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Abstract Lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) causes oxidative stress, inflammation, and immune system activation. The Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 pathway is important in cellular defense against these effects. Quercetin, a flavonoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties, has been investigated. Our aim in this study was to investigate the effect of quercetin on preventing lung ischemia-reperfusion injury and the role of the Nrf2/Keap1/HO-1 pathway. Sixty-four male Wistar rats were divided into four distinct groups(n = 16). Sham, lung ischemia-reperfusion (LIR), Saline + LIR, Quercetin + LIR (30 mg/kg i.p for a week before LIR). LIR groups were subjected to 60 min of ischemia (left pulmonary artery, vein, and bronchus) and 120 min of reperfusion. Our assessment encompassed a comprehensive analysis of various factors, including the evaluation of expression Nrf2, Keap1, and Heme Oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels and NF-κB protein. Furthermore, we examined markers related to inflammation (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor alpha), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, total oxidant status, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, total antioxidant capacity), lung edema (Wet/dry lung weight ratio and total protein concentration), apoptosis (Bax and Bcl2 protein), and histopathological alterations (intra-alveolar edema, alveolar hemorrhage, and neutrophil infiltration). Our results show that ischemia-reperfusion results in heightened inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis, lung edema, and histopathological damage. Quercetin showed preventive effects by reducing these markers, acting through modulation of the Nrf2/Keap1 pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway. This anti-inflammatory effect, complementary to the antioxidant effects of quercetin, provides a multifaceted approach to cell protection that is important for developing therapeutic strategies against ischemia-reperfusion injury and could be helpful in preventive strategies against ischemia-reperfusion.

This review paper explores the cutting-edge advancements in hydrogel design for articular cartilage regeneration (CR). Articular cartilage (AC) defects are a common occurrence worldwide that can lead to joint breakdown at a later stage of the disease, necessitating immediate intervention to prevent progressive degeneration of cartilage. Decades of research into the biomedical applications of hydrogels have revealed their tremendous potential, particularly in soft tissue engineering, including CR. Hydrogels are highly tunable and can be designed to meet the key criteria needed for a template in CR. This paper aims to identify those criteria, including the hydrogel components, mechanical properties, biodegradability, structural design, and integration capability with the adjacent native tissue and delves into the benefits that CR can obtain through appropriate design. Stratified-structural hydrogels that emulate the native cartilage structure, as well as the impact of environmental stimuli on the regeneration outcome, have also been discussed. By examining recent advances and emerging techniques, this paper offers valuable insights into developing effective hydrogel-based therapies for AC repair.

Abstract Type 2 diabetes (T2D) can cause severe cardiac complications at functional, histologic and molecular levels. These pathological complications could be mediated by ATP-releasing channels such as Panx1 and ATP receptors, in particular P2X7. The aim of our study was to investigate the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on T2D-induced cardiac complications at the functional, histopathological and molecular levels, with a particular focus on ATP-releasing channels. 48 male Wistar rats at the age of 8 weeks were randomly allocated into four groups: control (Con), Diabetes (T2D), Training (TR), and Diabetes + Training (T2D + TR). T2D was induced by a high-fat diet plus a low dose (35 mg/kg) of STZ administration. Rats in the TR and T2D + TR groups underwent an 8-weeks training program involving intervals ranging from 80 to 100% of their maximum running speed (Vmax), with 4–10 intervals per session. Protein expression of Interleukin 1β (IL1β), Interleukin 10 (IL-10), Pannexin 1 (Panx1), P2X7R (purinergic P2X receptor 7), NLRP1 (NLR Family Pyrin Domain Containing 1), BAX, and Bcl2 were measured in the heart tissue. Additionally, we assessed heart function, histopathological changes, as well as insulin resistance using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). In contrast to the T2D group, HIIT led to increased protein expression of Bcl2 and IL-10 in the heart. It also resulted in improvements in systolic and diastolic blood pressures, heart rate, ± dp/dt (maximum and minimum changes in left ventricular pressure), while reducing protein expression of IL-1β, Panx1, P2X7R, NLRP1, and BAX levels in the heart. Furthermore, left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP) was reduced (P ≤ 0.05). Moreover, heart lesion scores increased with T2D but decreased with HIIT, along with a reduction in fibrosis percentage (P ≤ 0.05). The results of this study suggest that the cardioprotective effects of HIIT on the diabetic heart may be mediated by the modulation of ATP-releasing channels. This modulation may lead to a reduction in inflammation and apoptosis, improve cardiac function, and attenuate cardiac injury and fibrosis.

Numerous numerical studies have been carried out in recent years that simulate different aspects of exoplanets’ magnetosphere and stellar winds. These studies have focused primarily on hot Jupiters with sun-like stars. This study addresses the challenges inherent in utilizing existing MHD codes to model hot Jupiter-star systems. Due to the scaling of the system and the assumption of a uniformly flowing stellar wind at the outer boundary of the simulation, MHD codes necessitate a minimum distance of greater than 0.4 au for a Jupiter-like planet orbiting a sun-like star to avoid substantial violations of the code’s assumptions. Additionally, employing the GAMERA (Grid Agnostic MHD for Extended Research Applications) MHD code, we simulate star-planet interactions considering various stellar types (Sun-like and M Dwarf stars) with both Jupiter-like and rocky planets positioned at varying orbital distances. Furthermore, we explore the impact of tidal locking on the total power within the magnetosphere-ionosphere systems.

Nowadays, titanium-based implants are widely used to replace damaged or missing body organs. Poor chemical bonding with the bone and infection caused by formation of biofilm on the implant surface are the most common problems with them. So, antibacterial properties and osteoblast adhesion improvement have been intended to address these issues. The aim of this research is cell adhesion improvement and prevention of bacterial infection using surface roughness and in-situ antibiotic drug release. Here, micromachining (nanoseconds) laser with a groove distance of 10, 30, and 50 µm, was used to surface modification. X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), hardness, roughness, and wettability tests were used for physical and metallurgical characterization of surface-modified samples to find the optimum laser processing conditions. Roughness has increased as a result of laser surface modification and surface characteristics of alloy exhibit sensitivity to the groove distance. The lower groove distance indicated the higher roughness and wettability. Martensite phase, α phase, and, Ti3Al were observed in the fusion zone. Also, the dissolution of the beta phase has occurred in the fusion and the heat-affected zones. No oxidation was observed. All these occurred without any change in bulk. Then optimized sample surfaces were coated by the vancomycin-loaded polyvinyl alcohol solution using electrospinning process, and toxicity, cell adhesion, and drug release rate were evaluated. The results showed laser surface modification and coating did not hurt cell viability. Modified samples demonstrated high cell adhesion and improvement in drug release compared to the unmodified samples. The drug release rate was extended from 4 h to 25 h for modified samples. So, the modified implants could indicate a sustained release of antibiotics as well.

