202 results on '"Garavelli L"'
Search Results
2. Congenital Heart Defects: 15 Years of Experience of the Emilia-Romagna Registry (Italy)
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Calzolari, E., Garani, G., Cocchi, G., Magnani, C., Rivieri, F., Neville, A., Astolfi, G., Baroncini, A., Garavelli, L., Gualandi, F., Scorrano, M., and Bosi, G.
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- 2003
3. Reconstruction of larval origins based on genetic relatedness and biophysical modeling
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Segura-García, I., Garavelli, L., Tringali, M., Matthews, T., Chérubin, L. M., Hunt, J., and Box, S. J.
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- 2019
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4. Prematurity, ventricular septal defect and dysmorphisms are independent predictors of pathogenic copy number variants: a retrospective study on array-CGH results and phenotypical features of 293 children with neurodevelopmental disorders and/or multiple congenital anomalies
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Maini, I., Ivanovski, I., Djuric, O., Caraffi, S. G., Errichiello, E., Marinelli, M., Franchi, F., Bizzarri, V., Rosato, S., Pollazzon, M., Gelmini, C., Malacarne, M., Fusco, C., Gargano, G., Bernasconi, S., Zuffardi, O., and Garavelli, L.
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- 2018
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5. Expanding the clinical spectrum of the ‘HDAC8-phenotype’ – implications for molecular diagnostics, counseling and risk prediction
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Parenti, I., Gervasini, C., Pozojevic, J., Wendt, K. S., Watrin, E., Azzollini, J., Braunholz, D., Buiting, K., Cereda, A., Engels, H., Garavelli, L., Glazar, R., Graffmann, B., Larizza, L., Lüdecke, H. J., Mariani, M., Masciadri, M., Pié, J., Ramos, F. J., Russo, S., Selicorni, A., Stefanova, M., Strom, T. M., Werner, R., Wierzba, J., Zampino, G., Gillessen-Kaesbach, G., Wieczorek, D., and Kaiser, F. J.
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- 2016
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6. Modeling the dispersal of Cape hake ichthyoplankton
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Garavelli, L., Grüss, A., Grote, B., Chang, N., Smith, M., Verley, P., Stenevik, E. K., Kaplan, D. M., and Lett, C.
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- 2012
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7. Mandibuloacral Dysplasia Type A in Childhood
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Garavelli, L., DʼApice, M. R., Rivieri, F., Bertoli, M., Wischmeijer, A., Gelmini, C., De Nigris, V., Albertini, E., Rosato, S., Virdis, R., Bacchini, E., Dal Zotto, R., Banchini, G., Iughetti, L., Bernasconi, S., Superti-Furga, A., and Novelli, G.
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- 2009
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8. Mowat–Wilson Syndrome: Facial Phenotype Changing With Age: Study of 19 Italian Patients and Review of the Literature
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Garavelli, L., Zollino, M., Mainardi, Cerruti P., Gurrieri, F., Rivieri, F., Soli, F., Verri, R., Albertini, E., Favaron, E., Zignani, M., Orteschi, D., Bianchi, P., Faravelli, F., Forzano, F., Seri, M., Wischmeijer, A., Turchetti, D., Pompilii, E., Gnoli, M., Cocchi, G., Mazzanti, L., Bergamaschi, R., De Brasi, D., Sperandeo, M. P., Mari, F., Uliana, V., Mostardini, R., Cecconi, M., Grasso, M, Sassi, S., Sebastio, G., Renieri, A., Silengo, M., Bernasconi, S., Wakamatsu, N., and Neri, G.
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- 2009
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9. Holt–Oram syndrome associated with anomalies of the feet
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Garavelli, L., De Brasi, D., Verri, R., Guareschi, E., Cariola, F., Melis, D., Calcagno, G., Salvatore, F., Unger, S., Sebastio, G., Albertini, G., Rivieri, F., Soli, F., Superti-Furga, A., and Gentile, M.
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- 2008
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10. The homozygous deletion of the 3′ enhancer of the SHOX gene causes Langer mesomelic dysplasia
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Bertorelli, R, Capone, L, Ambrosetti, F, Garavelli, L, Varriale, L, Mazza, V, Stanghellini, I, Percesepe, A, and Forabosco, A
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- 2007
11. DERMATOLOGIC FEATURES IN PALLISTER–KILLIAN SYNDROME AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO THE DIAGNOSIS
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GUARESCHI, E, GARAVELLI, L, PEDORI, S, DI LERNIA, V, GRENZI, L, FRANCHI, F, MARINELLI, M, CROCI, G F, PEDRETTI, E, AMARRI, SERGIO, BANCHINI, G, and ALBERTINI, GIUSEPPE
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- 2007
12. Congenital heart defects: 15 years of experience of the Emilia-Romagna Registry (Italy)
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Calzolari, E., Garani, G., Cocchi, G., Magnani, C., Rivieri, F., Neville, A., Astolfi, G., Baroncini, A., Garavelli, L., Gualandi, F., Scorrano, M., and Bosi, G.
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- 2002
13. A Novel CCND2 Mutation in a Previously Reported Case of Megalencephaly and Perisylvian Polymicrogyria with Postaxial Polydactyly and Hydrocephalus.
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Maini, I., Farnetti, E., Caraffi, S. G., Ivanovski, I., De Bernardi, M. L., Gelmini, C., Pollazzon, M., Rosato, S., Laurie, S., Matalonga, L., Baldo, C., and Garavelli, L.
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POLYDACTYLY ,HYDROCEPHALUS ,GENETIC mutation - Published
- 2018
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14. 22q11.2 Distal Deletion Syndrome: Description of a New Case with Truncus Arteriosus Type 2 and Review.
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Garavelli, L., Rosato, S., Wischmeijer, A., Gelmini, C., Esposito, A., Mazzanti, L., Franchi, F., De Crescenzo, A., Palumbo, O., Carella, M., and Riccio, A.
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- 2011
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15. Megalencephaly and Perisylvian Polymicrogyria with Postaxial Polydactyly and Hydrocephalus (MPPH): Report of a New Case.
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Garavelli, L., Guareschi, E., Errico, S., Simoni, A., Bergonzini, P., Zollino, M., Gurrieri, F., Mancini, G. M., Schot, R., van der Spek, P. J., Frigieri, C., Zonari, P., Albertini, E., della Giustina, E., Amarri, S., Banchini, G., Dobyns, W. B., and Neri, C.
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JUVENILE diseases , *HYDROCEPHALUS in children , *PEDIATRIC neurology , *CLINICAL trials , *BRAIN diseases , *DEVELOPMENTAL disabilities - Abstract
Megalencephaly (MEG), or enlargement of the brain, can either represent a familial variant with normal cerebral structure, or a rare brain malformation associated with developmental delay and neurological problems. MEG has been split into two subtypes: anatomical and metabolic. The latter features a build-up inside the cells owing to metabolic causes. Anatomical MEG has been detected in many different conditions, including many overgrowth syndromes. In 2004 Mirzaa et al. reported five non-consanguineous patients with a new MCAJMR syndrome characterized by severe congenital MEG with polymicrogyria (PMG), postaxial polydactyly (POLY) and hydro-cephalus (HYD). The authors argued that these findings identified a new and distinct malformation syndrome, which they named MPPH. We report on a new case of MPPH, the first to be described after the original series (Mirzaa et al., 2004). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2007
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16. Sleep in Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS): Clinical and polysomnografic study.
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Ricci, E., Di Pisa, V., Provini, F., Ubertiello, S., Bonetti, S., Ivanovski, I., Caraffi, S., Bascelli, E., Franzoni, E., Garavelli, L., and Cordelli, D.M.
