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Assessing cognitive demand is crucial for research on self-regulated learning; however, discrepancies in translating essential concepts across languages can hinder the comparison of research findings. Different languages often emphasize various components and interpret certain constructs differently. This paper aims to develop a translingual set of items distinguishing between intentionally invested mental effort and passively perceived mental load as key differentiations of cognitive demand in a broad range of learning situations, as they occur in self-regulated learning. Using a mixed-methods approach, we evaluated the content, criterion, convergent, and incremental validity of this scale in different languages. To establish content validity, we conducted qualitative interviews with bilingual participants who discussed their understanding of mental effort and load. These participants translated and back-translated established and new items from the cognitive-demand literature into English, Dutch, Spanish, German, Chinese, and French. To establish criterion validity, we conducted preregistered experiments using the English, Chinese, and German versions of the scale. Within those experiments, we validated the translated items using established demand manipulations from the cognitive load literature with first-language participants. In a within-subjects design with eight measurements (N = 131), we demonstrated the scale's criterion validity by showing sensitivity to differences in task complexity, extraneous load manipulation, and motivation for complex tasks. We found evidence for convergent and incremental validity shown by medium-size correlations with established cognitive load measures. We offer a set of translated and validated items as a common foundation for translingual research. As best practice, we recommend four items within a reference point evaluation.

The notion of interculturality is complex and polysemous in global research and education. Considering the turbulent times that the world has experienced in recent years, it is increasingly important to confront and enrich this significant scientific notion to make it more inclusive and epistemologically diverse. This paper has two main objectives. First, it reviews the current state of the global literature on the notion of interculturality in education published in English, observing how different ideologies occupy the field--from dominating voices to 'minor' ones which are more glocalized (global + local). On the basis of this review calling for more 'minor' voices to be heard, the core of the paper is based on the analysis of discussions between Chinese students at a specific institution of higher education (a 'minority-serving institution' or Minzu University) in China, where students from the 56 different Minzu groups of China live, study and cooperate together. The glocal ideology of Minzu (often mistranslated as 'ethnic' in English), a form of interculturality, is specific to this context and has not been systematically researched. Three groups of students with different 'Minzu/ethnic', linguistic and study profiles were paired together to discuss what interculturality could mean and entail. Three interrelating layers of discourses were identified through a dialogical discourse analysis of what the students co-constructed together: "glocality, politics" and "philosophy of life for all." In general, the students demonstrated a nuanced understanding of interculturality that intersected partly with global academic discourses of interculturality. Their insights contributed advanced reflections and critical thoughts on the notion, highlighting the need for a collaborative and innovative approach to its understanding and utilization.

Policymakers and educators have increasingly focused on improving public understanding of climate change to prepare people to tackle its causes and impacts. Researchers have joined these efforts by assessing environmental literacy (EL) and climate change literacy (CCL) to inform policies and educational initiatives. This article systematically reviews CCL assessment trends and methods by analyzing papers from Scopus and ScienceDirect. The findings reveal a variety of approaches to defining and measuring CCL. Variations were also observed in the styles of presenting CCL levels. Based on the review, we propose standardizing CCL assessment by defining core and optional domains, aiming to cater to the diverse needs of groups seeking to measure CCL for different purposes. We also suggest that policymakers and educators can glean more nuanced insights from results when CCL levels are measured using three or more proficiency levels. Lastly, we recommend that future studies investigate the CCL-climate action relationship to ensure that CCE programs are designed based on evidence of CCL-climate action connections.

This study examined whether grandparental support is a protective factor for children's socio-emotional development in the context of adversity. Using longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study, we investigated the effects of grandparental support across development in children with and without adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Socio-emotional development was assessed with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire when children were aged 3 years (N = 10,186), 5 years (N = 10,412) and 7 years (N = 10,551). Parent-reported grandparental childcare, coresidence and financial help were assessed and parents reported on the occurrence of five ACEs: physical and emotional abuse assessed with the Straus' Conflict Tactics Scale, parental mental illness assessed with the Kessler scale, domestic violence and parental separation. We found that children with relatively higher levels of ACEs showed more prosocial behaviour and less externalizing problems when they received grandparental care compared to non-grandparental (in)formal care, but only at age 3. By age 7, children with higher levels of ACEs receiving grandparental care showed less prosocial behaviour and more externalizing problems. In addition, grandparental financial support at age 3 was related to more externalizing problems. Post-hoc analyses showed that internalizing and externalizing behaviours at age 5 were related to an increased probability of grandparental childcare at age 7, indicating that children's socio-emotional problems trigger grandparental support. Our findings point to a protective effect of grandparental care on children's socio-emotional development at age 3. Our results highlight the importance of going beyond the nuclear family towards the impact of the wider family network when examining children's socio-emotional development.