There are several methods for indirectly detecting exoplanets, such as transit, radial velocity, astrometry, and the conventional gravitational microlensing approach. These methods rely on observing the effects of exoplanets on the emission or motion of observed stars. All these techniques have focused on the optical or infrared domains. However, an alternative method for exoplanet detection via microlensing events involves planets orbiting the source star, creating a binary source system. In this study, we explore a novel approach to detecting and studying exoplanets exclusively through their radio emissions resulting from magnetospheric processes. We propose utilizing the Roman telescope as a survey observer to detect microlensing events. Subsequently, we investigate the potential for detecting planetary radio signals through follow-up observations of these microlensing events in the radio band using the SKA telescope. This method is viable due to the comparable radio emission levels of exoplanets and their parent stars, unlike optical and infrared emissions. We conduct a Monte Carlo simulation to replicate the observations by the Nancy Roman Telescope, followed by a follow-up observation in radio frequencies using the SKA telescope. We determine that approximately 1,317 exoplanets exhibit detectable signals by the SKA telescope during the 7-season observations by the Nancy Roman Telescope. This result indicates that such a method cannot only facilitate the direct detection of exoplanets but also enable the measurement of their magnetic field strength through analysis of their radio emissions.

3D bioprinting uses biomaterials combined with cells to develop living constructs. This study explores the optimization of natural polymers, including silk fibroin, gelatin, and alginate, as bioink for 3D bioprinting in bone tissue engineering. The physicochemical properties of the bioink were thoroughly examined, revealing high water uptake and reduced degradation rate due to the addition of silk fibroin. The compressive modulus increased with higher alginate concentration. Rheological analysis confirmed shear-thinning properties and viscoelasticity of the ink. Through meticulous parameter optimization, the ink achieved the highest print accuracy with 4 % w/v alginate content. The printed scaffolds exhibited both macro and micro porosity, making them suitable for bone tissue regeneration. Furthermore, the scaffolds remained stable in culture medium for 36 days. The optimal composition for the hydrogel was determined to be a blend of 5 % fibroin, 7 % gelatin, and 4 % alginate in equal ratios. The bioink demonstrated excellent biocompatibility and, when supplemented with alendronate, enhanced alkaline phosphatase activity in MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. This finding indicates the commitment of cells toward the osteoblastic phenotype. Overall, this study successfully optimized the bioink and bioprinting process for bone tissue engineering applications, highlighting its promising potential for future advancements in the field.

Abstract Background Aedes aegypti is the main vector of arboviral diseases worldwide. The species invaded and became established in southern Iran in 2020. Insecticide-based interventions are primarily used for its control. With insecticide resistance widespread, knowledge of resistance mechanisms is vital for informed deployment of insecticidal interventions, but information from Iranian Ae. aegypti is lacking. Methods Fifty-six Ae. aegypti specimens were collected from the port city of Bandar Lengeh in Hormozgan Province in the South of Iran in 2020 and screened for kdr mutations. The most common kdr mutations in Latin America and Asia (V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C), especially when present in combinations, are highly predictive of DDT and pyrethroid resistance were detected. Phylogenetic analyses based on the diversity of S989P and V1016G/I mutations were undertaken to assess the phylogeography of these kdr mutations. Results Genotyping all four kdr positions of V410L, S989P, V1016G/I and F1534C revealed that only 16 out of the 56 (28.57%) specimens were homozygous wild type for all kdr mutation sites. Six haplotypes including VSVF (0.537), VSVC (0.107), LSVF (0.016), LSIF (0.071), VPGC (0.257) and LPGC (0.011) were detected in this study. For the first time, 11 specimens harbouring the V410L mutation, and 8 samples with V1016I mutation were found. V410L and V1016I were coincided in 8 specimens. Also, six specimens contained 1016G/I double mutation which was not reported before. Conclusions The relatively high frequency of these kdr mutations in Iranian Ae. aegypti indicates a population exhibiting substantial resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, which are used widely in control operations and household formulations. The detection of the 410L/1016I kdr mutant haplotype in Iranian Ae. aegypti suggests possible convergence of invasive populations from West Africa or Latin America. However, as Iran has very limited maritime/air connections with those African countries, a Latin American origin for the invasive Ae. aegypti in Iran is more plausible. Graphical abstract

Abstract Inflammation and oxidative stress are recognized as two primary causes of lung damage induced by methotrexate, a drug used in the treatment of cancer and immunological diseases. This drug triggers the generation of oxidants, leading to lung injury. Given the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT), our aim was to evaluate the therapeutic potential of HIIT in mitigating methotrexate-induced lung damage in rats. Seventy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: CTL (Control), HIIT (High-intensity intermittent training), ALI (Acute Lung Injury), HIIT+ALI (pretreated with HIIT), and ALI + HIIT (treated with HIIT). HIIT sessions were conducted for 8 weeks. At the end of the study, assessments were made on malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), myeloperoxidase (MPO), interleukin 10 (IL-10), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), gene expression of T-bet, GATA3, FOXP3, lung wet/dry weight ratio, pulmonary capillary permeability, apoptosis (Caspase-3), and histopathological indices. Methotrexate administration resulted in increased levels of TNF-α, MPO, GATA3, caspase-3, and pulmonary edema indices, while reducing the levels of TAC, SOD, Gpx, IL-10, T-bet, and FOXP3. Pretreatment and treatment with HIIT reduced the levels of oxidant and inflammatory factors, pulmonary edema, and other histopathological indicators. Concurrently, HIIT increased the levels of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory factors.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to investigate the frequency of asymptomatic intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis in healthy volunteers in Kerman, Iran, in 2019 using Doppler ultrasound imaging.METHOD: This cross-sectional study was conducted on healthy volunteers in Kerman in 2019 following a public elicitation. After the general examination, 138 healthy volunteers who had no history of any disease and were not treated with any medication underwent cerebrovascular evaluation with Doppler ultrasound. Demographic information, history of addiction, and sonographic findings were recorded in a checklist and then analyzed using SPSS 22.RESULTS: Stenosis was found in 14.4% of volunteers. The mean age of participants was 45.8±10.12 years, and 74 (54%) of them were male. In volunteers with stenosis, a significant correlation was found between age (P = 0.03) and addiction (P = 0.04) with the involved artery. There was also a significant correlation between addiction and intracranial and extracranial artery stenosis (P = 0.04). Logistic regression analysis showed a significant relationship between being female, addiction, and age with stenosis, as well as between addiction and intracranial artery stenosis (P

Laser surface melting (LSM) is an environmentally-safe technique in which melting and solidification occur in a very short reaction time, without affecting the bulk of the material. On the other hand, today, the use of magnesium as a very light metal, with excellent specific resistance, excellent sound damping and good casting ability, etc., has been expanded. Also, having low absorption of laser beams, strong tendency to oxidation, high thermal conductivity, etc are important drawbacks of these alloys. Today there is widespread agreement on the better resistance to hot cracking of magnesium alloys with Nd:YAG laser due to its shorter wavelength by comparison with CO2 laser. This research aims to investigate the effect of Nd:YAG laser surface melting parameters on the microstructural, phase changes and hot cracking susceptibility of the AZ80 magnesium base alloy. The results of current research showed that sample 5 with voltage, frequency, pulse duration and gas flow rate of 250V, 10 Hz, 4 ms, 5lit/min, respectively, and constant speed of 1 mms showed a remelted zone with minimum hot cracks and other defects. In conclusion by controlling the laser parameters such as pulse duration, shielding gas flow rate, laser frequency, scanning rate and the laser power, the susceptibility to hot cracking including both solidification and liquation cracking are significantly decreased.

