Search

In this study, we conducted successful experiments on ethylenediamine sulfate (EDS), an organic compound, to investigate its enantioselectivity in chiral crystallization. We employed optical trapping with circularly polarized laser beams, using a continuous wave laser at 1064 nm. By focusing the laser at the air–solution interface of a heavy water-saturated EDS solution, the formation of sub-micrometer-sized chiral EDS crystals was verified. Two generated enantiomorphs (d-crystal and l-crystal) were identified by the rotating analyzer method. The enantioselectivity in the chiral crystallization of EDS was assessed through 30 to 60 times experiments conducted under various conditions of laser powers and polarization modes, utilizing the count of generated crystals for each enantiomorph in the evaluation. Circularly polarized lasers at a specific power created an imbalance in the generation probability of the enantiomorphs, resulting in crystal enantiomeric excess values of 23% and −30%. The enantioselectivity mechanism was explored from two perspectives: refractive index differences of two enantiomorphs and 3D helical optical forces. Study of the thermodynamic mechanism was insufficient to explain the outcomes. Conversely, the 3D helical optical force mechanism revealed that the forces acting on EDS clusters in solution induced helical fluid motion, driving EDS nucleation, with the helicity of fluid motion determining the crystal's chirality. This approach will present new insights into chirality in industrial and research fields, with potential applications in regard to improving optical resolution and addressing the origin of homochirality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk is a major dietary source of calcium; thus, accurate and precise quantification of calcium in milk and other dairy products is necessary for quality control. Conventional instrumental methods are sensitive and accurate but require expensive instrumentation, sample pretreatment, skilled personnel, and a long detection time. Herein, a microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) was developed to quantify calcium ions (Ca2+) in milk using a smartphone as a detector. The method utilized a complexometric reaction between Ca2+ and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid with murexide as an indicator. The response was the average color intensity at the detection zones measured using the Color Picker application. The proposed µPAD exhibited a good linear detection range (1 to 10 mM), a low detection limit of 0.42 mM, and a short analysis time of 2 min. The determination of Ca2+ in milk samples using the proposed µPAD was consistent with a potentiometric method. The proposed µPAD demonstrates many advantages, including rapid detection, acceptable accuracy, low cost, low sample volume, and suitability for on-site quantification of Ca2+ in real samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Shipin Kexue/ Food Science is the property of Food Science Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the use of propylene oxide-modified ethylenediamine (PPO-EDA) as a novel crosslinker and chain extender in polyurethane (PU) adhesives. PPO-EDA was synthesized and compared with N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine (DMEDA) to assess its impact on mechanical properties and adhesion performance. Key parameters such as NCO conversion, tensile strength, and lap shear strength were thoroughly evaluated. The results demonstrated that incorporating PPO-EDA significantly improved NCO conversion and crosslink density, leading to notable enhancements in tensile strength and elastic modulus compared to DMEDA. Lap shear tests further revealed superior adhesion performance in PPO-EDA-modified PU adhesives, particularly on amine silane-treated steel substrates, where lap shear strength consistently outperformed other samples. This improved performance was attributed to PPO-EDA's dual role as a chain extender and crosslinker, which strengthened the adhesive's structural integrity. This study underscores the effectiveness of PPO-EDA as a modifier for enhancing both mechanical and adhesive properties in PU-based adhesives, offering a promising solution for optimizing high-performance adhesives in automotive and industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymersomes are polymeric vesicles composed of amphiphilic block copolymers with a hydrophilic inner lumen and a hydrophobic membrane, capable of encapsulating both hydrophilic payloads, and hydrophobic payloads. The one‐pot synthesis and self‐assembly of polyethylene‐glycol‐based amphiphilic polythiourethanes consisting of a pendant methyl or aromatic ester are reported here. During the ring opening of cyclodithiocarbonate using ethylene diamine or hexyl diamine, generated thiols are utilized to modify the backbone with methyl, benzyl, and diphenyl esters. The aromatic pendant containing P3 and P4 has higher hydrophobic dye loading than the other methyl ester containing polymers P1 and P2. All the polymers have hydrodynamic diameters in the range of 40–98 nm. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that all the polymers are able to form spherical aggregates with diameters of 38.1 ± 7.7 and 85.1 ± 27.4 nm. Among them, aromatic side‐chain‐containing polymers have 42% and 57% calcein encapsulation efficiency, whereas methyl‐ester‐containing polymers have 70% and 60% efficiency. The polymers with longer spacers (P2–P4) and aromatic groups (P3 and P4) have shown better stability and slow dye exchange over 48 h compared to the polymer with an aliphatic side chain and a shorter spacer probed by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyurethanes (PUs) are widely utilized in various industries due to their versatile properties. Traditionally, these polymers are synthesized using petrochemical-based polyols, which pose environmental concerns. To address this issue, there is a growing trend towards the use of bioresources in polymer manufacturing. This study explores the synthesis of a Schiff base diol derived from ethylene diamine (EDA) and vanillin, which can be obtained by depolymerization of lignin. Additionally, a soybean oil-based polyol (SOP) was employed as a sustainable alternative to traditional petroleum-based polyols. The synthesized Schiff base diol and SOP were used to prepare PU films, incorporating both aromatic and aliphatic diisocyanates which are methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), respectively. The primary objective was to investigate the impact of the aromatic and aliphatic nature of the isocyanates on the properties of the resultant PU films. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of the PU films were evaluated and compared. The results demonstrate that the bio-based PU films exhibit good thermal stability. However, contrary to expectations, the mechanical strength decreased with an increasing amount of Schiff base diol, while the elongation percentage increased. A flammability test was also performed to assess flame retardancy, and an unexpected trend was observed in HDI-containing PU films, which is discussed in detail in the manuscript. The study highlights the potential of using bioresources, such as vanillin and soybean oil, to produce sustainable and thermally stable PUs, paving the way for more environmentally friendly applications in the polymeric industry and beyond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O‐phenylenediamine (OPD) is commonly used as a precursor in the preparation of red emissive carbon quantum dots (R‐CQDs) due to the sp2 hybridized structure. However, the low fluorescence quantum yield (QY) of the OPD‐based R‐CQDs limits its application. Although some efforts have been made, the improvement of QY is still limited. In this paper, a strategy is proposed to improve the QY of OPD‐based R‐CQDs by introducing ethylenediamine (EDA), which plays a key role as a nitrogen (N) dopant due to its high N content. The molar ratio of OPD to EDA (MOPD/MEDA), the reaction time (t) and temperature (T), and the amount of concentrated H2SO4 (VH2SO4), are optimized. The R‐CQDs with QY as high as 32.65% and full width at half maximum (FWHM) emission as narrow as 25 nm are obtained via a hydrothermal procedure under the optimal experimental conditions (i.e., MOPD/MEDA = 1/3, t = 6 h, T = 180 °C and VH2SO4 = 4 mL). Such a QY is higher than most of the reported OPD‐based R‐CQDs. Besides, it is found that concentrated H2SO4 acts as the catalyst in addition to protonation. The enhancement of QY is attributed to the increase of the aromatic N‐containing heterocyclic structures (C═N) after the introduction of EDA and catalysis by H2SO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In p–i–n perovskite solar cells (PSCs), fullerene derivatives are predominantly used as an electron transport material (ETM) despite their disadvantages, such as parasitic absorption in the short wavelength range and high cost. State‐of‐the‐art n‐i‐p PSCs are fabricated using SnO2 as the ETM due to their high charge transfer ability, transparency, and low cost. However, in p–i–n PSCs, dispersing SnO2 nanoparticles in a solvent that does not damage the perovskite and forming a uniform layer is challenging. Herein, a strategy of directly depositing SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) on perovskite using ethylenediamine (EDA) for high‐performance applications is reported, which involves a SnO2 QD solution designed with a damage‐free cosolvent. Treating the SnO2 QD layer with the EDA strategy creates a conformal SnO2 QD layer and improves charge transport. This strategy achieves a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 18.9% in PSCs with a 1.77 eV bandgap, which is the highest PCE reported for wide bandgap p–i–n PSCs using an inorganic ETM. The top SnO2 layer enables ITO deposition without sputtering damage and achieves a bifacial factor of 99% due to the high transmittance of SnO2 QD. The resulting four‐terminal all‐perovskite tandem exhibited a PCE of 27.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rapid transport kinetics of divalent magnesium ions are crucial for achieving distinguished performance in aqueous magnesium‐ion battery‐based energy storage capacitors. However, the strong electrostatic interaction between Mg2+ with double charges and the host material significantly restricts Mg2+ diffusivity. In this study, a new composite material, EDA‐Mn2O3, with double‐energy storage mechanisms comprising an organic phase (ethylenediamine, EDA) and an inorganic phase (manganese sesquioxide) was successfully synthesized via an organic–inorganic coupling strategy. Inorganic‐phase Mn2O3 serves as a scaffold structure, enabling the stable and reversible intercalation/deintercalation of magnesium ions. The organic phase EDA adsorbed onto the surface of Mn2O3 as an elastic matrix, works synergistically with Mn2O3, and utilizes bidentate chelating ligands to capture Mg2+. The robust coordination effect of terminal biprotonic amine in EDA enhances the structural diversity and specific capacity characteristics of the composite material, as further corroborated by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, ex situ XRD, XPS, and Raman spectroscopy. As expected, the EDA‐Mn2O3 composite achieved an outstanding specific discharge capacity of 188.97 mAh/g at 0.1 A/g. Additionally, an aqueous magnesium ion capacitor with EDA‐Mn2O3 serving as the cathode can reach 110.17 Wh/kg, which stands out among the aqueous magnesium ion capacitors that have been reported thus far. The abundant reversible redox sites are ensured by the strategic design concept based on the synergistic structure and composition advantages of organic and inorganic phases. This study aimed to explore the practical application value of organic‐inorganic composite electrodes with double‐energy storage mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the effect of aminating waste newsprint paper with different aminating agents (ammonia/ammonia water, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine) for the sorption efficiency of Reactive Black 5 (RB5) and Reactive Yellow 84 (RY84) dyes. To increase the amination efficiency, the paper material was pre-activated with epichlorohydrin. The scope of this study included the characterization of the sorbents tested (FTIR, elemental analysis, BET surface area, porosity, and pHPZC), determination of the influence of pH on dye sorption efficiency, sorption kinetics, and the maximum sorption capacity of the dyes. The study results showed that amination with ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine introduced 87% and 194% more amine groups into the sorbent's structure compared to the treatment with ammonia. The sorption efficiency of RB5 and RY84 on the sorbents tested was the highest in the pH range of 2–3. The sorption equilibrium time ranged from 90 to 150 min and was longer in the case of the unmodified sorbents. The experimental data from the study were best described by the pseudo-second-order model and the Langmuir 1 and 2 models. Amination