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Copyright of Colloquium Agrariae is the property of Asociacao Prudentina de Educacao e Cultura (APEC) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A molecular tool was adapted for practical identification of the world's first transgenic event (Embrapa 5.1) in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Based on the technology of RNA interference and on the transformation of plants via the Biobalistic method, a transgenic bean was created with effective resistance to Bean golden mosaic virus, its principal virus. To support the monitoring of this technology, the development of new cultivars, and the process of producing, benefiting, and distributing of seeds and grains, a molecular detection tool based on loop‐mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) was developed. This tool can facilitating diagnosis, making it fast, specific, low‐cost, and easily executed. Based on the gene Ahas (GenBank M88686) of the Embrapa 5.1 event, sets of initiators were planned (forward outer primer–backward outer primer and forward inner primer–backward inner primer) that are characteristic of the LAMP method. These were evaluated for their sensitivity and specificity in detecting their target. The LAMP method allows direct visual interpretation. The Neutral Red (NR) pH indicator was adopted to facilitate molecular diagnosis in moderately well equipped environments, thus reducing the risk of contamination and the need for skilled labor. This agility in diagnosis occurs because several phases commonly used in molecular techniques, such as polymerase chain reaction, can be excluded. The LAMP method, combined with a rapid DNA extraction method (modified NaOH) and the addition of NR, provides technological support for addressing issues of biosafety, traceability, and identification of the Embrapa 5.1 event in beans in the field and in industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume crop for direct human consumption in Brazil. Overall patterns of genetic diversity of common bean in the country are not well understood. Hence, this study sought to integrate morphological and agronomic evaluations with prior molecular diversity data from a geo-referenced collection of Brazilian common bean. Our sample included 279 randomly chosen landrace accessions from the main growing regions of beans in Brazil. Eighteen morphological and three agronomic characters (yield and susceptibility to common bacterial blight and rust diseases) were evaluated in field conditions in Brazil or California. Results show that the sample was diverse morphologically but did not include all the morphological variability described in domesticated common bean outside Brazil. Several accessions showed clear morphological differences in spite of having the same name. The integration of the current morphological and agronomic evaluations with a prior 74-marker diversity assessment of the same landraces improved the identification of five subpopulations identified on the basis of microsatellite diversity. These subpopulations could be distinguished by their morphology, the type and frequency of the market classes they included, and the frequency of susceptibility to diseases. This information will facilitate the management and use of P. vulgaris genetic diversity in Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRS Sublime is a common bean cultivar with carioca grains, high nutritional grain quality, and high yield potential (4667 kg ha-1). It has a normal cycle, upright growth, low loss rates in the mechanical harvest, and is recommended for planting in 19 Brazilian states, in the three main common bean cultivation regions. It is the first cultivar developed in the world with angular leaf spot resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The common bean cultivar with carioca grain type, BRSMG Uai, is recommended for cultivation in Minas Gerais and stands out for its upright plant architecture, which facilitates cultivation and mechanical harvesting. This cultivar has high yield potential and is resistant to the major races of anthracnose that occur in region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRS Ametista is a common bean cultivar with Carioca grain and yields similar to cultivar Pérola, but with larger grain size, resistance to anthracnose and Fusarium wilt. It is recommended for 18 states in all regions of Brazil and can be planted on over 95% of the area used for common bean in the country [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola, recommended for cultivation in Minas Gerais, has the feature of maintaining a light grain color for a longer period than other Carioca grain cultivars. The yield potential is high and the resistance level good to the major anthracnose races in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bean cultivar BRSMG União as a new option of a bean cultivar with jalo grains for the state of Minas Gerais. The cultivar BRSMG União had an average grain yield of 9.8% above the mean of the controls (Jalo EEP 558 and BRS Radiante) and was resistant to powdery-mildew. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BRS Notável is a common bean cultivar with carioca grain, suitable for cultivation in 20 Brazilian states. It is a mediumearly- maturing cultivar, with an average yield of 2,261 kg ha-1, 8.5% higher than the controls, a high yield potential (4,472 kg ha-1), lodging tolerance and resistance to anthracnose, fusarium wilt, common bacterial blight, and curtobacterium wilt [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The search for more productive varieties of beans, with lower production cost and adaptable to most technological conditions has been intensified. The objective of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the stability and adaptability of common bean lines of the carioca group in the final evaluation network in the Central Cerrado of Brazil, in 2005 and 2006. Twelve lines and four cultivars were evaluated in 23 environments. A completely randomized block design was used with three replications, with plots of four rows of four meters. Grain yield data were subjected to analysis of variance, stability and of adaptability by the methodologies of Lin and Binns, Annichiarico and visual assessment, respectively. The most stable and promising lines for recommendation as new cultivars were CNFC 10429, CNFC 10431 and CNFC 10408. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was the environmental stratification of the states of Paraná and Santa Catarina for the evaluation of carioca common bean genotypes. The grain yield was evaluated in 20 trials, in a randomized block design with three replications testing 16 genotypes with carioca grain. The environments were stratified by five methodologies: traditional Lin; mean square of the interaction for paired locations, estimate of the percentage of the complex interaction; estimate of Pearson's correlation, and the Wricke method. Locations identified as uninformative by at least three of the methodologies were excluded. The locations considered uninformative in the respective growing seasons were Roncador (rainy/2003 and dry/2003) and Laranjeiras do Sul (rainy/2004) and no location in the growing season dry/2004. Only Roncador was identified as not very informative in at least two seasons and was therefore eliminated from the evaluation network of Carioca common bean genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mapping population consisted of 94 F2 generation plants derived from a cross between the CNFC 7812 and CNFC 8056 lines, with different protein contents, 24% and 19% respectively. Seven hundred and fifty-two molecular markers were tested among the parents and four individuals from the segregant population. A total of 101 loci were used to develop the genetic map. The polymorphism rate was 8.3% and 23.2% for the microsatellite and RAPD markers, respectively. The sizes of the linkage groups ranged from 6.7 to 139.0 cM , presenting a mean of 49.4 ± 36.8. The map length was 840.7 cM and the mean group length was 45.9 cM. The average distance between the framework loci was 16.1 cM. This map was compared with international reference bean maps and results were discussed. The construction of the genetic map from parents of the same center of origin and the commercial grain type were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]