Abstract Methotrexate (Mtx) is used to treat various diseases, including cancer, arthritis and other rheumatic diseases. However, it induces oxidative stress and pulmonary inflammation by stimulating production of reactive oxygen species and cytokines. Considering the positive effects of physical activity, our goal was to investigate the preventive and therapeutic role of continuous training (CT) on Mtx‐induced lung injury in rats. The rats were divided into five groups of 14 animals: a control group (C); a continuous exercise training group (CT; healthy rats that experienced CT); an acute lung injury with Mtx group (ALI); a pretreatment group with CT (the rats experienced CT before ALI induction), and a post‐treatment group with CT (the rats experienced CT after ALI induction). One dose of 20 mg/kg Mtx intraperitoneal was administered in the Mtx and training groups. Forty‐eight hours after the last exercise session all rats were sacrificed. According to our results, the levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), malondialdehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and caspase‐3 in the ALI group significantly increased compared to the control group, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin‐10 (IL‐10), forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3), and T‐bet decreased. In contrast, compared to the acute lung injury group, pretreatment and treatment with CT reduced TNF‐α, MDA, MPO, GATA3 and caspase‐3 and increased SOD, GPX, TAC, IL‐10, FOXP3 and T‐bet levels. The effects of CT pretreatment were more significant than the effects of CT post‐treatment. Continuous exercise training effectively reduced oxidative stress and inflammatory cytokines and ameliorated Mtx‐induced injury, and the effects of CT pretreatment were more significant than the effects of CT post‐treatment.

Introduction: The "golden hour" concept is a new evolving strategy for better prognosis of preterm and term infants, and all health care providers should be informed about the components and importance of the golden hour approach. The present study was performed with aim to investigate the percentage and sequence of primary care measures for newborns in the delivery or operating rooms in Khorasan Razavi hospitals. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2021-2022 on 1286 babies born in the maternity ward and operating room in Khorasan Razavi public hospitals. The percentage and sequence of taking care of newborns were investigated immediately after birth. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 26) and Statistical indices. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Drying and warming in 98%, making skin to skin contact of the baby with the mother's breast in 65%, positioning in 61%, emptying mouth secretions and stimulating the baby in 41%, putting on a hat in 61%, controlling the number Breathing in 48%, heart rate in 38% and temperature check in 25% were done among babies. The summary of the order of care measures performed for newborns was: tying the umbilical cord, starting skin-to-skin contact, drying, warming, stimulating, emptying mouth secretions, putting on a hat, determination of first minute Apgar, weight control, height control, head circumference control, determination of fifth minute Apgar, first respiratory rate control, first pulse rate control, first breastfeeding, body temperature control, foot impressions, vitamin K injection, diapering, and transfer to obstetrics department. Conclusion: In maternity wards and operating room of Khorasan Razavi public hospitals, essential measures such as vital signs are evaluated in less than half of the babies, and the order of care is not appropriate. Therefore, the modification and training of the neonates' care worker needs a serious revision and it is necessary for the health care workers to review the care and order of their performance.

Titanium alloys have been used extensively as implants. However, they generally suffer from low biocompatibility as well as antibacterial activity. To date, several strategies have been proposed to address these issues. It is of practical interest to synergistically increase both cellular adhesion and antimicrobial activity in titanium-based implants. Here, Ti–6Al–4V alloys were surface-modified by Nd:YAG laser with different scanning speeds ranging from 1 to 5 mm s−1 and subsequently coated by drug-loaded polymer nanofibers for prolonged drug release. The laser-modified samples were both physically and metallurgically characterized through XRD, OM, AFM, FESEM, hardness, and wettability tests to find the optimum laser processing conditions. Results showed that the surface characteristics of the alloys are sensitive to the scanning speed; the higher the scan velocity, the lower surface roughness and wettability were obtained. The enhanced formation of TiO and Ti6O oxides on the surfaces of laser-modified alloys was delineated. Then, a model polymer/drug system of polyvinyl alcohol/vancomycin was directly electrospun onto the optimized samples surfaces. The laser-modified, drug-loaded samples present an improved biocompatibility as the cellular adhesion and viability were increased in contact with these samples. Up to 39% increase in cell viability was obtained for the laser-modified samples by 5 mm s−1 scan speed in comparison with unmodified, uncoated samples. The increased biocompatibility was attributed to the formation of oxide layers which reduce the toxicity of vanadium and aluminum elements. Also, the drug release rate was extended from 4 h to 25 h for modified samples. So, the modified implants could present a sustained release of antibiotics as well.

Background and Objectives: Women during pregnancy are high risk for contracting coronavirus disease 21019 (COVID-19), and vaccination is probably the best way to prevent it during this period. This study aims to survey perceptions of COVID-19 vaccination among Pregnant Mothers in Qom, Iran. Methods: This is a qualitative study using the content analysis approach, Semi-structured interviews were used to collect information. Participants were 22 pregnant mothers living in Qom city who were eligible for vaccination, but had not yet been vaccinated. Results: The results of content analysis led to the extraction of three main themes: vaccine acceptance (lack of knowledge and awareness, lack of trust in news, advice from others), vaccine safety (unknown side effects of vaccine on the mother and the fetus/newborn), and vaccine effectiveness (effectiveness of the vaccine for the mother and the fetus/newborn). Conclusion: The pregnant mothers in Qom avoid COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy due to the lack of knowledge and awareness, lack of trust in the news, and advice from others. They are also worried about the unknown side effects of the vaccine on the mother, the fetus or newborn and have no knowledge of the effectiveness of the vaccine for the mother, the fetus or newborn.

Introduction: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic recurrent inflammatory disease of the large intestine and rectum. The disease is characterized by oxidative stress and severe inflammation. Research has shown the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects induced by consuming the Acacia arabia and Ocimum basilicum. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of treatment with O. basilicum together with A. arabica on healing, inflammation, and oxidative stress in the course of experimental colitis in rats. Methods: A total number of 50 male rats were selected and randomly assigned to five groups of 10 rats each. Colitis was induced in rats by enemas with a 4 % acetic acid solution. Four days after the colitis induction, the rats were orally treated for the next 4 days with saline or a combination of A. arabica and O. basilicum (1000 mg/kg) or sulfasalazine (100 mg/kg). Results: Acetic acid-induced colitis increased the colon's macroscopic and histopathological damage scores; increased colon levels of MDA (Malondialdehyde), MPO (Myeloperoxidase), TNF-α (Tissue necrosis factor α), IL6 (Interleukin 6), and IL17 (Interleukin 17); and decreased SOD (Superoxide Dismutase), GPx (Glutathione Peroxidase), and IL10 (Interleukin 10) levels in the treated rats compared with the control group (P

Abstract Objective/aim Good design of cancer registry systems makes them easy to use, while poor design of their user interfaces leads to user dissatisfaction and resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the usability of a cancer registry system using Cognitive Walkthrough (CW) and to assess users' agreement with its usability problems. Methods CW was used to evaluate the registry system. We developed a checklist to help evaluators speed up the evaluation process, a problems form to collect the usability issues identified by the evaluators, and a problems severity form to determine the severity of problems by the evaluators. The problems were classified into two categories according to the CW questions and the system tasks. The agreement of the users with the system problems was examined by an online questionnaire. Users' agreement with the problems was then analyzed using the Interclass Correlation Coefficient in the SPSS 22 (Statistical Package for Social Science). Results In this study, 114 problems were identified. In the categorization of problems based on the CW questions, 41% (n = 47) of the problems concerned the issue of “users do not know what to do at each stage of working with the system”, 24% (n = 27) were classified as “users cannot link what they intend to do with system controls”, and 22% (n = 25) were related to “user's lack of understanding of the system processes”. Based on user tasks, about 36% (n = 41) of the problems were related to “removing patient duplication” and 33% (n = 38) were related to “registration of patient identification information”. User agreement with the problems was high (CI 95% = 0.9 (0.96, 0.98)). Conclusion System problems often originate from user ignorance about what to do at each stage of using the system. Also, half of the system problems concern a mismatch between what users want to do and the system controls, or a lack of understanding about what the system does at different stages. Therefore, to avoid user confusion, designers should use clues and guides on the screen for users, design controls consistent with the user model of thinking, and provide appropriate feedback after each user action to help users understand what the system is doing. The high agreement of users with the problems showed that in the absence of users system designers can use CW to identify the problems that users face in the real environment.