The need for cooling in buildings is mainly handled using systems based on the refrigeration cycle, often an energy- and cost-intensive process. High thermal mass radiant systems (HTMR) enable the use of warmer than typical chilled water temperatures to provide cooling. In favorable weather conditions, the cooled water can be produced through low-energy and low-cost cooling devices. In this two-phased study, we first determined the warmest supply water temperature (SWT) needed in HTMR that maintains thermally comfortable conditions on the cooling design day. Then, we investigated the potential of replacing the refrigeration cycle with evaporative cooling devices in the primary cooling system. We performed a quasi-random sampling of building and HTMR system design parameters representing typical building characteristics and design cooling loads for lighting, people, and plug loads to create 360,900 single zone EnergyPlus models. We iteratively simulated the models on the climate zones’ cooling design day to find the warmest SWT that did not exceed a maximum zone operative temperature of 26 °C. The test cases include simulations using 14 ASHRAE and 16 California climate zones. The results show that HTMR can use SWT of 12.3, 18.2, and 21.1 °C for the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile, respectively, of test cases, indicating that overall cooling energy and costs can be reduced in all US climates through high-temperature cooling. In addition, high-temperature cooling allows at least 40% of waterside economizer operation during the cooling season for 21 out of 30 climate zones with reasonably performing evaporative cooling devices.

INTRODUCTION: Heavy alcohol use has the potential to derail progress towards UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets for countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Within couples, alcohol use is closely linked with factors such as intimate partner violence and economic insecurity and can result in poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and HIV clinical outcomes. We hypothesise that a combined economic and relationship intervention for couples that builds on the prior success of standalone economic and relationship-strengthening interventions will be efficacious for improving HIV clinical outcomes and reducing alcohol use. The synergy of these interventions has not been assessed in SSA-specifically among people living with HIV who drink alcohol. To test this hypothesis, we will test Mlambe, an economic and relationship-strengthening intervention, found to be feasible and acceptable in a pilot study in Malawi. We will conduct a full-scale, randomised controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of Mlambe. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will enrol 250 adult married couples having at least one partner living with HIV and reporting heavy alcohol use. There will be two arms: Mlambe or an enhanced usual care control arm. Couples in the Mlambe arm will receive incentivised matched savings accounts and monthly sessions on financial literacy, relationship skills, and alcohol reduction education and counselling. Participants will be assessed at baseline, 11 months, 15 months and 20 months to examine effects on heavy alcohol use, HIV viral suppression, ART adherence and couple relationship dynamics. Study hypotheses will be tested using multilevel regression models, considering time points and treatment arms. Programmatic costs will be ascertained throughout the study and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios will be computed for each arm. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The RCT has been approved by the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) (Human Research Protection Program; Protocol Number 23-40642), and the study has been approved by the National Health Sciences Research Committee (NHSRC; Protocol Number 24/05/4431) in Malawi. Adverse events and remedial actions will be reported to authorities both in Malawi and at UCSF. Results will be disseminated to study participants, local health officials and HIV policy makers and through presentations at conferences and publications in peer-reviewed journals. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ClinicalTrials.gov Protocol Registration; NCT06367348 registered on 19 April 2024; https://register. CLINICALTRIALS: gov/. Protocol Version 1.0: 22 October 2024.