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- 2017
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17. Mutation spectrum of MLL2 in a cohort of kabuki syndrome patients
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Renieri Alessandra, Prontera Paolo, Priolo Manuela, Patricelli Maria G, Melis Daniela, Mattina Teresa, Lapi Elisabetta, Garavelli Livia, Fischetto Rita, Ferrari Paola, Daolio Cecilia, Douzgou Sofia, Clementi Maurizio, Bonfante Aldo, Accadia Maria, Forzano Francesca, Faravelli Francesca, Dallapiccola Bruno, Digilio Maria C, Calcagnì Alessia, Belligni Elga, D'Addetta Ester V, Zucchetti Federica, Gumiero Barbara, Reymond Alexandre, Silengo Margherita, Loviglio Maria N, Selicorni Angelo, Fusco Carmela, Augello Bartolomeo, Micale Lucia, Mencarelli Maria A, Scarano Gioacchino, Monica Matteo, Toschi Benedetta, Turolla Licia, Vancini Alessandra, Zatterale Adriana, Gabrielli Orazio, Zelante Leopoldo, and Merla Giuseppe
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Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Background Kabuki syndrome (Niikawa-Kuroki syndrome) is a rare, multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome characterized by a peculiar face, short stature, skeletal, visceral and dermatoglyphic abnormalities, cardiac anomalies, and immunological defects. Recently mutations in the histone methyl transferase MLL2 gene have been identified as its underlying cause. Methods Genomic DNAs were extracted from 62 index patients clinically diagnosed as affected by Kabuki syndrome. Sanger sequencing was performed to analyze the whole coding region of the MLL2 gene including intron-exon junctions. The putative causal and possible functional effect of each nucleotide variant identified was estimated by in silico prediction tools. Results We identified 45 patients with MLL2 nucleotide variants. 38 out of the 42 variants were never described before. Consistently with previous reports, the majority are nonsense or frameshift mutations predicted to generate a truncated polypeptide. We also identified 3 indel, 7 missense and 3 splice site. Conclusions This study emphasizes the relevance of mutational screening of the MLL2 gene among patients diagnosed with Kabuki syndrome. The identification of a large spectrum of MLL2 mutations possibly offers the opportunity to improve the actual knowledge on the clinical basis of this multiple congenital anomalies/mental retardation syndrome, design functional studies to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this disease, establish genotype-phenotype correlations and improve clinical management.
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- 2011
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18. Current themes in molecular pediatrics: molecular medicine and its applications
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Garavelli Livia and Superti-Furga Andrea
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Pediatrics ,RJ1-570 - Abstract
Abstract We focus on themes that are derived from clinical practice and research in the field of genetic diseases of bone and inborn errors of metabolism but may be of more general interest as they indicate some trends in molecular medicine as related to pediatrics. Identifying the disease-causing mechanism brings about efficient therapeutic strategies and discovering the mutant genotype in the near future may become helpful for devising custom-built molecular responses. At the same time, the transition of therapy from the experimental phase to industrial application is difficult as there may be novel roles (and potentially conflicting interests) between physicians, patient organisations, governmental agencies and the pharmaceutical industry. Awareness of these potential conflicts may help in recognizing and dealing with these issues.
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- 2010
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19. Risk of congenital anomalies around a municipal solid waste incinerator: a GIS-based case-control study
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Garavelli Livia, Rodolfi Rossella, Teggi Sergio, Fabbi Sara, Malagoli Carlotta, Vinceti Marco, Astolfi Gianni, and Rivieri Francesca
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Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 - Abstract
Abstract Background Waste incineration releases into the environment toxic substances having a teratogenic potential, but little epidemiologic evidence is available on this topic. We aimed at examining the relation between exposure to the emissions from a municipal solid waste incinerator and risk of birth defects in a northern Italy community, using Geographical Information System (GIS) data to estimate exposure and a population-based case-control study design. By modelling the incinerator emissions, we defined in the GIS three areas of increasing exposure according to predicted dioxins concentrations. We mapped the 228 births and induced abortions with diagnosis of congenital anomalies observed during the 1998–2006 period, together with a corresponding series of control births matched for year and hospital of birth/abortion as well as maternal age, using maternal address in the first three months of pregnancy to geocode cases and controls. Results Among women residing in the areas with medium and high exposure, prevalence of anomalies in the offspring was substantially comparable to that observed in the control population, nor dose-response relations for any of the major categories of birth defects emerged. Furthermore, odds ratio for congenital anomalies did not decrease during a prolonged shut-down period of the plant. Conclusion Overall, these findings do not lend support to the hypothesis that the environmental contamination occurring around an incineration plant such as that examined in this study may induce major teratogenic effects.
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- 2009
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20. Mowat-Wilson syndrome
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Mainardi Paola and Garavelli Livia
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Medicine - Abstract
Abstract Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MWS) is a multiple congenital anomaly syndrome characterized by a distinct facial phenotype (high forehead, frontal bossing, large eyebrows, medially flaring and sparse in the middle part, hypertelorism, deep set but large eyes, large and uplifted ear lobes, with a central depression, saddle nose with prominent rounded nasal tip, prominent columella, open mouth, with M-shaped upper lip, frequent smiling, and a prominent but narrow and triangular pointed chin), moderate-to-severe intellectual deficiency, epilepsy and variable congenital malformations including Hirschsprung disease (HSCR), genitourinary anomalies (in particular hypospadias in males), congenital heart defects, agenesis of the corpus callosum and eye anomalies. The prevalence of MWS is currently unknown, but 171 patients have been reported so far. It seems probable that MWS is under-diagnosed, particularly in patients without HSCR. MWS is caused by heterozygous mutations or deletions in the Zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 2 gene, ZEB2, previously called ZFHX1B (SIP1). To date, over 100 deletions/mutations have been reported in patients with a typical phenotype; they are frequently whole gene deletions or truncating mutations, suggesting that haploinsufficiency is the main pathological mechanism. Studies of genotype-phenotype analysis show that facial gestalt and delayed psychomotor development are constant clinical features, while the frequent and severe congenital malformations are variable. In a small number of patients, unusual mutations can lead to an atypical phenotype. The facial phenotype is particularly important for the initial clinical diagnosis and provides the hallmark warranting ZEB2 mutational analysis, even in the absence of HSCR. The majority of MWS cases reported so far were sporadic, therefore the recurrence risk is low. Nevertheless, rare cases of sibling recurrence have been observed. Congenital malformations and seizures require precocious clinical investigation with intervention of several specialists (including neonatologists and pediatricians). Psychomotor development is delayed in all patients, therefore rehabilitation (physical therapy, psychomotor and speech therapy) should be started as soon as possible.
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- 2007
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21. Risk of Birth Defects in a Population Living Near a Municipal Solid Waste Incinerator During Different Operating Periods.
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Vinceti, M, Malagoli, C, Rodolfi, R, Fabbi, S, Teggi, S, Garavelli, L, Astolfi, G, and Calzolari, E
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- 2008
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22. Correction: Myhre syndrome in adulthood: clinical variability and emerging genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Vanbelleghem E, Van Damme T, Beyens A, Symoens S, Claes K, De Backer J, Meerschaut I, Vanommeslaeghe F, Delanghe SE, van den Ende J, Beyltjens T, Scimone ER, Lindsay ME, Schimmenti LA, Hinze AM, Dunn E, Gomez-Ospina N, Vandernoot I, Delguste T, Coppens S, Cormier-Daire V, Tartaglia M, Garavelli L, Shieh J, Demir Ş, Arslan Ateş E, Zenker M, Rohanizadegan M, Rivera-Cruz G, Douzgou S, Lin AE, and Callewaert B
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- 2024
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23. Two novel compound heterozygous HOXB1 variants in congenital facial palsy: A case report and a brief review of the literature.
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Brugnoli C, Rizzi S, Cesaroni CA, Spagnoli C, Pregnolato G, Caraffi SG, Napoli M, Pascarella R, Zuntini R, Peluso F, Garavelli L, Chiarotto E, Leon A, Frattini D, and Fusco C
- Abstract
Hereditary congenital facial palsy (HCFP) is a medical condition caused by dysfunction of the seventh cranial nerve. HCFP is characterized by feeding difficulties and dysmorphic features in the orofacial region. In some cases hearing loss, strabismus, limb malformations, and musculoskeletal defects may be associated. There are three types of HCFP: HCFP3 (OMIM 614744) results from autosomal recessive pathogenic variants in the HOXB1 gene, while HCFP1 and 2 (OMIM 601471, 604185) are autosomal dominant, genetically less defined conditions. We report on a case of congenital bilateral facial palsy due to two novel compound heterozygous variants in the HOXB1 gene, found by exome sequencing (ES), in a child with facial nerve axonal neuropathy without evidence of nerve hypoplasia on neuroimaging. The results of this report suggest that in individuals with congenital facial paralysis and preserved ocular motor skills, with or without facial nerve hypoplasia and with confirmed facial nerve axonal neuropathy, HOXB1 variants and therefore a diagnosis of HCFP3 should be primarily considered., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
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- 2024
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24. Myhre syndrome in adulthood: clinical variability and emerging genotype-phenotype correlations.