Abstract Background To optimize appointment systems, it is necessary to assess their users’ perspectives. This study aims to determine the use of various appointment systems among patients in academic outpatient centers and to investigate their perspectives and satisfaction. Methods This survey study was conducted on 332 patients or those accompanying patients in academic outpatient centers. A five-part questionnaire consisting of (1) demographic information, (2) willingness to use systems, (3) problems when using these systems, (4) problems after reserving the appointment, (5) recommendations and critics was used. The relationship between the system of interest and the available tools was examined by the Chi-square test, and the relationship between demographic characteristics and satisfaction was assessed using multiple regression. Results The participants’ overall satisfaction towards appointment systems, regardless of the type of system, was 49.12 ± 16.04 (out of 100). Satisfaction with the appointment system using Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) was significantly higher than the other two systems (p = 0.03). Web-based application and Interactive Voice Response (IVR) were the most frequently used systems with 61% and 48%, respectively. More than half of those who had access to a telephone (56%) preferred the IVR appointment system, and most of those who had Internet access (71%) preferred the web-based application (p

The present study sought to identify the predictability of knowledge sharing based on the dimensions of toxic organizational climate among employees of educational institutions in Sarab using correlational design. The statistical population of this study was 1648 people and the corresponding sample size was 313 people. The sampling method of this study was stratified. After deleting Perth data using Mahalanobis index, the number of samples reached 286 and analyzes were performed on this number. To collect data, standard questionnaires of rural organizational toxic atmosphere and Dixon knowledge sharing were used. Data analysis using Pearson correlation test showed that toxic physical structure, toxic service reward and compensation system, toxic interpersonal relationships and toxic leadership have a significant relationship with knowledge sharing. Findings from stepwise regression analysis showed that the system of reward and compensation for toxic service and poisonous leadership can predict knowledge sharing. Due to the lack of significant effect of toxic physical structure dimensions and toxic interpersonal relationships on knowledge sharing, these dimensions were removed from the model by software. Findings showed that knowledge sharing in educational institutions can be predicted by some dimensions of toxic organizational climate; therefore, it is necessary to adopt and implement appropriate strategies to prevent the manifestation of toxic organizational climate dimensions and eliminate them.

Objective: Knowledge sharing is one of the main processes of knowledge, which is affected by various human, technical and contextual factors. This research aims to identify the effect of professional relationships and toxic leadership on knowledge sharing.Method: In terms of the purpose, it is considered an applied research, and in terms of the data collection method, it is considered descriptive-correlation. The data of the study was collected from a sample of 313 employees of educational institutions who were selected according to the Krejcie-Morgan table and by the accessible method; In addition, the relative contribution of the class of the place of service has been considered in the selection of the sample. In order to collect data with Dixon's standard knowledge sharing questionnaire, Noe's professional relationships scale and Schmidt and Hanges toxic leadership subscale of the Rustayi toxic climate questionnaire were used. After removing outlier data using conventional methods, the number of samples reached 248 people. 235 of these employees were educational and cultural, and the data related to them were analyzed using Pearson's correlation test in SPSS 26 software and structural equation modeling in LISREL 8.8 software.Results: The results show the good fit of the conceptual model and the confirmation of all hypotheses, including the direct and positive effect of professional relationships on knowledge sharing, as well as the confirmation of its indirect effect through the mediation of Toxic leadership on knowledge sharing at a confidence level of 95%. The negative and significant effect of professional relationship on toxic leadership and the negative and significant effect of toxic leadership on knowledge sharing were also confirmed.Conclusions: To prevent the diminishing effect of toxic leadership on knowledge sharing and also to prevent its diminishing effect on the effect of professional relationships on knowledge sharing, the educational-cultural staff of these institutions should not refrain from presenting views and refuse to give their opinion; Because their very action can provide the ground for the isolation of toxic leaders.

Intense currents produced during geomagnetic storms dissipate energy in the ionosphere through Joule heating. This dissipation has significant space weather effects, and thus it is important to determine the ability of physics-based simulations to replicate real events quantitatively. Several empirical models estimate Joule heating based on ionospheric currents using the AE index. In this study, we select 11 magnetic storm simulations from the CCMC database and compare the integrated Joule heating in the simulations with the results of empirical models. We also use the SWMF global magnetohydrodynamic simulations for 12 storms to reproduce the correlation between the simulated AE index and simulated Joule heating. We find that the scale factors in the empirical models are half what is predicted by the SWMF simulations.

Objective: Following bone trauma, several factors participate in making a balance between the activity of osteoblasts and osteoclasts. The receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B (RANK), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) molecules play critical roles in the healing process via regulation of osteoclasts function. Turmeric is suggested to have an anti-osteogenic potential; however, its effect on accelerating bone healing has not been adequately studied. Here, we used a rat model of femur fracture to explore the effect of treatment with turmeric extract on the bone repair and the expression of RANK, RANKL, and OPG molecules.Materials and methods: Eight rats were subjected to surgery, randomly divided into two groups, and treated orally with turmeric (200 mg/kg), or olive oil. Four oil-treated rats without bone fracture were used as control group. After six weeks of treatment, the femurs of animals were examined for radiological, histological, and gene expression analysis.Results: X-ray radiography showed thicker callus and a more obscure fracture line in the turmeric group. Furthermore, higher osteoblast percentages but no osteoclasts were observed in turmeric-treated animals, representing better repair of bone in the fracture site. Also, real-time analyses showed that treatment with turmeric reduced RANK and RANKL expression (p

The purpose of this study is to identify the impact of the poisoned atmosphere and the perceived organizational support on knowledge sharing. In terms of purpose, it is a practical research and from the perspective of data collection, it is a descriptive correlation. The statistical population of this study is 1648 staff of Sarab city educational institutions. According to the Korjesi and Morgan’s table, the sample size was set at 313 people and selected by the class sampling method, which reached 248 after removing the outbound data. The data were compiled using the standard rural organizational atmosphere questionnaires, Dixon knowledge sharing and standardized organizational support questionnaire, designed and validated based on the Alan and his colleagues’ Model. Data analysis was performed using Pearson’s correlation test and structural equation modeling. The results illustrate the conceptual model fit and confirm all the hypotheses; So that all the direct effects on the model presented as well as the indirect effect of the poisoned organizational atmosphere on knowledge sharing were confirmed through the mediation of perceived organizational support. The results of the study state that perceived organizational support can reduce the negative impact of the poisoned atmosphere on the knowledge of the staff of educational institutions; Therefore, it is necessary for the atmosphere of educational institutions to be nontoxic in order to reveal the intention of the organization in providing support to employees and thus not consider knowledge sharing as a contrary to their own interests.

