6 results on '"Demby, Maya N."'
Search Results
2. Estimating the proportion of clinically suspected cholera cases that are true Vibrio cholerae infections: A systematic review and meta-analysis
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Wiens, Kirsten E., Xu, Hanmeng, Zou, Kaiyue, Mwaba, John, Lessler, Justin, Malembaka, Espoir Bwenge, Demby, Maya N., Bwire, Godfrey, Qadri, Firdausi, Lee, Elizabeth C., and Azman, Andrew S.
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Cholera toxin -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Diarrhea -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Infection -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Epidemiology -- Analysis -- Health aspects ,Cholera -- Health aspects -- Analysis ,Biological sciences - Abstract
Background Cholera surveillance relies on clinical diagnosis of acute watery diarrhea. Suspected cholera case definitions have high sensitivity but low specificity, challenging our ability to characterize cholera burden and epidemiology. Our objective was to estimate the proportion of clinically suspected cholera that are true Vibrio cholerae infections and identify factors that explain variation in positivity. Methods and findings We conducted a systematic review of studies that tested [greater than or equal to]10 suspected cholera cases for V. cholerae O1/O139 using culture, PCR, and/or a rapid diagnostic test. We searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar for studies that sampled at least one suspected case between January 1, 2000 and April 19, 2023, to reflect contemporary patterns in V. cholerae positivity. We estimated diagnostic test sensitivity and specificity using a latent class meta-analysis. We estimated V. cholerae positivity using a random-effects meta-analysis, adjusting for test performance. We included 119 studies from 30 countries. V. cholerae positivity was lower in studies with representative sampling and in studies that set minimum ages in suspected case definitions. After adjusting for test performance, on average, 52% (95% credible interval (CrI): 24%, 80%) of suspected cases represented true V. cholerae infections. After adjusting for test performance and study methodology, the odds of a suspected case having a true infection were 5.71 (odds ratio 95% CrI: 1.53, 15.43) times higher when surveillance was initiated in response to an outbreak than in non-outbreak settings. Variation across studies was high, and a limitation of our approach was that we were unable to explain all the heterogeneity with study-level attributes, including diagnostic test used, setting, and case definitions. Conclusions In this study, we found that burden estimates based on suspected cases alone may overestimate the incidence of medically attended cholera by 2-fold. However, accounting for cases missed by traditional clinical surveillance is key to unbiased cholera burden estimates. Given the substantial variability in positivity between settings, extrapolations from suspected to confirmed cases, which is necessary to estimate cholera incidence rates without exhaustive testing, should be based on local data., Author(s): Kirsten E. Wiens 1,2, Hanmeng Xu 1, Kaiyue Zou 1, John Mwaba 3,4,5, Justin Lessler 1,6,7, Espoir Bwenge Malembaka 1,8, Maya N. Demby 1, Godfrey Bwire 9, Firdausi Qadri [...]
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- 2023
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3. Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 2020
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Wiens, Kirsten E., Mawien, Pinyi Nyimol, Rumunu, John, Slater, Damien, Jones, Forrest K., Moheed, Serina, Caflisch, Andrea, Bior, Bior K., Jacob, Iboyi Amanya, Lako, Richard Lino, Guyo, Argata Guracha, Olu, Olushayo Oluseun, Maleghemi, Sylvester, Baguma, Andrew, Hassen, Juma John, Baya, Sheila K., Deng, Lul, Lessler, Justin, Demby, Maya N., Sanchez, Vanessa, Mills, Rachel, Fraser, Clare, Charles, Richelle C., Harris, Jason B., Azman, Andrew S., and Wamala, Joseph F.
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Juba, South Sudan -- Health aspects ,Epidemics -- Statistics -- South Sudan ,Immunoglobulin G -- Statistics -- Health aspects ,Health - Abstract
Globally, >100 million cases and >2.6 million deaths had been attributed to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) as of March 14, 2021 (2). Most cases have been reported in Europe and the [...]
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- 2021
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4. Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 20201.
