Search

Les taux de déforestation observés en Afrique centrale sont nettement inférieurs à ceux mesurés dans d’autres régions forestières tropicales (e.g., Asie du Sud-Est et Amazonie). En effet, des études récentes basées sur l’imagerie satellitaire indiquent que pour la période allant de 1990–2000, les taux annuels de déforestation en Afrique centrale et plus particulièrement en RDC sont respectivement de 0,21% et 0,25% (Duveiller et al., 2008). Les mêmes auteurs estiment par ailleurs que le taux annuel de dégradation des forêts de la RDC est à 0,12%. En prenant en compte les recrus forestiers, le taux annuel net de déforestation passe alors respectivement de 0,16% pour l’Afrique centrale et de 0,20% pour la RDC (Duveiller et al, 2008). Cela permettrait de s’empirer d’autant plus alarmant que le bassin du Congo abrite la cinquième plus grande diversité de faune et de flore au monde, et que ses forêts constituent un habitat pour plusieurs grands mammifères que l’on ne trouve nulle part ailleurs, notamment l’okapi, le gorille bonobo des plaines orientales et l’éléphant des forêts .

African cities are characterized by urbanization, social and economic problems that very often favor crises in the development of their spaces. The city of Bouake, in the center of Côte d'Ivoire, has been experiencing urban sprawl since 1980. This urban sprawl is the result of shortcomings in urban land governance in Côte d'Ivoire following several land reforms. This study analyzes the successions of urban land reforms poorly suited to population growth and a difficult economic context in Bouake. The results obtained, from documentary research supported by field surveys, have revealed that the sprawl of the city of Bouake, as it appears today, is the result of a long process of land reforms rooted both in the history of the city, land planning and urbanization policies. The analysis of this spread territory from multifactorial analyzes has revealed that Bouake is characterized by a complex space, animated by dynamics of very marked socio-spatial differentiations. Several socio-economic factors and urban policies are very decisive in this phenomenon which continues to marginalize peri-urban households, increasingly subject to constraints of access to infrastructure, concentrated in the town center. This uncontrolled extension therefore leads to reconsider the evolution of the spatial occupation of Bouake. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cahiers d'Études Africaines is the property of Editions EHESS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

One of the classic operations problems in forest management is the layout of a harvesting system. This paper addresses the design of a harvesting system in areas characterized by steep slopes requiring cable-based harvesting. Layout optimization often involves numerous potential cable alignments and a small number of potential landings. In this paper we develop a model that addresses steep slope conditions found in central Europe that involve a large number of potential landings and cable alignments. In addition we extend existing work by considering variable-length alternatives for each feasible cable alignment. We construct three models, one for single-length cable options and two for variable-length alternatives and test their efficacy in solving 18 different harvesting area problems. We show that one of the variable-length alternative models can be solved in computer times that are competitive with the single-length option model. Overall, the savings that can be attributed to variable-length options are modest, but the alignments found by the variable-length options models are more realistic from forest engineers' points of view, which will aid in its use and adoption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The chr is publishing the papers presented at the Sir John A. Macdonald Prize roundtable, which takes place during the Canadian Historical Association's annual congress. This is the most prestigious prize awarded each year by the Association for the best scholarly book in Canadian history. The roundtable provides the opportunity for historians in the field to discuss the winning study's contribution from multiple perspectives. The 2010 winner was Béatrice Craig's Backwoods Consumers and Homespun Capitalists: The Rise of Market Culture in Eastern Canada, published by the University of Toronto Press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Forestry Chronicle is the property of Canadian Institute of Forestry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The opening or removal of forest canopies during harvesting or land clearing results in a predictable sequence of responses, the descriptions of which appear remarkably similar around the world. Such activities are now widely acknowledged to have adverse impacts upon water quality and in-stream ecology. Sediment delivery, therefore, encapsulates the dominant process by which water resources are impacted and the process that can be best managed to limit off-site impacts. This paper is a review of current processes, and perceptions, of sediment delivery in managed forests. We outline the major components of sediment and runoff delivery as they relate specifically to timber harvesting activities. Whilst much existing research has focused upon soil loss as the major component of timber harvesting impacts, this review highlights both the need for, and benefits from, a conceptual advance in our thinking of sediment delivery. We advocate that by managing runoff delivery pathways and the resultant pattern of hydrological connectivity, we can limit the potential adverse effects of forest harvesting on in-stream water quality. Specific attention is given here to the interaction of the forest road and track network with both sediment and runoff delivery. The result is a comprehensive account of how best to manage timber harvesting for both on-site sustainability and off-site water resource protection.Key words: timber harvesting, sediment delivery, road network, connectivity, best management practices (BMPs). L'ouverture ou l'enlèvement de la canopée, au cours des récoltes ou du défrichement, conduisent à une séquence prévisible de réactions, dont la description semble remarquablement comparable partout au monde. On reconnaît maintenant que de telles activités ont des impacts négatifs sur la qualité de l'eau et l'écologie des cours d'eau. Conséquemment, la déposition des sédiments englobe le processus dominant par lequel les ressources en eau sont affectées et le procédé qui peut le mieux être aménagé, pour limiter les impacts au-delà du site. Les auteurs revoient les processus courants, ainsi que les perceptions, de la déposition des sédiments provenant des forêts aménagées. Ils considèrent les composantes majeures des sédiments et la déposition par les eaux de surface, dans leurs relations spécifiques avec les activités d'exploitation forestière. Bien que les recherches conduites jusqu'ici aient mis l'accent sur la perte de sol, comme la composante majeure des impacts de l'exploitation, cette revue souligne à la fois les besoins et les bénéfices qui peuvent générer un progrès conceptuel, dans notre réflexion sur le dépôt des sédiments. Les auteurs proposent qu'en aménageant les sentiers de flux des sédiments ainsi que le patron de connectivité hydraulique qui s'en suit, on pourrait limiter les effets négatifs potentiels de la récolte forestière, sur la qualité des cours d'eau. On accorde une attention spéciale à l'interaction des chemins forestiers et du réseau de pistes, avec à la fois le flux et le dépôt des sédiments. Ceci conduit à une perception intégrée permettant de mieux aménager la récolte forestière, à la fois pour la durabilité du site, et la protection des ressources en eau, en aval. Mots clés : exploitation forestière, dépôt des sédiments, réseau routier, connectivité, pratiques optimales d'aménagement (BMPs).[Traduit par la Rédaction] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Anthropologie et Sociétés is the property of Anthropologie et Societies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Goodall B. and Whittow J. B. (1980) The selection of scenic forest drives, Reg. Studies 14, 85–97. Leisure motoring involves a particular style of driving which can best be catered for by the development of scenic drives. However, scenic drives provided to date in Great Britain appear to have been selected largely on intuitive grounds. This paper, therefore, develops a methodology for measuring and comparing the availability of views from a road network and illustrates its application to the selection of a scenic drive from a forest road network. The relative importance of terrain and forest features in constraining views from forest roads can be established and, on the basis of assumed forest management practices, it can be shown how view availability dependent upon forest features changes through time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]