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Vanbelleghem E, Van Damme T, Beyens A, Symoens S, Claes K, De Backer J, Meerschaut I, Vanommeslaeghe F, Delanghe SE, van den Ende J, Beyltjens T, Scimone ER, Lindsay ME, Schimmenti LA, Hinze AM, Dunn E, Gomez-Ospina N, Vandernoot I, Delguste T, Coppens S, Cormier-Daire V, Tartaglia M, Garavelli L, Shieh J, Demir Ş, Arslan Ateş E, Zenker M, Rohanizadegan M, Rivera-Cruz G, Douzgou S, Lin AE, and Callewaert B
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- Humans, Male, Adult, Female, Cryptorchidism genetics, Cryptorchidism pathology, Adolescent, Growth Disorders genetics, Growth Disorders pathology, Middle Aged, Mutation, Missense, Facies, Genetic Association Studies, Hand Deformities, Congenital, Phenotype, Smad4 Protein genetics, Intellectual Disability genetics, Intellectual Disability pathology, Intellectual Disability diagnosis
- Abstract
Myhre syndrome (MS, MIM 139210) is a rare multisystemic disorder caused by recurrent pathogenic missense variants in SMAD4. The clinical features have been mainly documented in childhood and comprise variable neurocognitive development, recognizable craniofacial features, a short stature with a pseudo-muscular build, hearing loss, thickened skin, joint limitations, diverse cardiovascular and airway manifestations, and increased fibrosis often following trauma or surgery. In contrast, adults with MS are underreported obscuring potential clinical variability. Here, we describe 24 adults with MS, including 17 diagnosed after the age of 18 years old, and we review the literature on adults with MS. Overall, our cohort shows a milder phenotype as well as lower mortality rates compared to what has been published in literature. Individuals with a codon 500 variant in SMAD4 present with a more pronounced neurodevelopmental and systemic phenotype. However, in contrast to the literature, we observe cardiovascular abnormalities in individuals with the p.(Arg496Cys) variant. In addition, we describe scoliosis as a new manifestation and we report fertility in two additional males with the p.(Arg496Cys). In conclusion, our study contributes novel insights into the clinical variability of MS and underscores the importance of variant-specific considerations, and we provide recommendations for the management of MS in adulthood., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Human Genetics.)
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- 2024
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25. Early-onset dysphagia and severe neurodevelopmental disorder as early signs in a patient with two novel variants in NARS1: a case report and brief review of the literature.
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Cesaroni CA, Contrò G, Spagnoli C, Cancelliere F, Caraffi SG, Leon A, Stefanini C, Frattini D, Rizzi S, Cavalli A, Garavelli L, and Fusco C
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- Humans, Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases genetics, Male, Mutation genetics, Infant, Child, Preschool, Female, Deglutition Disorders genetics, Deglutition Disorders diagnosis, Neurodevelopmental Disorders genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorders diagnosis
- Abstract
Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs) aminoacylate tRNA molecules with their cognate amino acid, enabling information transmission and providing substrates for protein biosynthesis. They also take part in nontranslational functions, mediated by the presence of other proteins domains. Mutations in ARS genes have been described as responsive to numerous factors, including neurological, autoimmune, and oncological. Variants of the ARS genes, both in heterozygosity and homozygosity, have been reported to be responsible for different pathological pictures in humankind. We present the case of a patient referred in infancy for failure to thrive and acquired microcephaly (head circumference: -5 SD). During follow-up we highlighted: dysphagia (which became increasingly severe until it became incompatible with oral feeding, with gastrostomy implantation, resulting in resolution of feeding difficulties), strabismus, hypotonia. NCV (Nerve Conduction Velocity) showed four limbs neuropathy, neurophysiological examination performed at 2 years of age mainly sensory and demyelinating. Exome sequencing (ES) was performed, detecting two novel compound heterozygous variants in the NARS1 gene (OMIM *108410): NM_004539:c.[662 A > G]; [1155dup], p.[(Asn221Ser)]; [(Arg386Thrfs*19)], inherited from mother and father respectively. In this article, we would like to focus on the presence of progressive dysphagia and severe neurodevelopmental disorder, associated with two novel variants in the NARS1 gene., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2024
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26. Identification of the DNA methylation signature of Mowat-Wilson syndrome.
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Caraffi SG, van der Laan L, Rooney K, Trajkova S, Zuntini R, Relator R, Haghshenas S, Levy MA, Baldo C, Mandrile G, Lauzon C, Cordelli DM, Ivanovski I, Fetta A, Sukarova E, Brusco A, Pavinato L, Pullano V, Zollino M, McConkey H, Tartaglia M, Ferrero GB, Sadikovic B, and Garavelli L
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- Humans, Female, Male, Child, Child, Preschool, Adolescent, CpG Islands, DNA Methylation, Intellectual Disability genetics, Intellectual Disability diagnosis, Intellectual Disability pathology, Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2 genetics, Zinc Finger E-box Binding Homeobox 2 metabolism, Microcephaly genetics, Microcephaly diagnosis, Microcephaly pathology, Hirschsprung Disease genetics, Hirschsprung Disease diagnosis, Hirschsprung Disease pathology, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Repressor Proteins genetics, Facies
- Abstract
Mowat-Wilson syndrome (MOWS) is a rare congenital disease caused by haploinsufficiency of ZEB2, encoding a transcription factor required for neurodevelopment. MOWS is characterized by intellectual disability, epilepsy, typical facial phenotype and other anomalies, such as short stature, Hirschsprung disease, brain and heart defects. Despite some recognizable features, MOWS rarity and phenotypic variability may complicate its diagnosis, particularly in the neonatal period. In order to define a novel diagnostic biomarker for MOWS, we determined the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of DNA samples from 29 individuals with confirmed clinical and molecular diagnosis. Through multidimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering analysis, we identified and validated a DNA methylation signature involving 296 differentially methylated probes as part of the broader MOWS DNA methylation profile. The prevalence of hypomethylated CpG sites agrees with the main role of ZEB2 as a transcriptional repressor, while differential methylation within the ZEB2 locus supports the previously proposed autoregulation ability. Correlation studies compared the MOWS cohort with 56 previously described DNA methylation profiles of other neurodevelopmental disorders, further validating the specificity of this biomarker. In conclusion, MOWS DNA methylation signature is highly sensitive and reproducible, providing a useful tool to facilitate diagnosis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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27. Animal displacement from marine energy development: Mechanisms and consequences.
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Hemery LG, Garavelli L, Copping AE, Farr H, Jones K, Baker-Horne N, Kregting L, McGarry LP, Sparling C, and Verling E
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- Animals, Climate, Ecosystem, Renewable Energy
- Abstract
For marine wave and tidal energy to successfully contribute to global renewable energy goals and climate change mitigation, marine energy projects need to expand beyond small deployments to large-scale arrays. However, with large-scale projects come potential environmental effects not observed at the scales of single devices and small arrays. One of these effects is the risk of displacing marine animals from their preferred habitats or their migration routes, which may increase with the size of arrays and location. Many marine animals may be susceptible to some level of displacement once large marine energy arrays are increasingly integrated into the seascape, including large migratory animals, non-migratory pelagic animals with large home ranges, and benthic and demersal mobile organisms with more limited ranges, among many others. Yet, research around the mechanisms and effects of displacement have been hindered by the lack of clarity within the international marine energy community regarding the definition of displacement, how it occurs, its consequences, species of concern, and methods to investigate the outcomes. This review paper leveraged lessons learned from other industries, such as offshore development, to establish a definition of displacement in the marine energy context, explore which functional groups of marine animals may be affected and in what way, and identify pathways for investigating displacement through modeling and monitoring. In the marine energy context, we defined displacement as the outcome of one of three mechanisms (i.e., attraction, avoidance, and exclusion) triggered by an animal's response to one or more stressors acting as a disturbance, with various consequences at the individual through population levels. The knowledge gaps highlighted in this study will help the regulatory and scientific communities prepare for mitigating, observing, measuring, and characterizing displacement of various animals around marine energy arrays in order to prevent irreversible consequences., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare no conflict of interest. The project funders had no role in the design of the study, in the synthesis of the available information, in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the study., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
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- 2024
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28. Heterozygous truncating variant of TAOK1 in a boy with periventricular nodular heterotopia: a case report and literature review of TAOK1-related neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Cavalli A, Caraffi SG, Rizzi S, Trimarchi G, Napoli M, Frattini D, Spagnoli C, Garavelli L, and Fusco C
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- Animals, Male, Child, Humans, Amino Acids, Phosphorylation, Brain, Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia diagnostic imaging, Periventricular Nodular Heterotopia genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorders genetics
- Abstract
Background: Thousand and one amino-acid kinase 1 (TAOK1) encodes the MAP3K protein kinase TAO1, which has recently been displayed to be essential for neuronal maturation and cortical differentiation during early brain development. Heterozygous variants in TAOK1 have been reported in children with neurodevelopmental disorders, with or without macrocephaly, hypotonia and mild dysmorphic traits. Literature reports lack evidence of neuronal migration disorders in TAOK1 patients, although studies in animal models suggest this possibility., Case Presentation: We provide a clinical description of a child with a neurodevelopmental disorder due to a novel TAOK1 truncating variant, whose brain magnetic resonance imaging displays periventricular nodular heterotopia., Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the first report of a neuronal migration disorder in a patient with a TAOK1-related neurodevelopmental disorder, thus supporting the hypothesized pathogenic mechanisms of TAOK1 defects., (© 2024. The Author(s).)