had a very strong effect on the sorption capacity of newsprint. For example, the sorption capacity of newsprint paper towards RB5 (Qmax = 7.12 mg/g) increased after amination with ammonia, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine to the value of Qmax = 182.78 mg/g, Qmax = 202.7 mg/g, and Qmax = 231.5 mg/g, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient green synthesis of structurally diverse azole heterocycles by treating ketene diethyl dithioacetals with various binucleophiles has been achieved. Deep eutectic solvent (DES) has been used as a reaction medium, and the optimized conditions and recyclability of the DES have been investigated. The title heterocyclic compounds, namely imidazolidines, 1,3-oxazolidines, and 1,3-thiazolidines, could be generated from easily accessible ketene dithioacetals by reacting with ethylene diamine, ethanolamine, and cysteamine, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Characterizing complicated solution phase systems in situ requires advanced modeling techniques to capture the intricate balances between the many chemical species. Due to the error inherent in any scientific measurement, a spectrophotometric titration experiment with nickel(II) and ethylenediamine (en) was repeated six times using an autotitrator to test the replicability of the data and the consistency of the resulting thermodynamic model. All six datasets could be modeled very tightly (R2 > 99.9999%) with the following eight complexes: [Ni]2+, [Ni2en]4+, [Nien]2+, [Ni2en3]4+, [Nien2]2+, [Ni2en5]4+, [Nien3]2+, and [Nien6]2+. The logK values for the stepwise associative reactions agree with existing literature values for the majority species ([Nienn = 1–3]2+) and matched expectations for the minority species; 95% confidence intervals for each logK value were determined via bootstrapping, which quantifies the variability in the binding constant value that is supported by a given dataset. The repeated experiments, which could not be successfully concatenated together, demonstrate that replication is crucial to capturing all the variability in the logK values. Conversely, bootstrapped confidence intervals across multiple experiments can be readily combined to generate an appropriate range for an experimentally determined binding constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple approach was developed to efficiently graft diethylene triamine onto polystyrene waste using succinic anhydride as a tracer to remove nitrate anions from aqueous solutions. Infrared spectroscopic data showed characteristic signs at 3395 cm−1 and 1695 cm−1 corresponding to N-H and C=O (ester and amide), confirming the grafting of DETA onto PS. The zeta potential study showed that the PS-Succ-DETA adsorbent had a pHiep of 8.2, and its charge was positive when the pH was lower than the pHiep. Parameters affecting nitrate adsorption, such as dosage, initial concentration, pH, and contact time, were studied. The adsorption data corresponded well to the Langmuir isotherm with an R2 correlation coefficient of 0.998, and the adsorption capacity was found to be 195.65 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics of NO3− ions by PS-Succ-DETA corresponded perfectly to the PS-II model, with an R2 coefficient of 0.999. The negative value of ΔG (−10.02 kJ/mol), ΔH (−18.76 kJ/mol), and ΔS (−28.83 J/K/mol) indicates that NO3- adsorption is spontaneous exothermic and suggests a decrease in randomness at the solid-liquid interface during the adsorption. The mechanism of adsorption of nitrate ions onto PS-Succ-DETA occurs via electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonds between the NO3− ions and the -NH2 and NH functions of PS-Succ-DETA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study reports a successful cation-selective electrode based on CoNiFe2O4 magnetic nanocomposite to determine the Ce3+ ion. The results revealed this new nanocomposite can be applied as an excellent modifier in lieu of common organic modifiers that are used in the construction of ion-selective electrodes. The replacement of nanocomposite can significantly boost the performance of the electrode compared with organic modifiers. Under optimal conditions, the sensor exhibited a Nernstian slope of roughly 17.5 mV per decade in the linear range of 1.0 × 10−8–1.0 × 10−1 mol/L. Also, the detection limit was 7.0 × 10−9 mol/L. This electrochemical sensor showed a stable potential in 5 s. The optimum pH for electrode operation is in the range of 2–10. Among various interferences ions, this electrochemical sensor manifested high selectivity toward Ce3+ cation. The obtained results in analytical applications demonstrated the excellent ability of this electrode to determine Ce3+ cation via titration with ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. Moreover, this indicator electrode was used for the measurement of Ce3+ cations in various samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ethylene Diamine Tetra-acetic Acid (EDTA) titration test is widely used for determining cement content, but its reliability is influenced by the hydration process of cement, which is affected by factors such as water content and hydration time. Despite their importance, these factors have received limited attention in existing research. This study explores the relationships between the volume of titrant required for stabilization, cement content, water content, and hydration time. Using a regression orthogonal test, the primary and secondary relationships, as well as the interdependencies among these factors, are analyzed. Results reveal a negative linear relationship between the titrant volume and both water content and hydration time. Cement content, water content, and hydration time are identified as the most significant factors, with minimal interdependencies observed. Within the test parameters, calculated values exhibit an error margin below 2.4%. Deviations of 2.9% in water content and 86 min in hydration time correspond to an approximate 0.5% change in cement content. These findings offer valuable insights for optimizing cement content detection in Controlled Low-Strength Material (CLSM) mixes, promoting more sustainable construction practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With cellulose as the precursor and ethylenediamine as the N source, N-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) were synthesized by a simple and feasible one-pot hydrothermal method. The whole process did noSchemet need a strong acid or strong base and avoided interference from inorganic salt residues. The whole process lasted only 3 h and avoided any complex postprocessing. Because of the outstanding optical properties of N-GQDs, a high-efficiency 6-mercaptopurine fluorescent probe based on the inner filter effect of fluorescence was established. The detection range was 0.2–60 μM and the detection limit was 0.05 μM. This method can preliminarily detect 6-mercaptopurine in human urine and avoids any sample preparation or extraction in advance and brings satisfactory results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Naproxen (NAP) is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that belongs to the arylpropionic acid class. Classified as a Biopharmaceutical Classification System (BCS) class II drug, NAP exhibits low water solubility, thus resulting in restricted oral bioavailability. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmaceutical salts in enhancing the solubility and oral bioavailability of NAP. Two novel NAP salts, specifically naproxen-ethylenediamine (NAP-EDA) and naproxen-trometamol (NAP-TRIS), were synthesized using a 2:1 and 1:1 stoichiometric ratio, respectively. The NAP-EDA and NAP-TRIS powders were thoroughly characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SXRD), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), providing a comprehensive understanding of their structural and thermal properties. Additionally, the solubilities and dissolution rates of NAP-EDA and NAP-TRIS salts were assessed in water and a pH 6.86 phosphate buffer. Notably, the solubility of NAP-TRIS salt increased markedly, by 397.5-fold in water and 6.2-fold at pH 6.86. Furthermore, in vivo pharmacokinetic studies in rats revealed that NAP-TRIS salt displayed faster absorption and higher peak blood concentrations compared to NAP. These results indicate that the NAP-TRIS salt effectively enhanced the solubility and oral bioavailability of naproxen. In conclusion, this study underscores the potential of pharmaceutical salts, particularly NAP-TRIS, in improving the solubility and oral bioavailability of drugs with low aqueous solubility, presenting a promising avenue for advancing drug delivery and therapeutic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iraqi Journal of Chemical & Petroleum Engineering is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

NO2 is a toxic gas that can damage the lungs with prolonged exposure and contribute to health conditions, such as asthma in children. Detecting NO2 is therefore crucial for maintaining a healthy environment. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for NO2 gas sensors due to their excellent electronic properties and high adsorption energy for NO2 molecules. However, conventional CNT-based sensors face challenges, including low responses at room temperature (RT) and slow recovery times. This study introduces a memristor-based NO2 gas sensor comprising CNT/ZnO/ITO decorated with an N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl] ethylene diamine (en-APTAS) membrane to enhance room-temperature-sensing performance. The amine groups in the en-APTAS membrane increase adsorption sites and boost charge transfer interactions between NO2 and the CNT surface. This modification improves the sensor's response by 60% at 20 ppm compared to the undecorated counterpart. However, the high adsorption energy of NO2 slows the recovery process. To overcome this, a pulse-recovery method was implemented, applying a −2.5 V pulse with a 1 ms width, enabling the sensor to return to its baseline within 1 ms. These findings highlight the effectiveness of en-APTAS decoration and pulse-recovery techniques in improving the sensitivity, response, and recovery of CNT-based gas sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work describes the synthesis of WO3–BiVO4-nanoflakes heterostructure (NFHs) by a single step hydrothermal method. The analysis of crystalline phases and structural behavior deduced the formation of good crystal quality WO3–BiVO4 NFHs. Under microscopic observation, the as-prepared WO3–BiVO4 displayed uniform and conspicuous nanoflakes like structures. The extensive density functional theory was studied to examine the electronic and band structures of as-prepared WO3–BiVO4 NFHs in terms of formation energy, charge density, density of state and band structures. The synthesized WO3–BiVO4 NFHs was used as sensing electrode towards the detection of ethylenediamine (EDA) chemical that displayed a good sensitivity of ∼318.52 mA·mM−1cm−2, excellent dynamic range of 1 μ M–1 mM with detection limit of ∼94.51 nM and retention coefficient of ∼0.9929. WO3–BiVO4 NFHs electrode possessed the good reproducibility, stability, and repeatability towards EDA chemical. To the best of our knowledge, for the first time, the fabricated chemical sensor fabricated with WO3–BiVO4 NFHs electrode could be promising electrode materials to identify dangerous chemicals at very low concentration in environment. Importantly, the fabricated chemical sensor can be effective for environmental monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deficiency of iron (Fe) in direct seeded aerobic rice (DSR) is a severe issue resulting in improper growth and low yield due to poor crop establishment. The Fe seed priming has potential to ensure enhanced growth and optimal Fe concentration in aerobic rice. Hence, field experiments were conducted in sandy loam and sandy clay loam soils with eight treatments i.e. T1-Control, T2-foliar application of ferrous sulfate (FeSO4.7 h2O-1.0%), T3-seed priming (FeSO4.7 h2O-0.5%Fe), T4-seed priming (FeSO4.7 h2O-1.0%Fe), T5-seed priming with ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid chelated iron (Fe-EDTA-0.25% Fe), T6-seed priming (EDTA-0.5% Fe), T7-seed priming with iron oxide nanoparticles (FeO NPs-0.025%Fe) and T8-seed priming (FeO NPs-0.05%Fe). The Fe seed priming resulted in considerable improvement in rice growth with maximum grain and straw yield of 6.23 and 11.9 t ha−1 in treatment T4, respectively. However, the treatment T6 showed significant increase in Fe concentration in paddy grain and straw over control. Similarly, higher Fe content in paddy foliage at 35and 70 days after sowing was observed in treatment T6.The percent increase in grain and straw yield of DSR was more in sandy loam soil than sandy clay loam soils. The Fe content in grain, straw and paddy foliage was higher in sandy clay loam soils than sandy loam soils. The sandy loam soil was more responsive than sandy clay loam soils. Thus, present study concluded that Fe seed priming