PURPOSE: To design and build a new disease registry to track the natural history and outcomes of approved gene therapy in patients with inherited retinal diseases. METHODS: A core committee of six members was convened to oversee the construction of the Fight Inherited Retinal Blindness! module. A further 11 experts formed a steering committee, which discussed disease classification and variables to form minimum datasets using a consensus approach. RESULTS: The web-based Fight Inherited Retinal Blindness! registry records baseline demographic, clinical, and genetic data together with follow-up data. The Human Phenotype Ontology and Monarch Disease Ontology nomenclature were incorporated within the Fight Inherited Retinal Blindness! architecture to standardize nomenclature. The registry software assigns individual diagnoses to one of seven broad phenotypic groups, with minimum datasets dependent on the broad phenotypic group. In addition, minimum datasets were agreed on for patients undergoing approved gene therapy with voretigene neparvovec (Luxturna). New patient entries can be completed in 5 minutes, and follow-up data can be entered in 2 minutes. CONCLUSION: Fight Inherited Retinal Blindness! is an organized, web-based system that uses observational study methods to collect uniform data from patients with inherited retinal disease to track natural history and (uniquely) treatment outcomes. It is free to users who have control over their data.

Retinal diseases often lead to degeneration of specific retinal cell types with currently limited therapeutic options to replace the lost neurons. Previous studies have reported that overexpression of ASCL1 or combinations of proneural factors in Müller glia (MG) induce regeneration of functional neurons in the adult mouse retina. Recently, we applied the same strategy in dissociated cultures of fetal human MG and although we stimulated neurogenesis from MG, our effect in 2D cultures was modest and our analysis of newborn neurons was limited. In this study, we aimed to improve our MG reprogramming strategy in a more intact retinal environment. For this purpose, we used an in vitro culture system of human fetal retinal tissue and adult human postmortem retina. To stimulate reprogramming, we used lentiviral vectors to deliver constructs with a glial-specific promoter (HES1) driving ASCL1 alone or in combination with additional developmental transcription factors (TFs) such as ATOH1 and NEUROD1. Combining IHC, scRNA-seq, and electrophysiology, we show that human MG can generate new neurons even in adults. This work constitutes a key step toward a future clinical application of this regenerative medicine approach for retinal degenerative disorders.

IntroductionTuberculosis (TB) preventive treatment (TPT) is recommended for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in high TB burden settings. While 6 months of daily isoniazid remains widely used, shorter regimens are now available. However, little is known about preferences of PLHIV for key features of TPT regimens.MethodsFrom July to November 2022, we conducted a discrete choice experiment among adult PLHIV engaged in care at an urban HIV clinic in Kampala, Uganda. Participants chose between two hypothetical TPT regimens with five different features (pills per dose, frequency, duration, need for adjusted antiretroviral therapy [ART] dosage and side effects), organized across nine random choice tasks. We analysed preferences using hierarchical Bayesian estimation, latent class analysis and willingness-to-trade simulations.ResultsOf 400 PLHIV, 392 (median age 44, 72% female, 91% TPT-experienced) had high-quality choice task responses. Pills per dose was the most important attribute (relative importance 32.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 31.6-33.2), followed by frequency (20.5% [95% CI 19.7-21.3]), duration (19.5% [95% CI 18.6-20.5]) and need for ART dosage adjustment (18.2% [95% CI 17.2-19.2]). Latent class analysis identified three preference groups: one prioritized less frequent, weekly dosing (N = 222; 57%); another was averse to ART dosage adjustment (N = 107; 27%); and the last prioritized short regimens with fewer side effects (N = 63; 16%). All groups highly valued fewer pills per dose. Overall, participants were willing to accept a regimen of 2.8 months' additional duration [95% CI: 2.4-3.2] to reduce pills per dose from five to one, 3.6 [95% CI 2.4-4.8] months for weekly rather than daily dosing and 2.2 [95% CI 1.3-3.0] months to avoid ART dosage adjustment.ConclusionsTo align with preferences of PLHIV in Uganda, decision-makers should prioritize the development and implementation of TPT regimens with fewer pills, less frequent dosing and no need for ART dosage adjustment, rather than focus primarily on duration of treatment.