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- 2024
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29. Novel Insights from Clinical Practice: Xia-Gibbs Syndrome with Pes Cavus, Conjunctival Melanosis, and Eye Asymmetry due to a de novo AHDC1 Gene Variant - A Case Report and a Brief Review of the Literature.
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Baga M, Ivanovski I, Contrò G, Caraffi SG, Spagnoli C, Cesaroni CA, Neri A, Peluso F, Pollazzon M, Garavelli L, and Fusco C
- Abstract
Introduction: Xia-Gibbs syndrome (OMIM 615829) is a rare developmental disorder, caused by heterozygous de novo variants in the AHDC1 gene. Hallmark features include global developmental delay, facial dysmorphisms, and behavioral problems. To date, more than 250 individuals have been diagnosed worldwide., Case Report: We report a 13-year-old female who, in association with typical features of Xia-Gibbs syndrome, presented with macrocrania, pes cavus, and conjunctival melanosis. Whole-exome sequencing identified a de novo frameshift variant, which had not been reported in the literature before., Conclusion: We summarized the main clinical and phenotypic features of patients described in the literature, and in addition, we discuss another feature found in our patient and observed in other cases described, eye asymmetry, which has never been highlighted, and suggest that it could be part of the typical clinical presentation of this condition., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.)
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- 2024
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30. Genetic Epilepsies and Developmental Epileptic Encephalopathies with Early Onset: A Multicenter Study.
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Cavirani B, Spagnoli C, Caraffi SG, Cavalli A, Cesaroni CA, Cutillo G, De Giorgis V, Frattini D, Marchetti GB, Masnada S, Peron A, Rizzi S, Varesio C, Spaccini L, Vignoli A, Canevini MP, Veggiotti P, Garavelli L, and Fusco C
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- Humans, Child, Preschool, DNA Copy Number Variations, Retrospective Studies, Seizures genetics, Epilepsy genetics, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy, Generalized
- Abstract
The genetic causes of epilepsies and developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (DEE) with onset in early childhood are increasingly recognized. Their outcomes vary from benign to severe disability. In this paper, we wished to retrospectively review the clinical, genetic, EEG, neuroimaging, and outcome data of patients experiencing the onset of epilepsy in the first three years of life, diagnosed and followed up in four Italian epilepsy centres (Epilepsy Centre of San Paolo University Hospital in Milan, Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit of AUSL-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Pediatric Neurology Unit of Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Milan, and Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia). We included 168 patients (104 with monogenic conditions, 45 with copy number variations (CNVs) or chromosomal abnormalities, and 19 with variants of unknown significance), who had been followed up for a mean of 14.75 years. We found a high occurrence of generalized seizures at onset, drug resistance, abnormal neurological examination, global developmental delay and intellectual disability, and behavioural and psychiatric comorbidities. We also documented differing presentations between monogenic issues versus CNVs and chromosomal conditions, as well as atypical/rare phenotypes. Genetic early-childhood-onset epilepsies and DEE show a very wide phenotypic and genotypic spectrum, with a high risk of complex neurological and neuropsychiatric phenotypes.
- Published
- 2024
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31. Lessons from two series by physicians and caregivers' self-reported data in DDX3X-related disorders.
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Ruault V, Burger P, Gradels-Hauguel J, Ruiz N, Jamra RA, Afenjar A, Alembik Y, Alessandri JL, Arpin S, Barcia G, Bendová Š, Bruel AL, Charles P, Chatron N, Chopra M, Conrad S, Daire VC, Cospain A, Coubes C, Coursimault J, Delahaye-Duriez A, Doco M, Dufour W, Durand B, Engel C, Faivre L, Ferroul F, Fradin M, Frenkiel H, Fusco C, Garavelli L, Garde A, Gerard B, Germanaud D, Goujon L, Gouronc A, Ginglinger E, Goldenberg A, Hancarova M, Havlovicová M, Heron D, Isidor B, Marçais NJ, Keren B, Koch-Hogrebe M, Kuentz P, Lamure V, Lebre AS, Lecoquierre F, Lehman N, Lesca G, Lyonnet S, Martin D, Mignot C, Neuhann TM, Nicolas G, Nizon M, Petit F, Philippe C, Piton A, Pollazzon M, Prchalová D, Putoux A, Rio M, Rondeau S, Rossi M, Sabbagh Q, Saugier-Veber P, Schmetz A, Steffann J, Thauvin-Robinet C, Toutain A, Them FTM, Trimarchi G, Vincent M, Vlčková M, Wieczorek D, Willems M, Yauy K, Zelinová M, Ziegler A, Chaumette B, Sadikovic B, Mandel JL, and Geneviève D
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Humans, DEAD-box RNA Helicases, Self Report, Infant, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity genetics, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity therapy, Caregivers
- Abstract
Introduction and Methods: We report two series of individuals with DDX3X variations, one (48 individuals) from physicians and one (44 individuals) from caregivers., Results: These two series include several symptoms in common, with fairly similar distribution, which suggests that caregivers' data are close to physicians' data. For example, both series identified early childhood symptoms that were not previously described: feeding difficulties, mean walking age, and age at first words., Discussion: Each of the two datasets provides complementary knowledge. We confirmed that symptoms are similar to those in the literature and provides more details on feeding difficulties. Caregivers considered that the symptom attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder were most worrisome. Both series also reported sleep disturbance. Recently, anxiety has been reported in individuals with DDX3X variants. We strongly suggest that attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety, and sleep disorders need to be treated., (© 2024 The Authors. Molecular Genetics & Genomic Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)
- Published
- 2024
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32. 'A novel TRIP4 Variant Associated with Peripheral Neuropathy: Expanding the Clinical and Genetic Spectrum of ASC1-Related Myopathy'.
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Frongia I, Spagnoli C, Rizzi S, Frattini D, Leon A, Caraffi SG, Pollazzon M, Garavelli L, Pisani F, and Fusco C
- Subjects
- Humans, Phenotype, Transcription Factors genetics, DNA Helicases genetics, Carrier Proteins genetics, Muscular Diseases genetics, Peripheral Nervous System Diseases genetics, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal genetics, Polyneuropathies
- Abstract
Activating Signal Cointegrator 1 complex (ASC-1 complex) is a ribonucleoprotein tetramer participating in transcriptional coactivation and RNA processing, consisting of four subunits: ASCC1-ASCC3 and ASC-1. Pathogenic variants in the TRIP4 and ASCC1 genes, encoding the ASC-1 and ASCC1 subunits, were recently described in congenital myopathic conditions without signs of motor neuron involvement, and Spinal Muscular Atrophy-like (SMA-like) phenotype with prenatal bone fractures. We present a novel pathogenic TRIP4 variant in two siblings with severe phenotype and mixed sensory-motor polyneuropathy. The reviewed phenotypic spectrum is broad, but sensory-motor polyneuropathy is so-far unreported. We thus expand ASC-1 related myopathy phenotype.
- Published
- 2024
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33. Expanding Phenotype of SYT1 -Related Neurodevelopmental Disorder: Case Report and Literature Review.
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Cesaroni CA, Spagnoli C, Baga M, Rizzi S, Frattini D, Caraffi SG, Pollazzon M, Garavelli L, and Fusco C
- Abstract
Introduction: Synaptotagmin 1 (SYT1), the predominant SYT isoform in the central nervous system, likely acts by promoting vesicle docking, deforming the plasma membrane via Ca
2+ -dependent membrane penetration., Case Presentation: Here, we describe a 21-year-old woman harboring a novel variant in the SYT1 gene, who presents with a complex phenotype, featuring severe intellectual disability, absent speech, behavioral abnormalities, motor stereotypies, dystonic posturing of her hands, a hyperkinetic movement disorder in her childhood, infantile hypotonia, sialorrhea, mild dysmorphic features, epilepsy, peculiar EEG findings, and severe scoliosis., Discussion: Based on our case and literature review on the 22 previously described patients, we can confirm a complex neurodevelopmental disorder in which, unlike other synaptopathies, epilepsy is present in a subset of cases (including our patient: 5/23, 22%), although characteristic EEG changes are far more common (10/23, 43.5%). Our patient's age allows us to provide long-term follow-up data and thus better delineate the SYT1 -related clinical phenotype., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (© 2023 S. Karger AG, Basel.)- Published
- 2023
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34. Prenatal Array-CGH Detection of 3q26.32q26.33 Interstitial Deletion Encompassing the SOX2 Gene: Ultrasound, Pathological, and Cytogenetic Findings.