with FeSO4.7 h2O (1.0%) is best forproper growth, adequate Fe content during growth stages and also to reduce the Fe deficiency in DSR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the modification of graphene oxide (GO) with ethylenediamine (EDA) to enhance its interlayer spacing to 1.04 nm and increase water flux to 879.2 L m−2 h−1. Subsequently, gallic acid (GA) was employed for secondary modification of the ethylenediamine-modified graphene oxide (EGO). Cellulose acetate (CA) served as the substrate for membrane fabrication, with the GA–EGO membrane prepared via a vacuum filtration method. The fundamental properties of the GA–EGO membrane were characterized using various analytical techniques, including water contact angle measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicated that the optimal concentration of GA in the GA–EGO membrane was 1 mg. Under these conditions, significant alterations to the membrane surface were observed, achieving a water contact angle of 0°, which corresponds to a superhydrophilic state. The GA–EGO membrane demonstrated an increased water flux of 1058.2 L m−2 h−1 and exhibited excellent emulsion separation capabilities, achieving a separation efficiency of 95.3% for coal–oil emulsions. Notably, after ten cycles of use, the GA–EGO membrane retained its operational efficiency. Furthermore, it maintained a separation efficiency exceeding 90% for emulsions derived from various oils, underscoring its promising potential for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a huge potential in developing robust, highly stable, and covalently crosslinked ceramics-decorated membranes that can be efficiently used for the treatment of oil-contaminated water. Hence, the current work was focused on developing a photo-active strontium titanate (SrTiO 3) perovskite ceramics decorated highly stable membrane with photocatalytic self-cleaning, superoleophobic underwater and superhydrophilic in air features. The SrTiO 3 perovskite structured ceramics were decorated in the active layer of the membranes through interfacial polymerization on a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) ultrafiltrationsupport. For the sake of photoactive SrTiO 3 ceramics nanoparticles to take part in the interfacial polymerization, the SrTiO 3 ceramics nanoparticles were functionalized with amino silane using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane yielding amino-functionalize-SrTiO 3 (F-SrTiO 3). Ethylenediamine (EDA) was used as an additional amine for ensuring the suitable cross-linking of the polyamide (PA) network where isophthaloyl chloride (IPC) was used as a crosslinker. The resultant F-SrTiO 3 /PA@PVDF membrane was thoroughly investigated through several membrane characterization techniques confirming the existence of all the components in the membrane structure. When applied for separating the emulsified and surfactant stabilized oil from water, the F-SrTiO 3 /PA@PVDF membrane showed excellent separation efficiency reaching >99 % for an emulsion of 200 ppm with a permeance of 56 L m−2 h−1 bar−1. Moreover, the membrane showed an underwater superoleophobic (θ O, W = 159.9°) nature owing to the presence of amide linkages and superhydrophilic F-SrTiO 3 nanoparticles. These features lowered the evidence of membrane fouling and the photocatalytic self-cleaning potential of F-SrTiO 3 resulted in removing the foulants from the membrane surface with a flux recovery of 95 % while keeping the separation efficiency intact. Hence, the current approach of covalently incorporating the photocatalytic, superhydrophilic F-SrTiO 3 in the membrane active layer proved to be robust and can be readily scaled up and applied in real-life filtration conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Black carbon (BC) generated from vehicle engine exhaust is a global environmental concern and a freely available carbon source. Herein, onion-like nanocarbon (ONC) isolated from diesel soot (DS) has been surface-functionalized with a small amine named ethylenediamine (en). The amine-functionalized ONC designated as f-en-ONC shows maximum emission at 430 nm under excitation at 350 nm. The aqueous solution of f-en-ONC emits a blue color on UV-light illumination and displays a quantum yield of ∼18%. Among the different tested biomolecules, f-en-ONC selectively detects glutamic acid (GLA) through fluorescence-based quenching. The limit of detection for GLA was found to be ∼ 17.3 μM. Based on spectral overlap studies, UV-visible spectra, and the Stern–Volmer plot, the dynamic quenching mechanism was suggested for the fluorescence-based sensing of GLA. Further, the water-soluble f-en-ONC was used as a bioimaging probe for cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium salt of 1,3‐bis(5‐tetrazolyl)triazene (NaH2BTT ⋅ 4H2O) was obtained through diazo‐couple reaction with 5‐aminotetrazole as starting reactants, and a family of energetic ionic crystals of the 1,3‐bis(5‐tetrazolyl)triazene anions HnBTT(3−n)− with different cations were investigated, including protonated amines (ethanediamine, hydrazinium, aminoguanidine, methylhydrazinium) and Y(H2O)83+. The structures and physicochemical properties of these compounds were characterized by IR, Raman, X‐ray diffraction (XRPD) and TG‐DSC. Ethanediamine salt is the best thermal stable, while hydrazinium salt possesses a highest nitrogen rich value of 79.76 %. Both of them show a rapid collapse of the BTT main frame, and almost all of the dissociation products are released in the form of gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new organo-inorganic hybrids, (C2N2H10)[Cu(H2O)4](BeF4)2 (1) and (C2N2H10)[Cu(H2O)4](SeO4)2 (2), were prepared via the interaction of ethylenediamine, copper fluoroberyllate or selenate, and H2[BeF4]/H2SeO4 in aqueous solutions. The structures of 1 and 2 are similar to each other and the previously reported (C2N2H10)[Cu(H2O)4](SO4)2: monoclinic, P21/c, a = 5.1044(2) Å, b = 11.6171(4) Å, c = 10.1178(3) Å, and β = 94.431(3)° for 1; and a = 5.25020(10), b = 11.7500(2), c = 10.4434(2), and β = 94.5464(17)° for 2. All structures contain a square planar [Cu(H2O)4]2+ species, which coordinates, at rather long distances, two TX42− tetrahedral dianions in κ1 mode, forming relatively weak [Cu(H2O)4(TX4)2]2− complexes. These are linked together via hydrogen bonding into pseudo-chains; the ethylenediammonium cations link them into a 3D architecture. Compound 1 is, to the best of our knowledge, the first—though expected—representative of a hybrid organo-inorganic fluoroberyllate. The crystal