BackgroundShort-course tuberculosis (TB) prevention regimens, including 12 weeks of isoniazid and rifapentine (3HP), are increasingly used in high-TB-burden countries. Despite established safety and tolerability in efficacy trials, 3HP-related adverse events (AEs) could differ in routine settings. Real-world data on AE type, frequency, and timing are crucial for health systems considering 3HP programmatic scale-up.MethodsWe reviewed AEs among people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) participating in a pragmatic implementation trial of facilitated 3HP taken by directly observed therapy (DOT) or self-administered therapy (SAT) in Kampala, Uganda, and classified them using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. We assessed AE timing and summarized related clinical actions including laboratory tests, diagnoses made, medications prescribed, and treatment interruptions.ResultsAmong 1655 people with HIV treated between July 2020 and September 2022, 270 (16.3%) reported 451 events; main issues included general (7%), nervous system (6%), musculoskeletal (5%), gastrointestinal (5%), and dermatologic (3%) disorders. Most (61%) occurred within 6 weeks of initiating 3HP. Among those with events, 211 (78%) required further clinician evaluation, 202 (75%) required laboratory testing, 102 (38%) had medications prescribed, 40 (15%) had treatment paused, and 14 (5%) discontinued 3HP. Women, those multidimensionally impoverished, and DOT recipients were more likely to report an AE. SAT users and later enrollees were more likely to have 3HP interrupted or stopped due to an AE.ConclusionsIn a routine setting, 3HP was safe, with 16% of people with HIV reporting AEs and only 3% requiring temporary or permanent treatment interruption. These findings support 3HP expansion in routine HIV/AIDS care settings for TB prevention. Clinical Trials Registration. NCT03934931.

This longitudinal, mixed-methods study reports on the development and implementation of an early phonological awareness screening and intervention program for struggling emergent readers in a French immersion school in Manitoba. The program was created by a professional learning community made up of the school administrator, teachers, and clinical support staff. This paper describes the process of developing the phonological awareness program and the intervention itself. Forty-two children participated in the phonological awareness intervention that lasted 10 weeks. The intervention was given in English in kindergarten. Significant gains were found in the phonological awareness skills of the children who participated in the intervention. Results also indicated that children's phonological awareness skills in English predicted their French reading levels in Grade 1. In addition, we provide insight into the roles played by key members of the school's PLC through qualitative analysis of a series of semi-structured interviews. The work of the school's professional learning community offers a model that may be implemented by other school teams to promote equity and accessibility for all learners in FI programs.

There is empirical evidence on the factors influencing students' understanding of various subjects in higher educational institutions. However, there is a deficit in studies about the link between teacher knowledge and teaching methods on students' understanding of corporate governance course. Thus, this study investigates whether students' understanding of corporate governance in Ghanaian universities is related to teacher knowledge and teaching methods. This study adopts quantitative approach and cross-sectional design to collect from 1,050 sampled students from three public universities in Ghana. We use descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation techniques to analyse the data. The results show that there is a significant positive correlation between teacher knowledge and students' understanding of corporate governance. Furthermore, teaching methods have significant positive correlation with students' understanding of corporate governance. This study has provided a conceptual framework that indicates how teacher knowledge and teaching methods may relate to students' understanding of corporate governance in higher education from the perspective of a developing country. Additionally, this study shows that to promote students' comprehension of corporate governance, there must an understanding of how teacher knowledge and teaching methods can overlap to address the challenges confronting governance education in developing countries.

Background Study: Peer feedback has been used as an effective instructional strategy to enhance students' learning in higher education. Objectives: This paper reports on the findings of an explorative study that aimed to increase our understanding of the nature and role of peer feedback in the students' learning process in a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) setting. Exploring what types of feedback are used, and how they relate to each other and are related to academic performance has important implications for students and teachers. Methods: This study was conducted in the higher education setting. It used a dataset consisting of student peer feedback messages (N = 2444) and grades from 231 students who participated in a large engineering course. Using qualitative methods, peer feedback was coded inductively. Epistemic network analysis (ENA) was used to analyse the relation between peer feedback types and performance. Results: Based on the five types of peer feedback (i.e., 'management', 'cognition' 'affect', 'interpersonal factors' and 'suggestions for improvements'), the results of the ENA showed that student feedback categories 'management', 'cognition' and 'affect' were positively related to student performance at the formative assessment phase. Conclusions: The findings and the ENA visualizations also show that 'suggestions for improvement' and 'interpersonal factors' were not a significant part of student learning in peer assessment and feedback in the studied context.