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of group motivational interview method on increasing the academic achievement of female students in the second year of high school in Isfahan (Iran). Sampling was available by method. The academic achievement status of 60 students was assessed based on their GPAs and then 32 students with poor (GPA 16-14) and very poor (GPA 10-10) students were selected and assigned to experimental group (16 people) and control group (16 people) randomly. In this study, the experimental group was exposed to motivational counseling but the control group did not receive any intervention. Analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. Results indicated that motivational interviewing increased academic achievement in post-test (P

Objective: To report the maternal death due to COVID-19. Methods: A total of 14 maternal deaths due to severe and critical COVID-19 who were referred to the obstetric department of Nekouie-Forghani-Hedayati Hospital, Qom, Iran from December 2019 to May 2022 were collected. The clinical manifestations and maternal and perinatal outcomes were analyzed. Results: Dexamethasone was used in 7 cases, while remdesivir was used in 5 cases. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, multiple organ failure, and sepsis were the main cause of mother death. The pregnancy in 8 cases were terminated by caesarean and only one neonatal death was reported from a mother at 13th week of gestational age, while all other fetus delivered were healthy and alive. Conclusions: COVID-19 in pregnancy is an emergency. Critical appraisal is needed to detect the other comorbidities and positive PCR test by throat swap should be performed as soon as possible.

In general, the growing resistance to traditional anti-leishmaniasis drugs and the ineffectiveness of appropriate treatment for leishmaniasis have prompted researchers to investigate the antiparasitic properties of plant-mediated synthesized nanomaterials and nanosystems. Potassium (K)-doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures with unique physicochemical properties can be employed as attractive candidate against this parasitic disease. In this study, K-doped zinc oxide (KdZ) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Artemisia annua extracts via an eco-friendly method with the advantages of simplicity, low cost, and up-scalability. A. annua extracts were deployed due to their antiparasitic effects. The synthesized NPs were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The toxicity of these nanostructures was evaluated on Leishmania tropica and normal macrophage cells. As a result, the K-doped ZnO NPs could inhibit the L. tropica cells growth, in vitro.

Abstract Background One of the important components of the health system is the emergency medical services (EMS) system. The EMS system was implemented at Kerman University of Medical Sciences teaching hospitals to communicate the situation of patients being transferred to the hospital by EMS and to provide facilities tailored to the patient's condition. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the EMS system on the patient care process and the workflow of users. Methods The hospital information system (HIS) report was used to investigate the impact of the EMS system on the patient care process and a questionnaire was distributed among 244 participants to determine its impact on the workflow of the users. Mann–Whitney U was used to analyze HIS reports, and Chi-square was used to analyze the data collected by questionnaires. Results The EMS system reduced the patient's stay in hospital by an average of 3 h and 45 min. It also increased the number of patients' discharge from the emergency room to 2.2% and reduced the death rate by 1.3% (p

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is one of the most common causes of neonatal mortality. This study was performed with aim to evaluate the clinical symptoms, maternal and neonatal risk factors of definitive sepsis in neonates admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit.Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in 2011-2019 on 285 infants admitted to the NICU of Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad. Neonates with positive blood culture and at least one clinical symptom and laboratory result of sepsis were considered as definitive sepsis and entered the study. After confirming the diagnosis based on the blood culture and laboratory report, the researcher-made checklist containing maternal, neonatal, and laboratory characteristics of the neonates was completed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 23) and independent t-test and Chi-square test. P

Background: Identification and control of the risk factors for hyperbilirubinemia can reduce the incidence and complications of this condition. Serum zinc level in newborns is reported to be one of the factors affecting the severity and incidence of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare hyperbilirubinemia incidence in neonates of zinc-taking and non-zinc-taking mothers. Methods: In this observational study, we compared the incidence of hyperbilirubinemia during the first week of birth between newborns whose mothers had received zinc supplement during the third trimester of pregnancy (case group) with those whose mothers had not taken zinc supplement (control group). The checklist of newborns’ conditions in both case and control groups was completed based on the obtained data regarding the infants, mothers, and laboratory findings. Data was analyzed using chi-squared test and t-test. Results: The mean serum levels of zinc were 79.76±15 mg/dl and 70.93±15.67mg/dl in mothers who had received zinc during the third trimester and those who had not taken zinc supplement, respectively. The mean serum level of zinc in newborns who underwent phototherapy was 41.68±9.21 mg/dl, while it was 68.53±20.85 mg/dl in neonates who did not receive phototherapy. In addition, 36% of the neonates whose mothers had not received zinc required phototherapy, while only 11% of newborns whose mothers had taken zinc supplement received phototherapy. Conclusion: Zinc consumption during the third trimester of pregnancy increased the serum zinc level in both newborns and mothers and reduced the incidence and severity of idiopathic hyperbilirubinemia requiring treatment.

During the main phase of many magnetic storms the solar wind Mach number is low and IMF magnitude is large. Under these conditions, the ionospheric potential saturates, and it becomes relatively insensitive to further increases in the IMF magnitude. On the other hand, the dayside merging rate and the potential become sensitive to the solar wind density. This should result in a correlation between the intensity of the auroral electrojets and the solar wind density. In this study we provide a sample of 314 moderate to strong storms and investigate the correlation between Dst index and the energy dissipated in the ionosphere. We show that for lower Mach numbers, this correlation decreases. We also show that the ionospheric indices of the storms with the lower Mach number are less correlated to the geoeffectiveness of the solar wind during these storms.

Abstract Background Many adulthood illnesses are rooted in childhood, especially in the “first thousand days of life”. Despite parents’ role in children’s development, no study has examined parental awareness concerning this period. This study aimed to examine the awareness of parents concerning the “first thousand days of life” and the relationship between parents’ demographics and their awareness. Methods This study was conducted on 135 parents in Kerman, Iran, using a valid and reliable questionnaire developed by researchers based on the opinion of experts and relevant references. The relationship between participants’ demographics and their awareness was examined by multiple regression. The relationship between homogeneity of couples’ education degree and awareness was analyzed using ANOVA. Chi-square was used to examine the relationship between information sources and parents’ familiarity and to compare parents’ preferred sources. Results The average parental awareness was 41.96 ± 11.90. Eighty-three percent of the parents have not heard about the “first thousand days of life”. The source of information for 57% of the parents was friends and relatives (p

The main aim of this research is to compare attentional bias toward threat among children with signs of internalizing and externalizing disorders. First, we offend the CBCL questionnaire to 700 parents who had an 11-12-year-old son. This questionnaire was done at primary school in the Tabriz area.80 kids were chosen from this population who suffered from depression, anxiety, ADHD and aggression. We chose 20 students for each logical disorder. Then we used a computer test named: DOT-PROB in order to check out attentional bias among these students. The researchers showed that attentional bias toward threat among kids suffering from depression is different from those who have signs of aggression another finding of these research show differences between attentional bias toward threat between children with signs of anxiety and ADHD. In addition, we didn't realize any special difference between attentional bias toward threat among children who have signs of anxiety and those with signs of aggression. Also, we didn't find any special differences in attentional bias toward threat between children who have signs of depression and children with signs of ADHD.