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Bonasoni MP, Comitini G, Pati M, Bizzarri V, Barbieri V, Marinelli M, Caraffi SG, Zuntini R, Pollazzon M, Palicelli A, and Garavelli L
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- Pregnancy, Female, Humans, Chromosome Deletion, Transcription Factors genetics, Cytogenetic Analysis, Comparative Genomic Hybridization, SOXB1 Transcription Factors genetics, Cleft Lip genetics, Cleft Palate genetics
- Abstract
Background: SOX2 disorders are associated with anophthalmia-esophageal-genital syndrome or microphthalmia, syndromic 3 (MCOPS3- # 206900). Case Report: We describe a third fetal case with a de novo 3q26.32q26.33 deletion extending for 4.31 Mb, detected in a 15-week fetus. After legal interruption of pregnancy, at autopsy, the fetus presented bilateral microphthalmia, right cleft lip and palate, bilateral cerebral ventriculomegaly and dilated third ventricle, microcystic left lung, and intestinal malrotation. Histologically, the left lung showed congenital pulmonary airway malformation (CPAM) type 2. Retinal dysplasia was found in both eyes. Discussion/Conclusion: The human SOX2 gene (OMIM #184429) is located on chromosome 3 at position q26.3-27 and encodes a transcription factor involved in the development of the central and peripheral nervous systems, retina, and lung. In our case, the combination of cerebral, retinal, and pulmonary anomalies, not previously described, are consistent with SOX2 haploinsufficiency due to chromosomal deletion.
- Published
- 2023
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35. Deep phenotyping of the neuroimaging and skeletal features in KBG syndrome: a study of 53 patients and review of the literature.
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Peluso F, Caraffi SG, Contrò G, Valeri L, Napoli M, Carboni G, Seth A, Zuntini R, Coccia E, Astrea G, Bisgaard AM, Ivanovski I, Maitz S, Brischoux-Boucher E, Carter MT, Dentici ML, Devriendt K, Bellini M, Digilio MC, Doja A, Dyment DA, Farholt S, Ferreira CR, Wolfe LA, Gahl WA, Gnazzo M, Goel H, Grønborg SW, Hammer T, Iughetti L, Kleefstra T, Koolen DA, Lepri FR, Lemire G, Louro P, McCullagh G, Madeo SF, Milone A, Milone R, Nielsen JEK, Novelli A, Ockeloen CW, Pascarella R, Pippucci T, Ricca I, Robertson SP, Sawyer S, Falkenberg Smeland M, Stegmann S, Stumpel CT, Goel A, Taylor JM, Barbuti D, Soresina A, Bedeschi MF, Battini R, Cavalli A, Fusco C, Iascone M, Van Maldergem L, Venkateswaran S, Zuffardi O, Vergano S, Garavelli L, and Bayat A
- Subjects
- Humans, Facies, Phenotype, Repressor Proteins genetics, Transcription Factors, Neuroimaging, Intellectual Disability diagnosis, Intellectual Disability genetics, Abnormalities, Multiple diagnosis, Abnormalities, Multiple genetics, Bone Diseases, Developmental diagnostic imaging, Bone Diseases, Developmental genetics, Tooth Abnormalities diagnostic imaging, Tooth Abnormalities genetics
- Abstract
Background: KBG syndrome is caused by haploinsufficiency of ANKRD11 and is characterised by macrodontia of upper central incisors, distinctive facial features, short stature, skeletal anomalies, developmental delay, brain malformations and seizures. The central nervous system (CNS) and skeletal features remain poorly defined., Methods: CNS and/or skeletal imaging were collected from molecularly confirmed individuals with KBG syndrome through an international network. We evaluated the original imaging and compared our results with data in the literature., Results: We identified 53 individuals, 44 with CNS and 40 with skeletal imaging. Common CNS findings included incomplete hippocampal inversion and posterior fossa malformations; these were significantly more common than previously reported (63.4% and 65.9% vs 1.1% and 24.7%, respectively). Additional features included patulous internal auditory canal, never described before in KBG syndrome, and the recurrence of ventriculomegaly, encephalic cysts, empty sella and low-lying conus medullaris. We found no correlation between these structural anomalies and epilepsy or intellectual disability. Prevalent skeletal findings comprised abnormalities of the spine including scoliosis, coccygeal anomalies and cervical ribs. Hand X-rays revealed frequent abnormalities of carpal bone morphology and maturation, including a greater delay in ossification compared with metacarpal/phalanx bones., Conclusion: This cohort enabled us to describe the prevalence of very heterogeneous neuroradiological and skeletal anomalies in KBG syndrome. Knowledge of the spectrum of such anomalies will aid diagnostic accuracy, improve patient care and provide a reference for future research on the effects of ANKRD11 variants in skeletal and brain development., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. Severe Neurodevelopmental Disorder in Autosomal Recessive Spinocerebellar Ataxia 13 (SCAR13) Caused by Two Novel Frameshift Variants in GRM1.
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Cesaroni CA, Pisanò G, Trimarchi G, Caraffi SG, Scandolo G, Gnazzo M, Frattini D, Spagnoli C, Rizzi S, Dittadi C, Sigona G, Garavelli L, and Fusco C
- Abstract
Autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia 13 (SCAR13) is a neurological disease characterized by psychomotor delay, mild to profound intellectual disability with poor or absent language, nystagmus, stance ataxia, and, if walking is acquired, gait ataxia. Epilepsy and polyneuropathy have also been documented in some patients. Cerebellar atrophy and/or ventriculomegaly may be present on brain MRI. SCAR13 is caused by pathogenic variants in the GRM1 gene encoding the metabotropic receptor of glutamate type 1 (mGlur1), which is highly expressed in Purkinje cerebellar cells, where it plays a fundamental role in cerebellar development. Here we discuss the case of an 8-year-old patient who presented with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with balance disturbance, absence of independent walking, absence of language, diffuse hypotonia, mild nystagmus, and mild dysphagia. Whole-exome sequencing revealed a compound heterozygosity for two likely pathogenic variants in the GRM1 gene, responsible for the patient's phenotype, and made it possible to diagnose autosomal recessive spinocerebellar ataxia SCAR13. The detected (novel) variants appear to be causative of a particularly severe picture with regard to neurodevelopment, in the context of the typical neurological signs of spinocerebellar ataxia., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2023
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37. Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy in a young Italian woman with a de novo missense variant in the CLCN4 gene: A case report.
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Rossi J, Russo M, Gobbi G, Terracciano A, Zuntini R, Giuseppe Caraffi S, Novelli A, Garavelli L, Valzania F, and Rizzi R
- Subjects
- Humans, Female, Adult, Mutation, Missense, Developmental Disabilities genetics, Amino Acid Substitution, Epilepsy, Generalized genetics, Chloride Channels genetics
- Abstract
Introduction: Raynaud-Claes syndrome is a very rare X-linked condition, characterized by intellectual disability, impaired language development, brain abnormalities, facial dysmorphisms and drug-resistant epilepsy. It is caused by loss-of-function variants in the CLCN4 gene, which encodes the 2Cl-/H + exchanger ClC-4, prominently expressed in the hippocampus and cerebellum. Different genotypic variants have been described, each exhibiting specific phenotypic characteristics. The loss-of-function variant p.Gly544Arg in the CLCN4 gene has been described in only two male probands, but there are no reports on phenotypic characterization in females., Case Presentation: We present a 30-year-old Italian woman with early-onset drug-resistant epilepsy, developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, developmental delay, absence of verbal language development, behavioral impairment with autistic features, and clusters of seizures during catamenial periods. The interictal EEG showed slight inconstant slowing of the background rhythm, with abnormal frontal predominant mu like rhythm and generalized spike and polyspike wave discharges, which increased in frequency during drowsiness. A brain MRI showed slight cranio-encephalic asymmetry and a smaller size of the left hippocampus. The whole exome sequencing (WES) revealed a de novo heterozygous c.1630G > A variant in the CLCN4 gene, resulting in the amino acid substitution p.Gly544Arg (rs587777161), consistent with Raynaud-Claes syndrome., Discussion and Conclusion: Our patient is the first case of a de novo p.Gly544Arg variant of the CLCN4 gene in a female proband, confirming that female patients with Raynaud-Claes syndrome can be as severely affected as the male counterparts. Our case expands the phenotypic characterization of different genotypic CLCN4 variants, which can become crucial in the future for early diagnosis if targeted therapy becomes available., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Japanese Society of Child Neurology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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38. Diprosopus: A Rare Case of Craniofacial Duplication and a Systematic Review of the Literature.
