermatitis, rare or absent microfilariae, a positive Mazzotti reaction, and histopathologic changes characteristic of the sowda-type onchocercal dermatitis.
- Published
- 1983
50. Blackfly bites, onchocerciasis and leopard skin.
- Author
-
Connor DH and Palmieri JR
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Male, Skin Pigmentation, Insect Bites and Stings complications, Onchocerciasis complications, Pigmentation Disorders etiology, Simuliidae
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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