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Wiens, Kirsten E., Mawien, Pinyi Nyimol, Rumunu, John, Slater, Damien, Jones, Forrest K., Moheed, Serina, Caflisch, Andrea, Bior, Bior K., Jacob, Iboyi Amanya, Lako, Richard Lino, Guyo, Argata Guracha, Olu, Olushayo Oluseun, Maleghemi, Sylvester, Baguma, Andrew, Hassen, Juma John, Baya, Sheila K., Lul Deng, Lessler, Justin, Demby, Maya N., and Sanchez, Vanessa
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COVID-19 ,COVID-19 pandemic ,SARS-CoV-2 ,SEROPREVALENCE ,SERODIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Relatively few coronavirus disease cases and deaths have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, although the extent of its spread remains unclear. During August 10-September 11, 2020, we recruited 2,214 participants for a representative household-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Juba, South Sudan. We found 22.3% of participants had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain IgG titers above prepandemic levels. After accounting for waning antibody levels, age, and sex, we estimated that 38.3% (95% credible interval 31.8%-46.5%) of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. At this rate, for each PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection reported by the Ministry of Health, 103 (95% credible interval 86-126) infections would have been unreported, meaning SARS-CoV-2 has likely spread extensively within Juba. We also found differences in background reactivity in Juba compared with Boston, Massachusetts, USA, where the immunoassay was validated. Our findings underscore the need to validate serologic tests in sub-Saharan Africa populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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5. Seroprevalence of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 IgG in Juba, South Sudan, 20201.
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Wiens, Kirsten E., Mawien, Pinyi Nyimol, Rumunu, John, Slater, Damien, Jones, Forrest K., Moheed, Serina, Caflisch, Andrea, Bior, Bior K., Jacob, Iboyi Amanya, Lako, Richard Lino, Guyo, Argata Guracha, Olu, Olushayo Oluseun, Maleghemi, Sylvester, Baguma, Andrew, Hassen, Juma John, Baya, Sheila K., Lul Deng, Lessler, Justin, Demby, Maya N., and Sanchez, Vanessa
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COVID-19 , *COVID-19 pandemic , *SARS-CoV-2 , *SEROPREVALENCE , *SERODIAGNOSIS - Abstract
Relatively few coronavirus disease cases and deaths have been reported from sub-Saharan Africa, although the extent of its spread remains unclear. During August 10-September 11, 2020, we recruited 2,214 participants for a representative household-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Juba, South Sudan. We found 22.3% of participants had severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) receptor binding domain IgG titers above prepandemic levels. After accounting for waning antibody levels, age, and sex, we estimated that 38.3% (95% credible interval 31.8%-46.5%) of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. At this rate, for each PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection reported by the Ministry of Health, 103 (95% credible interval 86-126) infections would have been unreported, meaning SARS-CoV-2 has likely spread extensively within Juba. We also found differences in background reactivity in Juba compared with Boston, Massachusetts, USA, where the immunoassay was validated. Our findings underscore the need to validate serologic tests in sub-Saharan Africa populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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6. Seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies in Juba, South Sudan: a population-based study.
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Wiens KE, Mawien PN, Rumunu J, Slater D, Jones FK, Moheed S, Caflish A, Bior BK, Jacob IA, Lako RLL, Guyo AG, Olu OO, Maleghemi S, Baguma A, Hassen JJ, Baya SK, Deng L, Lessler J, Demby MN, Sanchez V, Mills R, Fraser C, Charles RC, Harris JB, Azman AS, and Wamala JF
- Abstract
Background: Relatively few COVID-19 cases and deaths have been reported through much of sub-Saharan Africa, including South Sudan, although the extent of SARS-CoV-2 spread remains unclear due to weak surveillance systems and few population-representative serosurveys., Methods: We conducted a representative household-based cross-sectional serosurvey in Juba, South Sudan. We quantified IgG antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein receptor-binding domain and estimated seroprevalence using a Bayesian regression model accounting for test performance., Results: We recruited 2,214 participants from August 10 to September 11, 2020 and 22.3% had anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers above levels in pre-pandemic samples. After accounting for waning antibody levels, age, and sex, we estimated that 38.5% (32.1 - 46.8) of the population had been infected with SARS-CoV-2. For each RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 case, 104 (87-126) infections were unreported. Background antibody reactivity was higher in pre-pandemic samples from Juba compared to Boston, where the serological test was validated. The estimated proportion of the population infected ranged from 30.1% to 60.6% depending on assumptions about test performance and prevalence of clinically severe infections., Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 has spread extensively within Juba. Validation of serological tests in sub-Saharan African populations is critical to improve our ability to use serosurveillance to understand and mitigate transmission.
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- 2021
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