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Patients with acute myocardial infarction are at high risk for developing heart failure due to scar development. Although regenerative approaches are evolving, consistent clinical benefits have not yet been reported. Treatment with dutogliptin, a second-generation DPP-4 inhibitor, in co-administration with filgrastim (G-CSF) has been shown to enhance endogenous repair mechanisms in experimental models. The REC-DUT-002 trial was a phase 2, multicenter, double-blind placebo-controlled trial which explored the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of dutogliptin and filgrastim in patients with ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). Patients ( n = 47, 56.1 ± 10.7 years, 29% female) with STEMI, reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (EF ≤ 45%) and successful revascularization following primary PCI were randomized to receive either study treatment or matching placebo. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was performed within 72 h post-PCI and repeated after 3 months. The study was closed out early due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups with respect to serious adverse events (SAE). Predefined mean changes within cMRI-derived functional and structural parameters from baseline to 90 days did not differ between placebo and treatment (left ventricular end-diastolic volume: +13.7 mL vs. +15.7 mL; LV-EF: +5.7% vs. +5.9%). Improvement in cardiac tissue health over time was noted in both groups: full-width at half-maximum late gadolinium enhancement (FWHM LGE) mass (placebo: -12.7 g, treatment: -19.9 g; p = 0.23). Concomitant treatment was well tolerated, and no safety issues were detected. Based on the results, the FDA and EMA have already approved an adequately powered large outcome trial.

Background: Important developments in materials, devices, and techniques have improved outcomes of chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), and resulted in a growing interest in CTO-PCI. The Belgian Working Group on Chronic Total Occlusions ( BWGCTO) working group aims to assess the evolution within the CTO-PCI landscape over the next years. Methods: From May 2016 onwards, patients undergoing CTO-PCI were included in the BWGCTO registry by 15 centres in Belgium and Luxemburg. Baseline, angiographic, and procedural data were collected. Here, we report on the one-year in-hospital outcomes. Results : Over the course of one year, 411 procedures in 388 patients were included with a mean age of 64 ± 11 years. The majority were male (81%). Relatively complex CTOs were treated (Japanese CTO score =2.2 ± 1.2) with a high procedure success rate (82%). Patient- and lesion-wise success rates were 83 and 85%, respectively. Major adverse in-hospital events were acceptably low (3.4%). Antegrade wire escalation technique was applied most frequently (82%). On the other hand, antegrade dissection and re-entry and retrograde strategies were more frequently applied in higher volume centres and successful for lesions with higher complexity. Conclusion: Satisfactory procedural outcomes and a low rate of adverse events were obtained in a complex CTO population, treated by operators with variable experience levels. Antegrade wire escalation was the preferred strategy, regardless of operator volume.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy was diagnosed in a 79-year-old woman. She visited her husband who had been admitted for primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and during her visit she developed acute chest pain. Further investigation revealed transient left ventricular apical ballooning, diagnosed as takotsubo cardiomyopathy. This clinical syndrome is characterized by transient regional left ventricle wall motion abnormalities without significant epicardial coronary stenosis. It is provoked by stressful events. Especially in elderly women presenting with the clinical features of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction, takotsubo cardiomyopathy should be considered as an alternative diagnosis. Regarding the exact aetiology and pathophysiology many questions remain unanswered. With supportive treatment the prognosis is favourable.

Background: The GuardWire distal protection device reduces the incidence of periprocedural complications during percutaneous stenting of diseased saphenous vein grafts. Its mechanism of action is based on the occlusion of the vessel distal to the lesion with an inflated compliant balloon before the intervention, and the aspiration of embolized material after stent implantation. Although no safety issues related to the compliant balloon have been reported in vein graft treatment, concerns related to the potential injury of the balloon on the vessel wall have been raised. We thus evaluated the angiographic outcome of the vein graft segment where the compliant balloon of the GuardWire distal protection device was inflated during percutaneous interventions of diseased vein grafts., Methods: Forty consecutive patients undergoing vein graft stenting, all with successful delivery of the GuardWire system, were enrolled. All patients underwent 6-months follow-up angiography. Quantitative coronary angiographic analysis of the vein graft segment where the balloon was inflated was performed before and after the procedure, as well as at 6-month follow-up., Results: No differences in reference vessel diameter, minimal luminal diameter and diameter stenosis were evident between the three measurements. In particular, the difference between post-procedural and follow-up minimal luminal diameter (namely late loss) was 0.003+/-0.19 mm (95% confidence interval: -0.06-0.06)., Conclusions: This prospective study supports for the first time the "angiographic safety" of low pressure inflations of a compliant balloon in saphenous vein grafts, suggesting the absence of acute and mid-term effects on the vein graft vessel wall.

Twenty-six hydrocarbons were identified in the essential oil of black pepper. Three of these are sesquiterpenes which have not been reported previously as occurring in this oil (beta-cubebene, alpha-guaiene and gamma-cadinene). Some other hydrocarbon constituents mentioned in the literature were absent in our pepper oil.