chemical relations within the structural family (enH2)[Cu(H2O)4](TX4)2 are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micronutrients play a crucial role in supporting plant growth and development, even though they are required in minimal quantities. Deficiencies in certain micronutrients can have a significant impact on plant development leading to reduced yields and lower-quality crops. Chelation, a vital process in plant nutrition, involves the formation of stable complexes of micronutrients bound to organic molecules, offering a promising solution to enhance their effectiveness in plant nutrition and mitigate deficiencies. Chelates contribute to the plant's stability and uptake of micronutrients, thus alleviating the effects of inadequacies. Chelating agents can be broadly categorized as synthetic or natural compounds. Synthetic chelators encompass substances like EDTA (Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acid), DTPA (Diethylene Triamine Penta Acetic Acid), and EDDHA (Ethylene-Diamine-di-O-Hydroxy Phenylacetic Acid). In contrast, natural chelators include amino acids, peptides, and organic acids. The mechanisms of chelation in plants and soil involve intricate interactions among chelates, micronutrients, and soil components, facilitating the uptake and translocation of micronutrients within plant tissues. Although, natural chelates exhibit superior stability and compatibility with soil microbiota in addition to synthetic chelates still promotes sustained nutrient availability. Through this review, the efficacy of chelated micronutrients in enhancing plant growth, yield, and overall nutritional quality is investigated, shedding light on their potential to address deficiencies and optimize agricultural productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, graphene oxide (GO)-based two-dimensional (2D) laminar membranes have attracted considerable attention because of their unique well-defined nanochannels and deliver a wide range of molecular separation properties and fundamentals. However, the practical application of 2D GO layered membranes suffers from instability in aqueous solutions as the interlayer d-spacing of GO membranes is prone to expansion caused by the hydration effect. In this study, the effects of the ethylenediamine (EDA) addition amount on the structure, crosslinking mechanism and separation performance of GO membranes were investigated systematically, and membrane performance was evaluated using water permeability and dye/salt rejection tests. The experimental results show that the amine groups of EDA chemically bond with the hydroxyl functional group (O=C–OH) of GO after intercalation, as evident from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). By further controlling the amount of the intercalated EDA, the as-prepared GO composite membranes show nanoscale-tuned d-spacing promising for downstream applications. In the demonstrated dye/salt nanofiltration scenario, the EDA intercalated and crosslinked GO membrane has enhanced permeability by over five times and a better dye rejection rate of over 96% compared with pure GO membranes. These findings highlight a facile strategy for controlling nanochannels by tuning the amounts of reactive intercalants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To meet the needs of consumers for high-quality textiles, the blended fabrics gradually become the mainstream of the market. However, developing the union dyeing blended fabrics in finished fabrics is still challenging. In this paper, different mass fractions of urea, caustic soda, ethylenediamine, and ethylenediamine + urea + water fiber swelling agent were used to modify the blended fabric. The barium values for the two fibers, adsorption swelling time and temperature were measured. The results showed that ethylenediamine + urea + water displayed the best combination candidates for the union dyeing of the blended fabric, which had a certain degree of elimination of crystallinity on cotton fibers. The optimal swelling process parameters of ethylenediamine:urea:water were 75:15:10, the temperature is 30 °C, and the time is 90 min. Under this process, washing under different conditions had a significant effect on the union dyeing of the blended fabric. After the fabric was washed with alcohol, the cotton fiber configuration also changed from cellulose type I to cellulose type I (12) + EDA-I (88), with a high degree of transformation and a high degree of decrystallization (30.98%). The modal fiber configuration changed from cellulose type II to cellulose type II (77) + EDA- II (23), with a low degree of transformation and a low degree of decrystallization (8.83%).Finally, the union dyeing values were increased from 0.4 ~ 0.5 to 0.85 ~ 1.1 without.the change of style and feel of the blended fabric. Notably, the breaking strength of the blended fabrics was reinforced. This work has significant implications for the development of high-quality cotton/modal blended fabrics with high union dyeing and fixation rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single crystals of two copper(II) ethylenediamine complexes were prepared and characterized structurally and spectroscopically. The tetrafluoroborate complex, [(BF4)(en)2Cu(μ2-en)Cu(en)2(BF4)](BF4)2, features ethylenediamine as a bridging ligand. To our knowledge, this represents only the fourth structurally documented example of this type of copper(II) ethylenediamine complex. The second complex, [CuII(en)3]F2·2H2O, contains tris(ethylenediamine)copper(II) cations, which are rare among structurally studied copper(II) ethylenediamine complexes. In the non-chiral (Pna21) structure of [CuII(en)3]F2·2H2O, the tris(ethylenediamine)copper(II) cation exists as a racemic mixture of Λ-δδδ and Δ-λλλ enantiomers. Raman spectra support our XRD data, showing a characteristic doubled band at 870–890 cm−1, a distinguishing feature of the tris(ethylenediamine)copper(II) cation. Our attempt to prepare bulk material instead of individual crystals were unsuccessful due to the instability of the prepared samples, a finding further supported by FTIR spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, a novel pyrazine based chitosan material was synthesized by functionalizing chitosan with chloroacetyl chloride and further modification with ethylene 1,2 diamine, thus a polymer matrix is obtained. Further the adsorbent material was characterized and verified using analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, FTIR and TGA. The adsorbent material was analyzed for the adsorptive