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Cryptographic algorithms and functions should possess some of the important functional requirements such as: non-linearity, resiliency, propagation and immunity. Several previous studies were executed to analyze these characteristics of the cryptographic functions specifically for Boolean and symmetric functions. Randomness is a requirement in present cryptographic algorithms and therefore, Symmetric Random Function Generator (SRFG) has been developed. In this paper, we have analysed SRFG based on propagation feature and immunity. Moreover, NIST recommended statistical suite has been tested on SRFG outputs. The test values show that SRFG possess some of the useful randomness properties for cryptographic applications such as individual frequency in a sequence and block-based frequency, long run of sequences, oscillations from 0 to 1 or vice-versa, patterns of bits, gap bits between two patterns, and overlapping block bits. We also analyze the comparison of SRFG and some existing random number generators. We observe that SRFG is efficient for cryptographic operations in terms of propagation and immunity features.

Let G = (V, E) be a graph, where D is a subset of V, such that the set of vertices in the set (V-D) is adjacent to at least one vertex in set D. Then, set D is known as the domination set. In other words, a dominating set in graph G is a set of vertices S, such that every vertex in the graph either belongs to S or is adjacent to at least one vertex in S. In this paper, we investigate the domination number for some different types of graphs like antiprism graph An, alternate pentagonal snake A(PSn), cycle with one chord, and m-copies of cycle Cn with one chord. The domination number is frequently employed in computer science for tasks such as to optimize network design, algorithm design, security analysis, etc. Complex computational and network related challenges can be solved by domination number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative Pre-Trained Transformer (GPT) models excel in text generation, text compilation, and language-related tasks. ChatGPT is based on the GPT model that responds to queries and has human-like conversational capabilities. This includes writing posts for social media, software codes, emails and essays, etc. We tried to use ChatGPT for creating a research paper summary. During our experimentation using ChatGPT, we found that ChatGPT cannot directly read links or URLs, as it is trained on a large amount of text data. Research paper summarization is essential in academics. Hence to solve this problem of research paper summarization using ChatGPT, a software system was designed. In this paper, we present how the capability of ChatGPT could be enhanced to summarize pdfs when a URL is provided. Furthermore, the generated summary can be modified in different styles of writing such as creative, expanded, shortened, and professional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) on macular perfusion using optical coherence tomography-angiography (OCT-A) in eyes with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) by assessing the vessel density (VD) and the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) of the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and the deep capillary plexus (DCP), before and after PRP. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Prospective interventional study. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-nine eyes of 17 patients with PDR underwent a measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and were imaged using OCT and OCT-A at baseline and 6-months of follow-up. Patients received three sittings of PRP using frequency-doubled neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet laser. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The OCT-A variables were analyzed using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS: BCVA was unchanged at 6-months follow-up (P = 0.09). FAZ of SCP and DCP (P = 0.28 and 0.89, respectively), VD at foveal SCP (P = 0.08), foveal DCP (P = 0.05), parafoveal SCP (P = 0.13), and parafoveal DCP (P = 0.07) showed no statistically significant difference at 6 months post PRP. CONCLUSIONS: OCT-A parameters were not significantly affected by PRP at 6-months follow-up indicating no alteration in macular perfusion. Further analyses with larger samples and longer duration are warranted to confirm our results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fiber-Wireless (Fi-Wi) networks play a crucial role in broadband wireless communication. A hybrid Fi-Wi architecture integrating Optical Code Division Multiple Access (OCDMA) based Next-Generation Passive Optical Network (NGPON) with Long Term Evolution (LTE) is proposed that can provide a higher capacity to the mobile end users, thereby achieving scalability and mobility. Maximal length sequence (M-sequence) codes of code length 31 used can support six users. A simulation study is carried out for the proposed integrated architecture considering multiple users and multiple services, and the performance is analyzed in terms of the received Bit Error Rate (BER) and Error Vector Magnitude (EVM) values. A high capacity of 160 Gbps and a spectral efficiency of 2–4 bps/Hz are achieved for the multi-user and multi-service links with six users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text is a preface to the proceedings of the Second Computing Congress, which took place in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India on December 28-29, 2023. The congress featured papers and presentations on various topics, including intelligent systems, industry 4.0 technologies, electronic devices and control systems, applied computing in engineering, and engineering for sustainable development. The proceedings include contributions from researchers, scholars, and professionals from India, the USA, the UAE, China, Peru, Malta, the UK, and Australia. The preface also acknowledges the keynote speakers and members of the technical program committee. [Extracted from the article]