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Trevisani V, Balestri E, Napoli M, Caraffi SG, Baroni MC, Peluso F, Colonna A, Iughetti L, Gargano G, Superti-Furga A, and Garavelli L
- Subjects
- Infant, Newborn, Humans, Face, Brain diagnostic imaging, Central Nervous System, Cleft Palate
- Abstract
In 1990, Gorlin et al. described four types of craniofacial duplications: (1) single mouth with duplication of the maxillary arch; (2) supernumerary mouth laterally placed with rudimentary segments; (3) single mouth with replication of the mandibular segments; and (4) true facial duplication, namely diprosopus. We describe a newborn born with wide-spaced eyes, a very broad nose, and two separate mouths. Workup revealed the absence of the corpus callosum and the presence of a brain midline lipoma, wide sutures, and a Chiari I malformation with cerebellar herniation. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and compared all the cases described as diprosopus. In 96% of these, the central nervous system is affected, with anencephaly being the most commonly associated abnormality. Other associated anomalies include cardiac malformations (86%), cleft palate (63%), diaphragmatic hernia (13%), and disorder of sex development (DSD) (13%). Although the facial features are those that first strike the eye, the almost obligate presence of cerebral malformations suggests a disruptive event in the cephalic pole of the forming embryo. No major monogenic contribution has been recognized today for this type of malformation.
- Published
- 2023
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39. Case Report: Sequential postzygotic HRAS mutation and gains of the paternal chromosome 11 carrying the mutated allele in a patient with epidermal nevus and rhabdomyosarcoma: evidence of a multiple-hit mechanism involving HRAS in oncogenic transformation.
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Zuntini R, Cattani C, Pedace L, Miele E, Caraffi SG, Gardini S, Ficarelli E, Pizzi S, Radio FC, Barone A, Piana S, Bertolini P, Corradi D, Marinelli M, Longo C, Motolese A, Zuffardi O, Tartaglia M, and Garavelli L
- Abstract
We report a 7-year-old boy born with epidermal nevi (EN) arranged according to Blaschko's lines involving the face and head, right upper limb, chest, and left lower limb, who developed a left paratesticular embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma at 18 months of age. Parallel sequencing identified a gain-of-function variant (c.37G>C, p.Gly13Arg) of HRAS in both epidermal nevus and tumor but not in leukocytes or buccal mucosal epithelial cells, indicating its postzygotic origin. The variant accounted for 33% and 92% of the total reads in the nevus and tumor DNA specimens, respectively, supporting additional somatic hits in the latter. DNA methylation (DNAm) profiling of the tumor documented a signature consistent with embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma and CNV array analysis inferred from the DNAm arrays and subsequent MLPA analysis demonstrated copy number gains of the entire paternal chromosome 11 carrying the mutated HRAS allele, likely as the result of paternal unidisomy followed by subsequent gain(s) of the paternal chromosome in the tumor. Other structural rearrangements were observed in the tumours, while no additional pathogenic variants affecting genes with role in the RAS-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-MTOR pathways were identified. Our findings provide further evidence of the contribution of "gene dosage" to the multistep process driving cell transformation associated with hyperactive HRAS function., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Zuntini, Cattani, Pedace, Miele, Caraffi, Gardini, Ficarelli, Pizzi, Radio, Barone, Piana, Bertolini, Corradi, Marinelli, Longo, Motolese, Zuffardi, Tartaglia and Garavelli.)
- Published
- 2023
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40. Identification of bi-allelic LFNG variants in three patients and further clinical and molecular refinement of spondylocostal dysostosis 3.
- Author
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Lecca M, Bedeschi MF, Izzi C, Dordoni C, Rinaldi B, Peluso F, Caraffi SG, Prefumo F, Signorelli M, Zanzucchi M, Bione S, Ghigna C, Sassi S, Novelli A, Valente EM, Superti-Furga A, Garavelli L, and Errichiello E
- Subjects
- Humans, Infant, Newborn, Spine abnormalities, Alleles, T-Box Domain Proteins genetics, Membrane Proteins genetics, Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins genetics, Abnormalities, Multiple genetics, Hernia, Diaphragmatic genetics
- Abstract
Spondylocostal dysostosis (SCD), a condition characterized by multiple segmentation defects of the vertebrae and rib malformations, is caused by bi-allelic variants in one of the genes involved in the Notch signaling pathway that tunes the "segmentation clock" of somitogenesis: DLL3, HES7, LFNG, MESP2, RIPPLY2, and TBX6. To date, seven individuals with LFNG variants have been reported in the literature. In this study we describe two newborns and one fetus with SCD, who were found by trio-based exome sequencing (trio-ES) to carry homozygous (c.822-5C>T) or compound heterozygous (c.[863dup];[1063G>A]) and (c.[521G>T];[890T>G]) variants in LFNG. Notably, the c.822-5C>T change, affecting the polypyrimidine tract of intron 5, is the first non-coding variant reported in LFNG. This study further refines the clinical and molecular features of spondylocostal dysostosis 3 and adds to the numerous investigations supporting the usefulness of trio-ES approach in prenatal and neonatal settings., (© 2023 The Authors. Clinical Genetics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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41. Split Hand-Foot and Deafness in a Patient with 7q21.13-q21.3 Deletion Not Including the DLX5/6 Genes.
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Ambrosetti I, Bernardini L, Pollazzon M, Giuffrida MG, Guida V, Peluso F, Baroni MC, Polizzi V, Napoli M, Rosato S, Trimarchi G, Gelmini C, Caraffi SG, Wischmeijer A, Frattini D, Novelli A, and Garavelli L
- Subjects
- Humans, Genes, Homeobox, Lower Extremity, Transcription Factors genetics, Homeodomain Proteins genetics, Limb Deformities, Congenital genetics, Deafness genetics
- Abstract
Split Hand-Foot Malformation (SHFM) is a congenital limb defect characterized by a median cleft of the hands and/or feet due to the absence/hypoplasia of the central rays. It may occur as part of a syndromic condition or as an isolated malformation. The most common of the six genetic loci identified for this condition is correlated to SHFM1 and maps in the 7q21q22 region. SHFM1 is characterized by autosomal dominant transmission, incomplete penetrance and variable expressivity. Associated features often include hearing loss, intellectual disability/developmental delay and craniofacial abnormalities. Disruption of the DLX5/DLX6 genes, mapping within the SHFM1 locus, is now known to be responsible for the phenotype. Through SNP array, we analyzed a patient affected by SHFM1 associated with deafness and an abnormality of the inner ear (incomplete partition type I); we identified a deletion in 7q21, not involving the DLX5 /6 genes, but including exons 15 and 17 of DYNC1I1 , known to act as exonic enhancers (eExons) of the DLX5 /6 genes. We further demonstrated the role of DYNC1I1 eExons in regulating DLX5 /6 expression by means of showing a reduced expression of the DLX5 /6 genes through RT-PCR in a patient-derived lymphoblastoid cell line. Furthermore, our data and a review of published cases do not support the hypothesis that DLX5 /6 are imprinted in humans. This work is an example of how the disruption of regulatory elements can be responsible for congenital malformations.
- Published
- 2023
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42. Case report: Expanding the phenotype of FOXP1 -related intellectual disability syndrome and hyperkinetic movement disorder in differential diagnosis with epileptic seizures.
- Author
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Cesaroni CA, Pollazzon M, Mancini C, Rizzi S, Cappelletti C, Pizzi S, Frattini D, Spagnoli C, Caraffi SG, Zuntini R, Trimarchi G, Niceta M, Radio FC, Tartaglia M, Garavelli L, and Fusco C
- Abstract
Objective: We aimed to report on previously unappreciated clinical features associated with FOXP1 -related intellectual disability (ID) syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, and language delay, with or without autistic features., Methods: We performed whole-exome sequencing (WES) to molecularly characterize an individual presenting with ID, epilepsy, autism spectrum disorder, behavioral problems, and facial dysmorphisms as major features., Results: WES allowed us to identify a previously unreported de novo splice site variant, c.1429-1G>T (NM_032682.6), in the FOXP1 gene (OMIM
* 605515) as the causative event underlying the phenotype. Clinical reassessment of the patient and revision of the literature allowed us to refine the phenotype associated with FOXP1 haploinsufficiency, including hyperkinetic movement disorder and flat angiomas as associated features. Interestingly, the patient also has an asymmetric face and choanal atresia and a novel de novo variant of the CHD7 gene., Conclusion: We suggest that FOXP1 -related ID syndrome may also predispose to the development of hyperkinetic movement disorders and flat angiomas. These features could therefore require specific management of this condition., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Cesaroni, Pollazzon, Mancini, Rizzi, Cappelletti, Pizzi, Frattini, Spagnoli, Caraffi, Zuntini, Trimarchi, Niceta, Radio, Tartaglia, Garavelli and Fusco.)- Published
- 2023
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43. The clinical and molecular spectrum of the KDM6B-related neurodevelopmental disorder.