take-up process with a initial dye concentration varying from 20–100 mgL−1 and the adsorptive process occurred due to the electrostatic interaction between the nitrogen atom of chitosan and the methyl orange dye molecule. The equilibrium adsorptive capacity obtained for the synthesized adsorbent material was 45.45 mg g−1. The adsorptive mechanism predicted the electrostatic interaction between the two atoms and the increased in the adsorption efficiency is contributed by the increased number of hetero atoms in the chitosan structure and the adsorption kinetics was found to be pseudo-second-order kinetics and with a monolayer coverage process indicating the Langmuir adsorption isothermal fit. Further, the evaluated thermodynamic parameters showed the adsorption process to be non-spontaneous and endothermic in nature. A regeneration and reusability study was achieved for the composite material using convenient stripping solutions and the adsorbent was successfully regenerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of industry, efficient removal of heavy metal ions such as lead ions in wastewater has been attracted much attention in the fields of water treatment and environmental remediation. Herein, a novel polymer composite adsorbent material EDTMPA-P/A has been successfully prepared through the combination of sodium alginate and waste para aramid using low-temperature esterification method, and the subsequent modification of EDTMPA (ethylene diamine tetra (methylene phosphonic acid)). The static saturation adsorption experiment verified that EDTMPA-P/A had significant adsorption performance for lead ions, hence, EDTMPA-P/A has been employed to adsorb lead ions from aqueous solutions, and the relevant adsorption behaviors of the polymer composite adsorbent for lead ions have been investigated in detail. The adsorption isotherm of EDTMPA-P/A was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model, and the corresponding kinetics data were well fitted by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The maximum adsorption capacity of EDTMPA-P/A obtained by Langmuir isotherm for lead ions was 315.46 mg/g at 35 °C, which was much higher than other adsorbents reported in the literatures. Moreover, the adsorption thermodynamic parameters ΔG, ΔH and ΔS of EDTMPA-P/A for lead ions were 1.92 kJ mol−1 (35 °C), 14.69 kJ mol−1, and 41.74 J K−1 mol−1, respectively. The research results indicated that EDTMPA-P/A could be evaluated as a novel efficient adsorbent with high efficiency in wastewater treatment and removal of lead ions, and it is great application prospect that EDTMPA-P/A with facile esterification synthesis at low temperature, modification process and excellent adsorption performance, therefore, could be used as a high efficient adsorbent for lead ions removal, which also has simultaneously achieved the reuse object of waste para aramid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the synthesis of a novel composite surfactant(NY-surf) comprising mixed carbon chain amine oxide and sulfonate・ The carbon chain ratio of tertiary amide amine was adjusted, and ethylene diamine ethane sulfonate and acrylic acid were introduced to enhance 让s properties・ The structural characterization revealed that NY-surf exhibited excellent surface activity with a value of 29・ 67 mN/m・ Furthermore,让 demonstrated good foam stability and remarkable resistance to high temperature, high salt, and high crude oil environments・ Additionally, NY-surf displayed strong emulsification ability with only a 35% water extraction rate after standing for 120 min・ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study successfully developed a bio-based, photocurable, anionic–nonionic dual-functional chain extender, and sulfonated cardanol-based polyethylene glycol (SCP), derived from renewable resources—cardanol and polyethylene glycol—for application in waterborne polyurethane dispersions (WPUDs). Utilizing SCP as a chain extender, WPUDs were prepared through a typical acetone process with poly(butylene adipate) (PBA), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), and ethylene diamine (EDA) at a constant NCO/OH ratio of 1:1. This research focused on the effects of polyethylene glycol molecular weight and SCP dosage on the particle size, stability, and film-forming properties of the WPUD. Optimal dispersion stability and film-forming performance were achieved with a polyethylene glycol molecular weight of 1500 and a PBA to SCP molar ratio of 4:1, yielding a particle size of 0.326 ± 0.010 μm and excellent storage stability over six months. The resulting WPU coatings exhibited a tensile strength of 11.4 MPa, which increased to 16.8 MPa after UV irradiation owing to the formation of a semi-interpenetrating network via the photopolymerization of cardanol's unsaturated side chains. UV cross-linking also enhanced water resistance, reducing the water absorption rate (WAR) from 18.68% to 4.21% and the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) from 6.59 × 10−5 g·m⁻¹·Pa⁻¹·d⁻¹ to 2.26 × 10⁻⁵ g·m⁻¹·Pa⁻¹·d⁻¹, while also improving thermal stability. These findings demonstrate that SCP offers a sustainable and effective solution for developing high-performance WPU coatings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The practical application of LiMn1−xFexPO4 as a cathode material is hindered considerably by its poor electronic conductivity and slow lithium‐ion diffusion. In the present study, a uniform nitrogen‐doped carbon coating on LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 (LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4@NC) was achieved using ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) as a chelating agent and carbon source. The nitrogen‐doped carbon layer enhanced the electronic conductivity and ionic diffusion of the LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4 cathode. Furthermore, the uniform carbon layer prevented metal ion dissolution and stabilized the crystal structure. The resulting LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4@NC‐2 sample demonstrated superior performance with a specific capacity of 152.