Background and Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate dust origin particulate (PM2.5) in Mashhad city in a long period of time (2014-2019) based on unhealthy days. Furthermore, changes in meteorological parameters and their relationship with dust storms have also been investigated. Materials and Methods: In order to locate dust pollution hotspots in mashhad air, first, information about unhealthy days of Mashhad city in a 5-year period was obtained from the site of Mashhad Pollutants Monitoring Center and then HYSPLIT model was used to locate air pollution hotspots caused by particulate matter. To verify the results, the outputs obtained from this model were also compared with the DREAM8b model. Results: By examining the meteorological parameters and its relationship with the outputs obtained from THEHYSPLIT and DREAM8b models, the maximum wind speed and relative humidity were obtained in autumn. There was no rainfall in the studied days (19 days) and the highest temperature was related to summer, indicating the relationship between the occurrences of polluted days due to particulate matter less than μ 2.5, wind speed and relative humidity in autumn. The results of the two models showed that the southern and northeastern regions of Mashhad city had the highest source of dust particles during the studied days. Conclusion: Although in previous articles, the origin of dust in Mashhad city was announced outside the geographical boundaries of the province, long-term investigation at low altitude (below 10m) showed that local origin of dust have an essential role in air pollution in Mashhad city under unstable atmospheric conditions. Inappropriate use of agricultural lands and severe changes in land use often in the northern region and implementation of construction projects such as the southern belt of Mashhad city play essential roles in increasing PM2.5 particles in the air of Mashhad. This finding shows the importance of decision making for the implementation of soil stabilization projects etc... at the local level.

Since the quantity and quality of the active ingredients of medicinal plants are dependent on the genetic and environmental factors, this research was carried out in 2018 to investigate the effects of climatic changes and phenological stages on the quantity and quality of essential oils in Salvia syriaca L to introduce the most suitable phenological stage and region. The experimental design was randomized complete design in a factorial layout with 2 factors of phenological stages (vegetative, beginning of flowering, and full flowering stages) and regions (Shahrekord, Kouhrang, and Lordegan) with three replications. The essential oil content was determined by distilling tissues in Clevenger type apparatus. All the essential oil samples were injected into a GC–MS apparatus to determine their components. Results showed a significant effect of phenological stages and regions on the components of essential oils. The highest levels of essential oil compounds included Cis- Thujone (23.9-31.4%), Camphor (16.4-19.7%), Trans- Thujone (8.8-11.5%), and 1, 8-Cineole (8.43-12.1%). The results showed significant effects of phenological stages and regions on essential oil content and composition. The highest contents of essential oil were obtained from Kouhrang region and at beginning of flowering stage. The highest contents of volatile components such as α/β-Pinene (monoterpene hydrocarbons) and Caryophyllene (sesquiterpene hydrocarbons) were obtained at the beginning of flowering stage. In addition, the amounts of volatile components and monoterpene hydrocarbons such as α/β-Pinene and Limonene of essential oils decreased from Kouhrang (temperate climate) to Lordegan (tropical climate) while the percentage of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons such as Caryophyllene in the oils increased. To obtain more aromatic components of this plant, it is recommended to harvest plants in temperate climate and at the beginning of flowering stage.

Abstract Background Intravenous bolus injection of fentanyl has been frequently reported to be associated with cough reflex during patient anesthesia. However, the search for the most effective protocol continues. This study aimed to compare the effect of reducing cough reflex after injection of fentanyl in a fusion protocol by combining the injections of lidocaine and Huffing maneuver and comparing with a placebo control group, before anesthesia induction. Methods This prospective randomized controlled trial study was performed on 400 patients who were divided into four groups of combined protocol (group 1), lidocaine group (group 2), Huffing maneuver group (group 3), and the control receiving normal saline (group 4). Then patients were injected with 2. 5 μg /kg fentanyl and monitored for 2 min regarding their cough reflex, as well as the severity. Results In group one, 9 patients (9%), in group two, 45 patients (45%), 22 patients (22%) in group three, and in group four, 75 patients (75%), developed cough reflex following fentanyl injection. Also, 13 patients (13%) developed moderate and 4 (4%) developed severe coughs in the control group reported, while no reports of severe or moderate cough were among the intervention groups. There was a significant difference between the intervention group and the control group both in terms of the rate and severity of the fentanyl-induced cough. Conclusion By using a combination of lidocaine injection along and Huffing maneuver, better results can be obtained in reducing the frequency, and also the severity of cough followed by fentanyl injection. Trial registration The trial was registered with IRCT.IR (09/03/2018-No. IRCT20141009019470N74 ).

Background: Official websites of tourism destinations provide an important digital content and are considered as widely-used tools of introducing destinations and presenting tourism products to the potential tourists. Improving the usability of websites helps the tourism destinations in achieving their goals. Websites usability is measured based on different criteria.Purpose: This paper evaluates and compares the usability of Iran and Malaysia official tourism destination websites –which are regarded as quite comparable in their tourism products and market- using seven criteria of content, visual attractiveness, infrastructure, interaction and responsiveness, navigation, customization, and product provision.Method: In order to do this evaluation, pairwise comparison questionnaires of the criteria were developed based on DEMATEL and ANP techniques and were answered online by 10 tourism experts in Iran. Websites’ usability analysis was performed using a combination of two MCDM (Multiple Criteria Decision Making) techniques that are DEMATEL and ANP so that the causal relations of the criteria are identified along with the ranking of their significance.Findings: The findings of the research show “infrastructure” as the dispatcher criterion, “product provision” as the receiver, and “content” as the most important criterion in the usability of tourism destinations’ websites. The findings also revealed the superiority of Malaysia’s official tourism website as compared to that of Iran.

Background & Objective: Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is a dysmaturation process in squamous cells in epithelial layer, which highly increases the risk of developing cervical cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of three biomarkers, p16, p63, and CK17 in patients with CIN and in those with atypical squamous metaplasia (ASM). Methods: In this study, 100 patients underwent a colposcopy-guided cervix biopsy. Immunostaining for the biomarkers was undertaken on tissue samples containing ASM (n=50) and CIN (n=50). Results: Immunostaining for CK7, P63, and P16 in patients with CIN significantly increased compared to ASM subjects. Conclusion: The expression of CK17, P63, and P16 in CIN varied from that in ASM. The mentioned biomarkers were reliable factors to distinguish ASM from CIN; however, all biomarkers could differentiate CIN from its mimics due to their high degree of sensitivity and specificity.

The main aim of this research was to compare attention bias toward threats among boys showing signs of depression and aggression disorders. The research tools were the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) questionnaire and the Relational and the Overt Aggression Questionnaire. First, using a multi-stage random sampling method, we offered the CBCL questionnaire and Relational and Overt Aggression Questionnaire to 350 parents who had an 11 or12-year-old son. The questionnaires were collected at primary schools in Tabriz area. 40 participants were selected from this population who suffered from depression and aggression (20 students for each disorder). Then we used a computer test named: DOT-PROB in order to check out attention bias among these students. Data were analyzed by SPSS software, using Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Findings showed that attention bias toward threats among boys suffering from depression was significantly different from those who have signs of aggression. The average of attention bias toward threats among boys suffering from aggression was higher than in boys who have signs of depression.