Young adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) on college campuses are vulnerable to exclusion and a lack of social participation. However, peers can provide meaningful supports to young adults with IDD in the area of social/communication skills. The purpose of this study was to enhance the conversation skills of four young adults with IDD (ages 22-23) during their regular lunch breaks on a university campus. The dependent variable was percent of conversational engagement during 10-min audio recorded sessions as measured using partial interval recording procedures. Typically developing peers served as peer coaches and provided structured or natural supports. Experiment 1 used an alternating treatments design to compare the effects of peer coaching alone vs. peer coaching + goal setting with two adjacent baseline conditions and a final student-choice condition. Results for Experiment 1 indicated peer coaching alone and the additive effects of goal setting was more effective than natural supports only. Experiment 2 used a withdrawal design to compare the effects of young adults with IDD speaking with fellow classmates with disabilities vs. peers without disabilities. Participants in Experiment 2 demonstrated higher levels of conversational engagement when speaking with peers without disabilities in a natural manner. Social validity of the different peer-mediated interventions was overall high for all participant types as reported on questionnaires and exit interviews. We provide implications for practice and suggestions for future research related to peer-mediated interventions for young adults with IDD on college and university campuses.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the types of spelling errors made by children with mild to moderate hearing loss (CMMHL) compared with children with typical hearing (TH) and to determine if types of spelling errors were related to linguistic or audiologic factors. CMMHL and TH completed measures of spelling, spoken language, speech production, and reading. Children's spellings were coded for linguistic-based spelling errors using the Multilinguistic Coding System. The relation of types of linguistic spelling errors and children's performance on standardized language assessments, as well as audiologic factors, was evaluated. CMMHL did not make more spelling errors than TH; however, they exhibited a higher proportion of phonological awareness errors and a lower proportion of mental grapheme representation errors in their spellings. Phonological awareness errors and mental grapheme representation errors were related to relevant linguistic performance. Better-ear pure-tone average was related to total frequency of spelling errors and phonological awareness spelling errors, and better-ear Speech Intelligibility Index (SII) was related to semantic knowledge spelling errors. This study supports the use of linguistic spelling error analysis with CMMHL and provides evidence of the relation of types of linguistic spelling errors to linguistic knowledge and audiologic factors.

Telehealth can expand and enhance access to school-based health care, but its use has been relatively limited. Recognizing that school-based health care is still not reaching many students, the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) funded the School Based Telehealth Network Grant Program to expand telehealth in rural school-based settings to help to increase the availability and use of these services. The 19 grantees delivered telehealth to over 200 schools across 17 states, choosing which services they would deliver and how. Looking across the services, these fell into three categories -- primary/urgent care, behavioral health, and other more specialized services. The majority of grantees offered multiple telehealth services with the combination of behavioral health and primary/urgent care the most common. The current study adds to the literature by elucidating that telehealth in schools can address multiple clinical conditions through separate services even though doing so involves using various combinations of clinicians providing different services.

BackgroundLeadership skills are essential for middle-level healthcare manager efficacy. Capacity-building efforts may attempt behavioural change by filling 'knowledge gaps' while neglecting a sustainable application of that knowledge. Sustainable application of that knowledge, or implementation know-how, must resonate with local cultural patterns. When it is neglected, root issues like unclear decision-making space and local authority to interpret policy during implementation remain unaddressed. Particularly in decentralized healthcare systems, the impact can appear in implementation challenges, subjective decision-making, poor teamwork, and an absence of disseminating best practices.ObjectivesThe SEARCH-IPT trial led a series of mini-collaborative meetings, which provided business leadership and management training for an intervention group of mid-level healthcare system managers in rural Eastern, East-Central, and Southwestern Uganda to see whether this would increase uptake of isoniazid-prevention therapy (IPT) for people living with HIV (PLHIV) in intervention districts. IPT is known to reduce active tuberculosis (TB), a leading cause of death among PLHIV, by 40-60%.MethodsWe performed a thematic analysis of six focus-group discussions from this intervention (held in May 2019, January 2020, September 2021) and 23 key informant interviews with control group participants (between February and August 2019 and September and December 2020).ResultsAnalysis revealed five implementation skill sets District Health Officers (DHOs) and District Tuberculosis and Leprosy Supervisors (DTLSs) deployed to achieve sustainable implementation and realize their decision-making space. The five practices were as follows: data-based decision-making, root-cause analysis, quality assurance, evidence-based empowerment, and sharing best practices with colleagues.ConclusionThese practices reached beyond outcome measures to address root problems around the DHO's range of authority and elicit buy-in from district health workers. For successful capacity building at the mid-manager level, focusing on core practices as part of competency is objectively implementable and measurable at the system level and does not rely on DHO self-assessments.