Ternary content addressable memory (TCAM) is a high‐speed memory employed in network search engines which consume significant power. Many authors have provided efficient power solutions by proposing different match line schemes. This study proposes the use of energy recovering adiabatic logic scheme in the design of power‐efficient TCAM. Two different innovative quasi‐adiabatic TCAM (QATCAM) core cells are designed. The design is implemented in 180 nm complementary metal‐oxide semiconductor technology with a power clock of 1.8 V on Cadence Virtuoso. It is found that the power dissipated by the proposed QATCAM cells is lower than its conventional counterparts. Adiabatic TCAM arrays are designed using adiabatic peripheral circuits. The proposed adiabatic TCAM core cells yield more considerable power savings even at higher frequencies up to 1 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Engineering Proceedings journal has published a statement of peer review for a specific volume of conference proceedings. The volume editors of the proceedings have certified that all the papers in this volume have undergone a double-blind review process conducted by expert referees. The review process involved 92 submissions, with 24 being accepted, resulting in an acceptance rate of 26.1%. On average, each paper received 2 reviews, with a total of 31 reviewers involved. The review process also included the use of a plagiarism checker. The authors of the statement declare no conflicts of interest. [Extracted from the article]

This communication presents the design, fabrication, and testing of a tunable band-notched UWB filtering antenna. The proposed filtering antenna comprises a semiellipsoid radiator and a microstrip transmission line to cover the UWB communication bandwidth from 3.1 to 10.6 GHz. It also comprises two J-shaped open-ended stubs and an asymmetric T-shaped open-ended stub to create notch bands at 3.5 GHz (WiMAX), 5.2 GHz, and 5.8 GHz (WLAN) in the UWB spectrum. The center frequencies of the notch band are tuned continuously using varactors with percentage tuning of 7.5%, 5.38%, and 3.54%. The prototype is fabricated and experimentally validated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, paper-based SWB fractal monopole antenna is presented. A miniaturized SWB monopole, which deploys a fractal radiator, is the smallest reported paper-based SWB monopole antenna to date. It is shown that fractal made of iterations of a flower shaped slot inside a circular metallic patch provides a successful method of reducing size while retaining or enhancing antenna performance. This paper presents the design of SWB monopole antenna for flexible applications and is validated for UWB applications. The proposed antenna has a wide impedance bandwidth (-10 dB bandwidth) from 3.3 GHz to frequency over 30 GHz. The aforementioned antenna with a compact size 18 mm × 24 mm is designed and fabricated on a paper substrate of 0.5 mm thickness. The main features like environment friendly, flexibility, green electronics applications and low cost of fabrication are the key factors for this proposed antenna. The proposed antenna has a 14-dB bandwidth from 3.9 GHz to 13.1 GHz, which is suitable for UWB outdoor propagation. Bending measurements have been performed to validate the flexibility of the prototype under extremely bent condition of bent radius 10 mm. The possible applications cover WLAN, C-band, Ku-band, K-band operations, WiMAX and ISM band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this manuscript, a novel uniplanar monopole antenna for Tablet computer application is proposed. Multiband resonance is obtained by introducing multiple radiating branches and meandered stubs connected to the main monopole. Further, the impedance bandwidth of the operating bands is enhanced by introducing coupled parasitic stubs in the ground plane. The antenna has impedance bandwidth of 20 MHz (0.45-0.47 GHz), 270 MHz (0.69-0.96 GHz), 2370 MHz (1.43-3.8 GHz), 1600 MHz (4.9-6.5 GHz) for LTE 450/700/2300/2500 MHz, GPS, WLAN, Bluetooth applications, WiMAX and Wi-Fi applications. The size reduction of the proposed antenna is 60% compared to existing antenna solutions for tablet devices. The percentage bandwidth of the antenna is 4.35/34.2/90.6/23.2% for the four operating bands, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained gain of the antenna is greater than 1.8 dBi with peak gain of 5.65 dBi, and the efficiency is greater than 75%. The proposed antenna is tested on the mock-up system consisting of large ground plane of dimension 200 × 150 mm. The antenna is fabricated, and the measured results are compared with simulated results. The SAR is computed and found to be less than 1.6 W/Kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to evaluate the incidence and risk factors for vitreous rebleed (VRB) following 25-gauge sutureless vitrectomy for vitreous hemorrhage (VH) in diabetic retinopathy.Methods: A retrospective review of 190 diabetic patients