Background and objective: Automatic semantic segmentation of skin lesions is one of the most important medical requirements in the diagnosis and treatment of skin cancer, and scientists always try to achieve more accurate lesion segmentation systems. Developing an accurate model for lesion segmentation helps in timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Methods: In this study, a two-stage deep learning-based method is presented for accurate segmentation of skin lesions. At the first stage, detection stage, an approximate location of the lesion in a dermoscopy is estimated using deep Yolo v2 network. A sub-image is cropped from the input dermoscopy by considering a margin around the estimated lesion bounding box and then resized to a predetermined normal size. DeepLab convolutional neural network is used at the second stage, segmentation stage, to extract the exact lesion area from the normalized image. Results: A standard and well-known dataset of dermoscopic images, (ISBI) 2017 dataset, is used to evaluate the proposed method and compare it with the state-of-the-art methods. Our method achieved Jaccard value of 79.05%, which is 2.55% higher than the Jaccard of the winner of the ISIC 2017 challenge. Conclusion: Experiments demonstrated that the proposed two-stage CNN-based lesion segmentation method outperformed other state-of-the-art methods on the well-known ISIB2017 dataset. High accuracy in detection stage is of most important. Using the detection stage based on Yolov2 before segmentation stage, DeepLab3+ structure with appropriate backbone network, data augmentation, and additional modes of input images are the main reasons of the significant improvement.

Abstract Background Regeneration of articular cartilage poses a tremendous challenge due to its limited self-repair capability and inflammation at the damaged site. To generate the desired structures that mimic the structure of native tissue, microtissues with repeated functional units such as cell aggregates have been developed. Multicellular aggregates of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be used as microscale building blocks of cartilage due to their potential for cell-cell contact, cell proliferation, and differentiation. Methods Chondrogenic microtissues were developed through incorporation of kartogenin-releasing poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles (KGN-MP) within the MSC aggregates. The chondrogenic potential of KGN-MP treated MSC aggregates was proven in vitro by studying the chondrogenic markers at the RNA level and histological analysis. In order to address the inflammatory responses at the defect site, the microtissues were delivered in vivo via an injectable, anti-inflammatory hydrogel that contained gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) loaded with curcumin (Cur). Results The KGN-MPs were fabricated to support MSCs during cartilage differentiation. According to real-time RT-PCR analysis, the presence of KGN in the aggregates led to the expression of cartilage markers by the MSCs. Both toluidine blue (TB) and safranin O (SO) staining demonstrated homogeneous glycosaminoglycan production throughout the KGN-MP incorporated MSC aggregates. The curcumin treatment efficiently reduced the expressions of hypertrophy markers by MSCs in vitro. The in vivo results showed that implantation of chondrogenic microtissues (KGN-MP incorporated MSC aggregates) using the curcumin loaded GelMA hydrogel resulted in cartilage tissue regeneration that had characteristic features close to the natural hyaline cartilage according to observational and histological results. Conclusions The use of this novel construct that contained chondrogenic cell blocks and curcumin is highly desired for cartilage regeneration. Graphical abstract

The purpose of study was to investigate the relationship between differentiation of self and the need for security with marital intimacy. The population of this study consisted of non-clinical married women residing in Mashhad who were selected by available sampling method persons were selected.For this purpose, used, Bagarozi Intimacy Questionnaire , Scoron and Dandi differentiation of self of Questionnaire and Maslow's Psychosocial Security Questionnaire were for collection data. Data were analyzed by descriptive and correlation indices and stepwise regression and using SPSS 22 software.Data analysis showed that , the multiple correlation coefficient of the predictor variables with the criterion was 0.55, indicating a moderate and higher relationship between the predictor variables and the criterion variable. The coefficient of explanation and the coefficient of explanation correction were 0.30, indicating that 30% of the changing (variance) in marital intimacy was related to the predictor variables (differentiation and security). The variance analysis show that the regression model fits well with the predictor and criterion variables and the changes explained by the model are real and not accidental. Analysis of regression coefficients shows that differentiation (= 0.33) and security (= 0.30) are able to predict the criterion variable.Adding the security variable to the model, increased the coefficient of explanation only 7% but this change is significant (P

Purpose:: This study proposes a novel convolutional neural network (CNN) structure in conjunction with classical machine learning models, utilizing the raw electroencephalography (EEG) signal as the input to diagnose attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. The proposed EEG-based approach does not require transformation or artifact rejection techniques. Methods:: In the first step, the suggested method uses raw EEG to train a CNN to diagnose ADHD. Then, the feature maps from different layers of the trained CNN are extracted and used to train some classical classifiers such as support vector machine (SVM), logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), etc. This study benefits from an extended version of a dataset acquired from 61 participants diagnosed with ADHD and 60 individuals in control group, age 7 through 12 years old. Results:: The initial CNN structure (without further use of feature maps) achieved an accuracy of 86.33±2.64% in 5-fold cross-validation scheme on training set, which is superior to results reported in previous studies. However, in order to increase the efficacy of the classifiers we used various feature representations across different CNN layers and after a rigorous evaluation of candidate classifiers, logistic regression provided an accuracy of 91.16±0.03% in training epochs using 5-fold cross-validation scheme and 95.83% in ADHD identification in unseen epochs, were achieved. Also, other metrics such as precision, sensitivity, F1-score and receiver of operating characteristic (ROC) were presented for better comparison of different hybrid methods. Conclusion:: The suggested method for detection of ADHD in children shows high performance in different metrics such as accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, which is superior to previously reported results.

Background: dehydration fever is a common problem during the first week of life. This study aimed to compare the characteristics of neonates with fever due to dehydration and healthy infants. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 324 neonates including 120 neonates with normal body temperature and 204 neonates with fever due to dehydration (hyperthermia) referred to Ghaem Hospital in Mashhad, Iran from 2017 to 2019, using a convenience sampling method and a researcher-made questionnaire. Infants presenting with elevated body temperature and having an axillary temperature above or equal to the rectal temperature and with no clinical or laboratory evidence of infection were considered as fever due to dehydration (case group). Infants who were referred for a routine examination or had jaundice but did not require treatment were considered as controls. Infant characteristic (neonatal age, sex, Apgar score, defecation frequency, the first defecation, breastfeeding frequency, urinary frequency, duration of feeding, birth weight, daily weight loss, daily weight loss percentage, lethargy, irritability, mucosal dryness, status fontanelles, hyperthermia, convulsion, apnea, decreased consciousness and infant hospitalization) and maternal information (age, weight, parity, hospital stay, breast problems, mode of delivery, breastfeeding position, delayed breastfeeding, and pregnancy problems. The data were analyzed using Student’s t-test, Chi-square and SPSS software, version 20 (IBM SPSS, Armonk, NY, USA). Results: In dehydration fever of newborn, admission weight, frequency and duration of feeding, defecation frequency, maternal age were low, but time to first feeding were high (P

Introduction: Sleep disorders are one of the most important problems in patients with diabetes. The most commonly used method for treating sleep disorders is medication therapy. Therefore, it is important to perform an uncomplicated intervention to relieve sleep disorders in these patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of foot reflexology massage on the quality of sleep in women with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Arak city in 2017. Methods: This study was a simple randomized clinical trial performed on 54 women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Patients were randomly divided into control and intervention groups. Before the intervention, Pittsburgh sleep quality questionnaire was completed for both groups. In the intervention group, foot reflexology massage was performed for 8 sessions. After the intervention, sleep quality questionnaire was completed for both patients. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 24 by Mann-Whitney, Chi-square and T-test. Results: Foot reflexology massage improved sleep quality in the intervention group (P0.05). Conclusion: Foot reflexology massage improved the sleep quality of women with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Foot reflexology massage can be used as an effective intervention to improve the quality of sleep in these women.