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure can induce immune system pathology via epigenetic modification, affecting pregnancy outcomes. Our study investigated the association between PM2.5 exposure and immune response, as well as epigenetic changes using high-dimensional epigenetic landscape profiling using cytometry by time-of-flight (EpiTOF) at the single cell. We found statistically significant associations between PM2.5 exposure and levels of certain cytokines [interleukin-1RA (IL-1RA), IL-8/CXCL8, IL-18, and IL-27)] and histone posttranslational modifications (HPTMs) in immune cells (HPTMs: H3K9ac, H3K23ac, H3K27ac, H2BK120ub, H4K20me1/3, and H3K9me1/2) among pregnant and nonpregnant women. The cord blood of neonates with high maternal PM2.5 exposure showed lower IL-27 than those with low exposure. Furthermore, PM2.5 exposure affects the co-modification profiles of cytokines between pregnant women and their neonates, along with HPTMs in each immune cell type between pregnant and nonpregnant women. These modifications in specific histones and cytokines could indicate the toxicological mechanism of PM2.5 exposure in inflammation, inflammasome pathway, and pregnancy complications.

BACKGROUND: Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD), a rare autosomal recessive multisystemic disorder, substantially impacts patients day-to-day activities, outcomes, and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The PROPEL trial compared cipaglucosidase alfa plus miglustat (cipa+mig) with alglucosidase alfa plus placebo (alg+pbo) in adult patients with LOPD over 52 weeks and showed improved motor and respiratory function in patients switching treatment from standard-of-care enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) to cipa+mig at baseline. This study evaluated the impact of cipa+mig on patient-reported outcomes (PROs), including HRQoL in ERT-experienced patients, using data from PROPEL. METHODS: PROs evaluated included the Subjects Global Impression of Change (SGIC), Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Physical Function Short Form 20a, PROMIS Fatigue Short Form 8a, Rasch-built Pompe-specific Activity (R-PAct), and European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions 5 Response Levels (EQ-5D-5L). The proportions of responders in the cipa+mig arm and the alg+pbo arm were compared via chi-squared or Fishers exact test (patient-level responder analysis), and least squares (LS) mean differences were calculated for change from baseline at Week 52 of the PRO measures (group-level analysis). RESULTS: At Week 52, patient-level SGIC responder and group-level SGIC analyses favored cipa+mig compared with alg+pbo across all SGIC domains (e.g. 90 vs. 59% responders in the cipa+mig vs. the alg+pbo group for SGIC ability to move around; P = 0.0005; and LS mean difference 0.385; P = 0.02). Similarly, PROMIS Physical Function and Fatigue domains numerically favored cipa+mig in both analyses (e.g. 50 vs. 40% responders in the cipa+mig vs. alg+pbo arm for PROMIS Physical Function; P = 0.37; and LS mean difference 3.1; P = 0.11). R-PAct for both treatment groups was similar in the patient-level responder analysis, but numerically favored alg+pbo in the group-level analysis (35% responders in both arms; P = 0.95; and LS mean difference -0.8; P = 0.48). Self-care, usual activities, and depression/anxiety domains of EQ-5D-5L numerically favored cipa+mig in both analyses (e.g. 20 vs. 12% responders in the cipa+mig vs. alg+pbo arm for EQ-5D-5L self-care; P = 0.54; and LS mean difference -0.108; P = 0.52). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, switching treatment from alglucosidase alfa to cipa+mig positively impacted PRO measurements during the double-blind period of PROPEL. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT03729362; Registration date: November 1, 2018; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03729362.

This study investigated posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence among a sample of intimate partner violence (IPV) survivors (n  =  77) who filed for restraining orders in rural Louisiana during the COVID-19 pandemic. IPV survivors were individually interviewed to assess their self-reported levels of perceived stress, resilience, potential PTSD, COVID-19-related experiences, and sociodemographic characteristics. Data were analyzed to differentiate group membership between two groups; non-PTSD and probable PTSD. Results suggest the probable PTSD group had lower levels of resilience and higher levels of perceived stress compared to the non-PTSD group. Findings suggest the importance of providing services during disaster to reduce PTSD for IPV survivors.