having undergone vitrectomy for VH at a tertiary eye care center was analyzed. Demographic data of patients along with risk factors such as blood sugar levels (BSL), blood pressure (BP), anticoagulant use, and pan-retinal photocoagulation status (PRP) were tabulated. Depending on the commencement of VRB, patients were divided into immediate rebleed-within 2 weeks and delayed rebleed-beyond 2-4 weeks.Results: Forty-one patients had VRB, out of which 18 patients had immediate VRB and 23 patients had delayed VRB. The average duration between vitrectomy and VRB was 3.28 months. Twenty-eight patients were male and 13 were females. Average age at presentation was 53.8 years. Thirty-four patients (82.9%) were found to have high BSL and 28 patients (68.3%) had high BP and they developed rebleed (P < 0.01) after an initial hemorrhage-free period (average = 5.15 months). Fifteen patients (36.6%) underwent first time PRP intraoperatively, and they had immediate rebleed (P < 0.01) without any hemorrhage-free period (average = 0.9 months). Eight patients (19.5%) were on perioperative anticoagulants; however, their statistical significance did not persist in the multivariable model. There were neither age nor gender predilection toward rebleed (P > 0.05).Conclusion: The incidence rate of VRB was found to be 21.6%. Age and gender did not contribute to rebleed. Intraoperative PRP was a risk factor for immediate rebleed. Poor glycemic and BP control was a risk factor for delayed rebleed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 6‑year‑old male child presented with blindness, who was born to a nonconsanguineous marriage with uneventful perinatal period. Topics discussed include the examination of the anterior segment and fundus of the eye; the diagnosis of anterior visual pathway aplasia in the patient; and the use of visual evoked potential (VEP) in the patient.

Playas are the dominant wetland type on the Southern High Plains of Texas and capture runoff during periods of heavy rainfall. Observing the hydrologic functions of playas is important to evaluate their ecological services, which include encouragement of species biodiversity and recharge of the underlying High Plains (Ogallala) Aquifer. Ten pairs of playas were chosen in 10 counties on the Texas Southern High Plains. Each pair included 1 playa surrounded by natural grassland (not in the Natural Resources Conservation Service's Conservation Reserve Program) and 1 playa surrounded by cultivated cropland. Instrumentation at each playa allowed calculation of changes in free water evaporation and water stored over time during the hydroperiods, defined as continuous durations of surface water storage in the playa basins, caused by one or more rainfall events that generated sufficient runoff flows to reach and fill the playas. A water budget model calculated daily infiltration flux through the playa bottoms. Six cropland playas and 3 grassland playas had significant hydroperiods with associated consistent instrumentation operation during the 6-year study across the years 2005 to 2011. The average observed infiltration flux rates were approximately 10 millimeters/day (range 2 to 20 millimeters/day) and 3 millimeters/day (range 1 to 5 millimeters/day) for the cropland and grassland playas, respectively. The preliminary results may be influenced by the presence of eroded sediments from the surrounding cropland, but more runoff events are needed to differentiate between the impacts of playa floor soils and variations in rainfall and playa watershed characteristics that contribute to the hydroperiods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 60-year-old female came to our hospital with defective vision due to persistent diabetic macular edema and was treated with intravitreal ozurdex implant in the right eye. Three days later, the patient presented with diminution of vision, ocular pain, congestion, and hypopyon with no fundus view. B-scan ultrasonography showed vitritis, and diagnosis of endophthalmitis was made. Subsequently, 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy was performed along with intravitreal vancomycin and amikacin and removal of implant. On culture, there was growth of coagulase-negative staphylococcus which was resistant to ofloxacin antibiotic. A week following treatment, there was significant improvement in the patient's sign and symptoms with improvement in vision. Our case demonstrated that acute endophthalmitis can occur following dexamethasone intravitreal implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silicon nanowire embedded dual-core pentagonal photonic crystal fiber (PCF)-based polarization-independent wavelength splitter is proposed. The proposed PCF structure is analyzed using the finite element method. The wavelength splitting behavior of the PCF is investigated using the coupled-mode theory. The structural parameters of the PCF are optimized to achieve a coupling length ratio of 2. For the proposed PCF of length 102 μm, the cross-talk (CT) of −48.27 and −61.54 dB and CT bandwidth of 29.3 and 37.7 nm at 1.3 and 1.55 μm for X-polarization mode is achieved. However, the proposed PCF of length 115.5 μm attained the CT of −42.83 and −46.74 dB and CT bandwidth of 27.6 and 34.5 nm at 1.3 and 1.55 μm, respectively for Y-polarization mode. The polarization-independent wavelength splitter is achieved with the proposed PCF of length 108.75 μm. The proposed PCF-based wavelength splitter will be an inevitable candidate for integrated optical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]