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Lamellar Keratoplasty Using Acellular Bioengineering Cornea (BioCorneaVet TM) for the Treatment of Feline Corneal Sequestrum: A Retrospective Study of 62 Eyes (2018-2021) OCT showed that the epithelium and lacrimal film were intact, both the graft and cornea remained stable, the corneal edema subsided, and the transition between donor graft and recipient corneal bed could not be seen at the third month post-surgery (Figure 6C). Furthermore, no involvement of conjunctival tissues that would be used in CCT and conjunctival grafts surgery when we only used BioCorneaVet SP TM sp in keratoplasty would not only protect the cornea and surrounding tissues from secondary damage, but also improve the transparency of the cornea post-surgery. A number of surgical methods and materials are currently available for the treatment of such a disorder, including lamellar keratectomy combined with conjunctival grafts [[1]], porcine small intestinal submucosa (BIOSIS) transplantation [[6]], porcine bladder ACell SP ® sp tissue graft transplantation [[8]], corneo-conjunctival transposition (CCT) [[2], [9]], bovine pericardium graft [[10]], cyanoacrylate adhesive [[11]], amniotic membrane transplantation [[12]], and homograft or xenograft corneal transplantation [[13], [15]]. [Extracted from the article]

Redox variations across the Permian‐Triassic boundary (PTB) have long been debated, especially during the proliferation of PTB microbialites. Here, we report redox fluctuations across the PTB to evaluate links between the two based on pyrite framboid analysis from basin to platform settings in South China. During the end‐Permian extinction, abundant framboids indicate a widespread anoxia that was likely a direct cause of extinction. In the earliest Triassic (Hindeodus parvus conodont zone), pyrite framboids were absent in ramp to basin and shallow, nonmicrobialite platform sections. In contrast, the coeval microbialites yield abundant framboids indicative of dysoxia. The fact that framboids were only confined to PTB microbialites and absent in other habitats indicates that microbe bloom may have stimulated dysoxic watermass and triggered the framboid growth within microbe aggregates. Thus, microbialites were not built in reducing settings, but instead, microbial proliferation caused local, dysoxia within shallow oxygenated platforms after the extinction. Plain Language Summary: The widespread occurrence of microbialites immediately after the end‐Permian extinction has attracted interest about their formation conditions. Microbialites are generally believed to be formed during microbial bloom in reducing conditions linked to the mass extinction. However, the cause‐and‐effect relationship between microbe bloom and reducing states of seawater has long been disputed. Our new results based on analyses of 17,306 pyrite framboid diameters and morphologies derived from various Permian‐Triassic boundary sections in South China show that microbialite formation (microbial bloom) was not triggered by reducing waters upwelled from deeper water masses, instead, it caused local, dysoxic areas within oxygenated platforms after the end‐Permian crisis. Key Points: A total of 17,306 pyrite framboids are analyzed in size and morphology from the Permian‐Triassic boundary beds of 26 sections, South ChinaFramboids were absent in ramp to basin and shallow, nonmicrobialite platforms after the extinction, but occurred in coeval microbialitesMicrobe bloom/microbialite growth was not triggered by reducing condition, but stimulated dysoxic water mass and triggered framboid growth [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Permian-Triassic mass extinction severely depleted biodiversity, primarily observed in the body fossil of well-skeletonized animals. Understanding how whole ecosystems were affected and rebuilt following the crisis requires evidence from both skeletonized and soft-bodied animals; the best comprehensive information on soft-bodied animals comes from ichnofossils. We analyzed abundant trace fossils from 26 sections across the Permian-Triassic boundary in China and report key metrics of ichnodiversity, ichnodisparity, ecospace utilization, and ecosystem engineering. We find that infaunal ecologic structure was well established in the early Smithian. Decoupling of diversity between deposit feeders and suspension feeders in carbonate ramp-platform settings implies that an effect of trophic group amensalism could have delayed the recovery of nonmotile, suspension-feeding epifauna in the Early Triassic. This differential reaction of infaunal ecosystems to variable environmental controls thus played a substantial but heretofore little appreciated evolutionary and ecologic role in the overall recovery in the hot Early Triassic ocean.

To retrospectively evaluate the effectiveness and outcome of lamellar keratoplasty using acellular bioengineering cornea (BioCorneaVet TM ) for the treatment of feline corneal sequestrum (FCS). The medical records of cats diagnosed with FCS that underwent lamellar keratoplasty with BioCorneaVet TM between 2018 and 2021 with a minimum of 3 months of follow-up were reviewed. Follow-up examinations were performed weekly for 3 months, and then optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination was performed on select patients at 0, 3, 6, and 12 months post-operatively. A total of 61 cats (30 left eyes and 32 right eyes) were included. The Persian breed was overrepresented, 48/61 (78.69%). Four different thicknesses of acellular bioengineering cornea were used (200, 300, 400, or 450 microns), and the mean graft size was 8.23 mm (range, 5.00-12.00 mm). Minor complications were composed of partial dehiscence, and protrusion of the graft occurred in 7/62 eyes (11.29%). The median postoperative follow-up was 12.00 months (range, 3-41 months). A good visual outcome was achieved in 60/62 eyes (96.77%), and a mild to moderate corneal opacification occurred in 2/62 (3.23%). No recurrence of corneal sequestrum was observed. From the results, lamellar keratoplasty using acellular bioengineering cornea (BioCorneaVet TM ) is an effective treatment for FCS, providing a good tectonic support and natural collagen framework, and resulting in satisfactory visual and cosmetic effects.