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and preserved 93.7 % of this capacity over 200 cycles at 1 C. Meanwhile, the LiMn0.7Fe0.3PO4@NC‐2 sample demonstrated a high Li+ diffusion coefficient (3.98×10−11 cm2 s−1) and electrical conductivity (1.47×10−2 S cm−1). This study presents a novel approach to designing high‐performance cathode materials using a cost‐effective and straightforward process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore the effects of N-terminal on acid stability of xylanase, this paper cloned and expressed a gene sequence screened from NCBI database, designed response surface test to obtain the best expression conditions, and constructed N-terminal displacement mutants from N-terminal by overlapping extension SORPCR technology, characterized its enzyme activity and related enzymatic properties, and finally applied it to apple juice to explore the clarification effect. The results showed that the optimal xylanase xynP expression condition was 1 884 U/mL by adding 1.5% seed solution into 100 mL TB medium, the induction time was 3.5 h, 200 µl of 500 mmol/L isopropyl β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) was added, and the enzyme activity was induced at 20 °C for 21.6 h. The optimum temperature of xylanase xynP and mutant xynP-1 was 40 °C, and the optimum pH value was 4.5 and 5.0, respectively. After different pH value treatments, it was found that the stability of mutant enzyme xynP-1 was slightly weaker than that of wild type xylanase xynP under acid conditions (pH=4.0), but with the increase of pH (pH 4.5~5.5), its acid stability was all plateau enzyme xynP, indicating that N-terminal had an impact on the acid stability of xylanase. Metal ions Pb2+ and chemical reagents sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) have a significant inhibitory effect on the activity of the two enzymes. When beechwood xylan was used as substrate, the Km values of the two enzymes were 1.72 mg/mL and 2.57 mg/mL, respectively. The vmax values were 0.93 nmol/(mg ⋅ min) and 1.15 nmol/(mg ⋅ min), respectively, indicating that the substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency of the mutant enzyme were lower than those of the original enzyme. Two enzymes were applied to apple juice. After the addition of the original enzyme xynP and the mutant enzyme xynP-1, the light transmittance of the juice increased from 24.33% to 90.03% and 95.70%, respectively, indicating that the addition of xylanase xynP had a significant clarifying effect on apple juice. The results provided a reference for further research on the application of xylanase in fruit juice processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of oil well cementing, controlling the hydration process of cement slurries is essential to ensure successful placement and long-term well integrity, especially under challenging high-temperature and high-pressure conditions. Organic phosphonates such as ethylene diamine tetra(methylenephosphonic acid) sodium (EDTMPS) have been identified as effective retarders that can delay the hydration of tricalcium silicate (C3S), the primary phase responsible for early strength development in cement. This research explores the effect of EDTMPS on C3S hydration, using a combination of analytical techniques including isothermal calorimetry, TGA, XRD, and SEM. The results demonstrate that 0.2% EDTMPS extended the induction period of C3S hydration by up to 4.27 h, reduced the heat flow during the acceleration period by 65%, and lowered the cumulative heat of hydration at 1 d by approximately 14%. As a result, EDTMPS significantly delayed the development of C-S-H gel and CH, thereby extending the setting time of the cement slurry and causing a reduction in the early compressive strength of the cement pastes. Therefore, EDTMPS had a slight effect on the compressive strength of cement pastes at 28 d. The results offer important insights into the retarding mechanism of organic phosphonates and their potential applications in enhancing the performance of oil well cement under high temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The aim of this study was to assess the smear layer removal efficacy of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), with and without the addition of poloxamer, in an in vitro model. Materials and Methods: In this in vitro study, 60 human premolars were randomly selected and decoronated to standardize the root length to 15 mm. The working length was set 1 mm short of the apex. The canals were instrumented to size F3 using the Protaper file system, with irrigation using NaOCl and saline between instrumentations. The samples were randomly divided into four groups based on the final irrigation protocol: Group 1 (n = 15) - 3% NaOCl with poloxamer, Group 2 (n = 15) - 17% EDTA with poloxamer, Group 3 (n = 15) - 3% NaOCl without poloxamer, and Group 4 (n = 15) - 17% EDTA without poloxamer. All samples were irrigated using an apical negative pressure system, and smear layer removal was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A five-graded scoring system was used to assess smear layer removal. Data were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results: The group irrigated with EDTA and poloxamer showed the most effective smear layer removal, with a median score of 2 in both the middle and apical thirds of the canal. The NaOCl with poloxamer group showed a median score of 3, while the NaOCl-only group had a median score of 5, indicating less efficient removal of the smear layer. Conclusion: The study concluded that the addition of poloxamer to NaOCl and EDTA improved smear layer removal by lowering the surface tension of the irrigants. The combination of EDTA with poloxamer exhibited the best smear layer removal, followed by NaOCl with poloxamer. The NaOCl-only group showed the least effectiveness. This enhanced smear layer removal improves irrigant penetration, particularly for NaOCl, and may also enhance its antimicrobial efficacy. Furthermore, poloxamer's surfactant properties suggest its potential as a drug delivery agent for intracanal medicaments. The results suggest that incorporating poloxamer into root canal irrigation protocols can significantly improve the efficacy of smear layer removal, leading to better irrigation outcomes and improved penetration of medicaments. This could enhance the overall success of endodontic treatments, particularly by improving antimicrobial activity and facilitating more effective drug delivery to the root canal system. Future research could explore the long-term clinical effects of using poloxamer-enhanced irrigants in various root canal systems, as well as investigate its potential as a carrier for additional intracanal medicaments. Further studies should also examine the impact of poloxamer on the mechanical properties of the root canal dentin and its compatibility with other commonly used irrigants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]