- Author
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Rots D, Jakub TE, Keung C, Jackson A, Banka S, Pfundt R, de Vries BBA, van Jaarsveld RH, Hopman SMJ, van Binsbergen E, Valenzuela I, Hempel M, Bierhals T, Kortüm F, Lecoquierre F, Goldenberg A, Hertz JM, Andersen CB, Kibæk M, Prijoles EJ, Stevenson RE, Everman DB, Patterson WG, Meng L, Gijavanekar C, De Dios K, Lakhani S, Levy T, Wagner M, Wieczorek D, Benke PJ, Lopez Garcia MS, Perrier R, Sousa SB, Almeida PM, Simões MJ, Isidor B, Deb W, Schmanski AA, Abdul-Rahman O, Philippe C, Bruel AL, Faivre L, Vitobello A, Thauvin C, Smits JJ, Garavelli L, Caraffi SG, Peluso F, Davis-Keppen L, Platt D, Royer E, Leeuwen L, Sinnema M, Stegmann APA, Stumpel CTRM, Tiller GE, Bosch DGM, Potgieter ST, Joss S, Splitt M, Holden S, Prapa M, Foulds N, Douzgou S, Puura K, Waltes R, Chiocchetti AG, Freitag CM, Satterstrom FK, De Rubeis S, Buxbaum J, Gelb BD, Branko A, Kushima I, Howe J, Scherer SW, Arado A, Baldo C, Patat O, Bénédicte D, Lopergolo D, Santorelli FM, Haack TB, Dufke A, Bertrand M, Falb RJ, Rieß A, Krieg P, Spranger S, Bedeschi MF, Iascone M, Josephi-Taylor S, Roscioli T, Buckley MF, Liebelt J, Dagli AI, Aten E, Hurst ACE, Hicks A, Suri M, Aliu E, Naik S, Sidlow R, Coursimault J, Nicolas G, Küpper H, Petit F, Ibrahim V, Top D, Di Cara F, Louie RJ, Stolerman E, Brunner HG, Vissers LELM, Kramer JM, and Kleefstra T
- Subjects
- Humans, Animals, Facies, Phenotype, Drosophila, Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorders genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorders pathology, Intellectual Disability pathology
- Abstract
De novo variants are a leading cause of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), but because every monogenic NDD is different and usually extremely rare, it remains a major challenge to understand the complete phenotype and genotype spectrum of any morbid gene. According to OMIM, heterozygous variants in KDM6B cause "neurodevelopmental disorder with coarse facies and mild distal skeletal abnormalities." Here, by examining the molecular and clinical spectrum of 85 reported individuals with mostly de novo (likely) pathogenic KDM6B variants, we demonstrate that this description is inaccurate and potentially misleading. Cognitive deficits are seen consistently in all individuals, but the overall phenotype is highly variable. Notably, coarse facies and distal skeletal anomalies, as defined by OMIM, are rare in this expanded cohort while other features are unexpectedly common (e.g., hypotonia, psychosis, etc.). Using 3D protein structure analysis and an innovative dual Drosophila gain-of-function assay, we demonstrated a disruptive effect of 11 missense/in-frame indels located in or near the enzymatic JmJC or Zn-containing domain of KDM6B. Consistent with the role of KDM6B in human cognition, we demonstrated a role for the Drosophila KDM6B ortholog in memory and behavior. Taken together, we accurately define the broad clinical spectrum of the KDM6B-related NDD, introduce an innovative functional testing paradigm for the assessment of KDM6B variants, and demonstrate a conserved role for KDM6B in cognition and behavior. Our study demonstrates the critical importance of international collaboration, sharing of clinical data, and rigorous functional analysis of genetic variants to ensure correct disease diagnosis for rare disorders., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests S.W.S. is a scientific consultant of Population Bio and the King Abdullaziz University, and Athena Diagnostics has licensed intellectual property from his work held by the Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto., (Copyright © 2023 American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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44. Bi-allelic variants in the ESAM tight-junction gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with fetal intracranial hemorrhage.
- Author
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Lecca M, Pehlivan D, Suñer DH, Weiss K, Coste T, Zweier M, Oktay Y, Danial-Farran N, Rosti V, Bonasoni MP, Malara A, Contrò G, Zuntini R, Pollazzon M, Pascarella R, Neri A, Fusco C, Marafi D, Mitani T, Posey JE, Bayramoglu SE, Gezdirici A, Hernandez-Rodriguez J, Cladera EA, Miravet E, Roldan-Busto J, Ruiz MA, Bauzá CV, Ben-Sira L, Sigaudy S, Begemann A, Unger S, Güngör S, Hiz S, Sonmezler E, Zehavi Y, Jerdev M, Balduini A, Zuffardi O, Horvath R, Lochmüller H, Rauch A, Garavelli L, Tournier-Lasserve E, Spiegel R, Lupski JR, and Errichiello E
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Alleles, Endothelial Cells metabolism, Intracranial Hemorrhages genetics, Tight Junctions genetics, Humans, Brain Diseases genetics, Cell Adhesion Molecules genetics, Nervous System Malformations genetics, Neurodevelopmental Disorders genetics
- Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is an essential gatekeeper for the central nervous system and incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) is higher in infants with a history of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). We discovered a rare disease trait in thirteen individuals, including four fetuses, from eight unrelated families associated with homozygous loss-of-function variant alleles of ESAM which encodes an endothelial cell adhesion molecule. The c.115del (p.Arg39Glyfs
∗ 33) variant, identified in six individuals from four independent families of Southeastern Anatolia, severely impaired the in vitro tubulogenic process of endothelial colony-forming cells, recapitulating previous evidence in null mice, and caused lack of ESAM expression in the capillary endothelial cells of damaged brain. Affected individuals with bi-allelic ESAM variants showed profound global developmental delay/unspecified intellectual disability, epilepsy, absent or severely delayed speech, varying degrees of spasticity, ventriculomegaly, and ICH/cerebral calcifications, the latter being also observed in the fetuses. Phenotypic traits observed in individuals with bi-allelic ESAM variants overlap very closely with other known conditions characterized by endothelial dysfunction due to mutation of genes encoding tight junction molecules. Our findings emphasize the role of brain endothelial dysfunction in NDDs and contribute to the expansion of an emerging group of diseases that we propose to rename as "tightjunctionopathies.", Competing Interests: Declaration of interests J.R.L. has stock ownership in 23andMe and is a paid consultant for the Regeneron Genetics Center., (Copyright © 2023 American Society of Human Genetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
45. The Enigmatic Genetic Landscape of Hereditary Hearing Loss: A Multistep Diagnostic Strategy in the Italian Population.
- Author
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Spedicati B, Santin A, Nardone GG, Rubinato E, Lenarduzzi S, Graziano C, Garavelli L, Miccoli S, Bigoni S, Morgan A, and Girotto G
- Abstract
Hearing loss is the most frequent sensorineural disorder, affecting approximately 1:1000 newborns. Hereditary forms (HHL) represent 50-60% of cases, highlighting the relevance of genetic testing in deaf patients. HHL is classified as non-syndromic (NSHL-70% of cases) or syndromic (SHL-30% of cases). In this study, a multistep and integrative approach aimed at identifying the molecular cause of HHL in 102 patients, whose GJB2 analysis already showed a negative result, is described. In NSHL patients, multiplex ligation probe amplification and long-range PCR analyses of the STRC gene solved 13 cases, while whole exome sequencing (WES) identified the genetic diagnosis in 26 additional ones, with a total detection rate of 47.6%. Concerning SHL, WES detected the molecular cause in 55% of cases. Peculiar findings are represented by the identification of four subjects displaying a dual molecular diagnosis and eight affected by non-syndromic mimics, five of them presenting Usher syndrome type 2. Overall, this study provides a detailed characterisation of the genetic causes of HHL in the Italian population. Furthermore, we highlighted the frequency of Usher syndrome type 2 carriers in the Italian population to pave the way for a more effective implementation of diagnostic and follow-up strategies for this disease.
- Published
- 2023
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- View/download PDF
46. Prenatal Clinical Findings in RASA1 -Related Capillary Malformation-Arteriovenous Malformation Syndrome.
- Author
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Coccia E, Valeri L, Zuntini R, Caraffi SG, Peluso F, Pagliai L, Vezzani A, Pietrangiolillo Z, Leo F, Melli N, Fiorini V, Greco A, Lepri FR, Pisaneschi E, Marozza A, Carli D, Mussa A, Radio FC, Conti B, Iascone M, Gargano G, Novelli A, Tartaglia M, Zuffardi O, Bedeschi MF, and Garavelli L
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Child, Pregnancy, Mutation, p120 GTPase Activating Protein genetics, GTPase-Activating Proteins genetics, Port-Wine Stain genetics, Port-Wine Stain diagnosis, Port-Wine Stain pathology, Arteriovenous Malformations diagnostic imaging, Arteriovenous Malformations genetics
- Abstract
Pathogenic variants in RASA1 are typically associated with a clinical condition called "capillary malformation-arteriovenous malformation" (CM-AVM) syndrome, an autosomal dominant genetic disease characterized by a broad phenotypic variability, even within families. In CM-AVM syndrome, multifocal capillary and arteriovenous malformations are mainly localized in the central nervous system, spine and skin. Although CM-AVM syndrome has been widely described in the literature, only 21 cases with prenatal onset of clinical features have been reported thus far. Here, we report four pediatric cases of molecularly confirmed CM-AVM syndrome which manifested during the prenatal period. Polyhydramnios, non-immune hydrops fetalis and chylothorax are only a few possible aspects of this condition, but a correct interpretation of these prenatal signs is essential due to the possible fatal consequences of unrecognized encephalic and thoracoabdominal deep vascular malformations in newborns and in family members carrying the same RASA1 variant.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Genotypes and phenotypes heterogeneity in PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum and overlapping conditions: 150 novel patients and systematic review of 1007 patients with PIK3CA pathogenetic variants.