BackgroundAdipokine leptin plays a crucial role in metabolic and reproductive functions. Leptin receptor has a soluble form that binds to leptin, thus modulating its level in the circulation. It has been indicated that the levels of leptin and leptin receptor and also LEP rs7799039 and LEPR rs1137101 polymorphisms are associated with metabolic disorders. In the present study, we assessed the levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R), and also the frequency of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms in healthy fertile women and patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), inclusive of PCOS-infertile and PCOS-recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) subjects.MethodsA total of 324 PCOS patients- including 199 infertile cases and 125 patients with a history of RPL- and 144 healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Biochemical parameters and plasma leptin and sOB-R levels were measured by ELISA and the genotypes of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms were determined using PCR- RFLP.ResultsPlasma leptin and sOB-R levels were significantly higher and lower in PCOS, PCOS-infertile and PCOS RPL groups, respectively. The GG genotype frequencies of rs7799039 and rs1137101 polymorphisms were significantly different between PCOS-infertile women and non-PCOS subjects (P = 0.043, OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.22-0.97, and P = 0.01, OR = 0.31, 95% CI = 0.12-0.75, respectively). Increased LEP levels were associated with the risk of PCOS and RPL in women with PCOS (P = 0.039, OR = 1.203, 95%CI = [1.009-1.435] and P = 0.012, OR = 1.267, 95% CI = [1.054-1.522], respectively).ConclusionPolymorphisms rs7799039 and rs1137101 and circulating leptin and sOB-R levels were associated with infertility in Iranian women with PCOS. Further studies are needed to reveal the role of leptin in PCOS pathogenesis.

The knowledge of the redshifts of Short-duration Gamma-Ray Bursts (SGRBs) is essential for constraining their cosmic rates and thereby the rates of related astrophysical phenomena, particularly Gravitational Wave Radiation (GWR) events. Many of the events detected by gamma-ray observatories (e.g., BATSE, Fermi, and Swift) lack experimentally measured redshifts. To remedy this, we present and discuss a generic data-driven probabilistic modeling framework to infer the unknown redshifts of SGRBs in the BATSE catalog. We further explain how the proposed probabilistic modeling technique can be applied to newer catalogs of SGRBs and other astronomical surveys to infer the missing data in the catalogs.

This study aimed to investigate dominant predictor components of moral intelligence (MI) based on the Lennick and Kiel's model in students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences (SBMU). In this descriptive-analytical study, 322 students of SBMU were chosen through cluster sampling. To collect data, a 40-item questionnaire, whose validity and reliability was confirmed in previous studies, based on the Lennick and Kiel's model was used. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS 21 software using appropriate descriptive and analytical statistics. Of 322 participants, 180 and 142 were female and male, respectively. The mean age of the participants was 22.30±2.69 years. The study’s regression analysis revealed that the most and the least direct effects were related to the forgiveness (R2=0.320) and compassion (R2=0.284) components, respectively. Among the inspected components, the responsibility component with an overall effect of R2=0.655 was shown to be the strongest predictor component of MI. Universities play a significant role in students’ moral development and enhancement. The present study’s findings suggest that developing strategic plans and interventions can enhance MI level (e.g., incentive systems for individuals maintaining high moral responsibility). Since today’s students will be tomorrow’s medical and healthcare professionals, upgrading of MI level in students studying in various divisions of medical sciences enhances their moral responsibility through setting out strong ethics principles to follow and the quality of care that they will provide to patients, thereby improving health.

We analyzed the introduction sections of a hundred and eighty doctoral dissertations of L1 culture over the last fifty years to discover the change concerning the utilization of interactive markers. Interactive markers are employed by writers to guide the audience throughout the piece. More application of such markers makes the text reader friendly and easy to follow and the less application of them shows the respective writing is constructed to target a more specialized audience. Using Hyland (2005) model of metadiscourse, we analyzed our 262,564 words corpus for hard and soft disciplines in the three time intervals of 1966, 1986, and 2016. Findings of the study confirm that due to the overall lower deployment of interactive markers in the introduction sections of our corpus, the genre is likely meant to be read by community members rather than a general audience of diverse disciplines. No evident disciplinary difference was found except for the overall trend change which is positive and negative respectively in the hard and soft disciplines.

Tourism basically is a social activity, big business and of the most important world's economic sectors which its human-oriented in both supply and demand sides show the importance of studying and considering people' perceptions in its' planning. Despite the importance of this issue only one side's views and perceptions (in particular the supply side) has been paid in most of tourism researches. The present research using IPA method to examine simultaneously the perceptions of local community (as supplier of tourist attractions) and tourists (as demand side) of suleqan's tourism development. Analysis the results of 239 local people and 148 tourists illustrate that among 5 dimensions of economic, social, environmental, physical and public in opinion of local people, economic dimension has the most of importance and performance average. Environmental and public dimensions have greatest amount of difference respectively. Recreational facilities, transportation quality and access to village, tourist guide information, possibility of visiting of the rustic texture and cleanliness of nature have the most amount of difference respectively in view of demand side. Research's results provide valuable information about of supply and demand's perceptions of Suleqan tourism development's current situation.

Background: In this study, the antibacterial effect of the methanolic fraction of Nepeta depauperata against 50 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from burn wound infections of patients who referred to Shahid Motahari hospital of Tehran in 2014 was evaluated.Materials and Methods: All bacterial isolates were confirmed by standard bacteriologic methods. Their resistant to common antibiotics were evaluated by disk diffusion method based on CLSI 2014. The Nepeta depauperata aerial parts were collected from Hormozgan Province and identified. Methanolic extract was prepared by maceration method using percolator apparatus and concentrated by rotary evaporator. The antibacterial activity of methanolic extract were determined by two methods; cup plate diffusion agar for determination the zone diameter of inhibition and microdilution broth for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and further minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC). Statistical analysis was done by SPSS software version 20.Results: The percentage of resistance and susceptibility against nine different kinds of common antibiotic disk showed 83% resistance on average as evaluated by agar disk diffusion (Kirby–Bauer antibiotic test). Also, the mean of inhibition zone diameters has been measured in concentrations of 1000, 500, 250 mg/ml as follow: 12.58, 11.3 and 9.44 mm, respectively by cup plate and the amount of 87.93 and 104.78 mg/ml for MIC and MBC were determined, respectively, using the broth microdilution method. Statistic analysis was done with SPSS verssion19 software.Conclusion: According to the satisfying results of the antibacterial effect of the testing methanolic extract against clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa isolates further in vitro and in vivo studies are recommended.