- Author
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Mussa A, Leoni C, Iacoviello M, Carli D, Ranieri C, Pantaleo A, Buonuomo PS, Bagnulo R, Ferrero GB, Bartuli A, Melis D, Maitz S, Loconte DC, Turchiano A, Piglionica M, De Luisi A, Susca FC, Bukvic N, Forleo C, Selicorni A, Zampino G, Onesimo R, Cappuccio G, Garavelli L, Novelli C, Memo L, Morando C, Della Monica M, Accadia M, Capurso M, Piscopo C, Cereda A, Di Giacomo MC, Saletti V, Spinelli AM, Lastella P, Tenconi R, Dvorakova V, Irvine AD, and Resta N
- Subjects
- Humans, Mutation genetics, Phenotype, Genotype, Class I Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases genetics, p120 GTPase Activating Protein genetics, Vascular Malformations diagnosis, Vascular Malformations genetics
- Abstract
Background: Postzygotic activating PIK3CA variants cause several phenotypes within the PIK3CA -related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). Variant strength, mosaicism level, specific tissue involvement and overlapping disorders are responsible for disease heterogeneity. We explored these factors in 150 novel patients and in an expanded cohort of 1007 PIK3CA- mutated patients, analysing our new data with previous literature to give a comprehensive picture., Methods: We performed ultradeep targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on DNA from skin biopsy, buccal swab or blood using a panel including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway genes and GNAQ , GNA11 , RASA1 and TEK . Additionally, 914 patients previously reported were systematically reviewed., Results: 93 of our 150 patients had PIK3CA pathogenetic variants. The merged PROS cohort showed that PIK3CA variants span thorough all gene domains, some were exclusively associated with specific PROS phenotypes: weakly activating variants were associated with central nervous system (CNS) involvement, and strongly activating variants with extra-CNS phenotypes. Among the 57 with a wild-type PIK3CA allele, 11 patients with overgrowth and vascular malformations overlapping PROS had variants in GNAQ , GNA11 , RASA1 or TEK ., Conclusion: We confirm that (1) molecular diagnostic yield increases when multiple tissues are tested and by enriching NGS panels with genes of overlapping 'vascular' phenotypes; (2) strongly activating PIK3CA variants are found in affected tissue, rarely in blood: conversely, weakly activating mutations more common in blood; (3) weakly activating variants correlate with CNS involvement, strong variants are more common in cases without; (4) patients with vascular malformations overlapping those of PROS can harbour variants in genes other than PIK3CA ., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2023. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
- Published
- 2023
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48. Gait Alterations in Two Young Siblings with Progressive Pseudorheumatoid Dysplasia.
- Author
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Sassi S, Faccioli S, Farella GM, Tedeschi R, Garavelli L, and Benedetti MG
- Abstract
Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPRD) is an autosomal recessive inherited skeletal dysplasia characterized by progressive non-inflammatory arthropathy affecting primarily the articular cartilage. Currently, little is known about the functional musculoskeletal aspects of these patients. In particular, an abnormal gait pattern has been described, without a clear hypothesis of the underlying causes in terms of muscular activity. This study presents the case of two siblings, 4 and 9 years old, a boy and a girl, respectively, suffering from PPRD at different stages of the disease. In addition to the clinical assessment, an instrumental gait analysis was performed. Swelling of the interphalangeal finger joints and fatigue were present in both cases. Gait abnormalities consisted of a relevant reduction in the ankle plantarflexion in the terminal phase of the gait cycle, associated with reduced gastrocnemius EMG activity and increased activity of the tibialis anterior, resulting in overloading at the initial peak of ground reaction forces. Gait anomalies observed were similar in both siblings with PPRD, although at different ages, and confirm walking patterns previously described in the literature. The calf muscle strength deficit and reduced activity during the stance phase of gait present in these two siblings indicate the typical absence of the propulsive phase. A stomping gait pattern, with the foot striking the ground hard on each step, was originally described. Further neurophysiological investigations are required to determine the origin of muscle weakness.
- Published
- 2022
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49. ALG8-CDG: Molecular and phenotypic expansion suggests clinical management guidelines.
- Author
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Albokhari D, Ng BG, Guberinic A, Daniel EJP, Engelhardt NM, Barone R, Fiumara A, Garavelli L, Trimarchi G, Wolfe L, Raymond KM, Morava E, He M, Freeze HH, Lam C, and Edmondson AC
- Subjects
- Glucosyltransferases genetics, Glycosylation, Humans, Phenotype, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation diagnosis, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation genetics, Congenital Disorders of Glycosylation therapy
- Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation are a continuously expanding group of monogenic disorders of glycoprotein and glycolipid glycan biosynthesis. These disorders mostly manifest with multisystem involvement. Individuals with ALG8-CDG commonly present with hypotonia, protein-losing enteropathy, and hepatic involvement. Here, we describe seven unreported individuals diagnosed with ALG8-CDG based on biochemical and molecular testing and we identify nine novel variants in ALG8, bringing the total to 26 individuals with ALG8-CDG in the medical literature. In addition to the typical multisystem involvement documented in ALG8-CDG, our cohort includes the two oldest patients reported and further expands the phenotype of ALG8-CDG to include stable intellectual disability, autism spectrum disorder and other neuropsychiatric symptoms. We further expand the clinical features in a variety of organ systems including ocular, musculoskeletal, dermatologic, endocrine, and cardiac abnormalities and suggest a comprehensive evaluation and monitoring strategy to improve clinical management., (© 2022 SSIEM.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. ANKLE2-related microcephaly: A variable microcephaly syndrome resembling Zika infection.
- Author
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Thomas AX, Link N, Robak LA, Demmler-Harrison G, Pao EC, Squire AE, Michels S, Cohen JS, Comi A, Prontera P, Verrotti di Pianella A, Di Cara G, Garavelli L, Caraffi SG, Fusco C, Zuntini R, Parks KC, Sherr EH, Hashem MO, Maddirevula S, Alkuraya FS, Contractar IAF, Neil JE, Walsh CA, Bellen HJ, Chao HT, Clark RD, and Mirzaa GM
- Subjects
- Animals, Drosophila melanogaster, Humans, Syndrome, Microcephaly genetics, Nervous System Malformations, Zika Virus genetics, Zika Virus Infection congenital, Zika Virus Infection diagnosis
- Abstract
Objective: This study delineates the clinical and molecular spectrum of ANKLE2-related microcephaly (MIC), as well as highlights shared pathological mechanisms between ANKLE2 and the Zika virus., Methods: We identified 12 individuals with MIC and variants in ANKLE2 with a broad range of features. Probands underwent thorough phenotypic evaluations, developmental assessments, and anthropometric measurements. Brain imaging studies were systematically reviewed for developmental abnormalities. We functionally interrogated a subset of identified ANKLE2 variants in Drosophila melanogaster., Results: All individuals had MIC (z-score ≤ -3), including nine with congenital MIC. We identified a broad range of brain abnormalities including simplified cortical gyral pattern, full or partial callosal agenesis, increased extra-axial spaces, hypomyelination, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia, and enlarged cisterna magna. All probands had developmental delays in at least one domain, with speech and language delays being the most common. Six probands had skin findings characteristic of ANKLE2 including hyper- and hypopigmented macules. Only one individual had scalp rugae. Functional characterization in Drosophila recapitulated the human MIC phenotype. Of the four variants tested, p.Val229Gly, p.Arg236*, and p.Arg536Cys acted as partial-loss-of-function variants, whereas the c.1421-1G>C splicing variant demonstrated a strong loss-of-function effect., Interpretation: Deleterious variants in the ANKLE2 gene cause a unique MIC syndrome characterized by congenital or postnatal MIC, a broad range of structural brain abnormalities, and skin pigmentary changes. Thorough functional characterization has identified shared pathogenic mechanisms between ANKLE2-related MIC and congenital Zika virus infection. This study further highlights the importance of a thorough diagnostic evaluation including molecular diagnostic testing in individuals with MIC., (© 2022 The Authors. Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Neurological Association.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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