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El objetivo de este artículo es la obtención de sendos modelos de predicción del fracaso empresarial en una muestra emparejada y otra aleatoria de pequeñas y medianas empresas con domicilio en Castilla y León (España), a fin de determinar si el poder predictivo de los modelos elaborados está afectado por el método utilizado para seleccionar la muestra objeto de cada estudio. Para ello, consideramos como variables independientes un conjunto de ratios financieros, que reducimos a partir de la aplicación previa de un análisis de componentes principales. Mediante regresión logística, identificamos los factores que mejor predicen el fracaso en ambas muestras, observándose diferencias no solo en las variables significativas, sino también en los resultados de clasificación, lo que conforma la influencia del método de muestreo en los modelos. || This paper focuses on the development of both failure prediction models on a paired sample and a random sample of small and medium-sized firms with head offices located in the region of Castilla y León (Spain), in order to prove if the predictive power of the developed models is affected by the method used to derive the sample aim of each study. To estimate both models, we consider a set of financial ratios as independent variables in each one, which is first reduced by the application of a principal components analysis. Next, a logistic regression analysis is applied to identify those variables that best explain and predict failure in the two samples, where differences in the significant variables and the classification results are observed, which confirms the influence of the sampling method on the business failure prediction results.

Background: Caesarean section is necessary to save the lives of mothers and newborns at times, but it is important to perform it only when it is essential due to all the risks involved. This study aimed to examine the rate of caesarean sections performed at a tertiary hospital using the Robson classification to detect methods for the detection of and/or reduction in these caesarean section rates. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of a retrospective database was carried out. Results: A total of 10,317 births were assessed. The Robson classification was used to assess these interventions and verify whether the indication for performed caesarean sections was appropriate. In total, 2036 births by caesarean section were performed in the whole sample. The annual caesarean section rate varied between 18.67% and 21.18%. Conclusions: Caesarean sections increased by about 20% in 2021 compared to 2020 even though the trend over the years of study was decreasing. Vaginal delivery after caesarean section is a reasonable and safe option. Caesarean section rates could be improved, mostly in Robson's Group 2. The Robson classification facilitated progress in the implementation of measures aimed at improving care and adjusting caesarean section rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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In view of the demographic changes which are taking and will take place in Spain, as well as the uncertainty about the ability of the public social security system to meet the obligations it has acquired, mutual provident societies are offering complementary services within a mixed social security system. Due to the limited attention that the literature has paid to these societies, the aim of this paper is to acquire a deeper knowledge of these companies by drawing multiple comparisons between these organisations and another type of mutual called industrial accident and occupational illness mutual insurance companies, using the Scheffé test. Special attention will be paid to the regions of Catalonia and the Basque Country, which are the most active Spanish regions in developing mutualism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to focus on the development of a business failure prediction model on a sample of small and medium-sized firms with head offices located in the region of Castilla y León (Spain), in order to prove the significance of non-financial information on the prediction of business failure. Design/methodology/approach – In order to reach the authors' aim, one of the most used predictive statistical methods in this field (logistic regression) is applied, in which the authors consider financial ratios and non-financial information as potential variables to predict failure. But before developing the respective models, in order to reduce the number of variables, a principal components analysis (PCA) is first applied. Then, the achieved results with this analysis are used in the prediction step, so as to estimate the models. Findings – The results of the predictive method show that non-financial information, which becomes significant in the developed models, helps financial ratios to improve the ability to predict failure, so any business failure model should also consider both types of information to be accurate. Originality/value – Most of the developed business failure prediction models have used a paired sample with the same number of failed and non-failed firms, which has the drawback of not being representative of the population from which it is chosen. In order to obtain a representative sample, a random sampling method is applied, on the basis of the population size and composition. The selected sample assures that parameter estimates are not inconsistent and biased, as the statistical methods assume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study tests a new framework for capturing the different training needs required to become interculturally competent. Indications for the need for specialized training methods differentiated by target segments are provided. Many researchers have suggested that an overgeneralization of cultural differences within a proposed framework can lead to a gap between the skills being learned and the application of these skills in organizational practices. It has been also suggested that a 'one-size-fits-all' approach might not be effective, as various aspects of the training need to be tailored in order to fit the culture and the specific organization. Comparing the short-term and long-term benefits of various training options, a problem arises when an individual has learned to be competent within a particular cultural setting but, in fact, she or he is not able to transfer that knowledge and use it appropriately in another cultural setting. We used a questionnaire to test not only the dimension of intercultural competence but also the level of emotional intelligence, communication styles, and character traits and the degree of correlation of these concepts. We also compare low-context and high-context cultures as an attempt to distinguish different subcategories of different cultural trends and needs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Introduction: disease-related malnutrition has a negative impact on the outcome in surgical patients. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of nutritional risk in the field of vascular surgery, as well as its consequences on patient outcome and health expenditure. Patients and methods: this is a prospective, observational study conducted during 6 months in a vascular surgery ward at the University Hospital of León, Spain. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool was used to obtain data on admission and then every 7 days until hospital discharge. Clinical variables, surgical intervention performed, medical-surgical complications, hospital stay, healthcare costs, and early readmissions were studied. Results: a total of 104 patients, 84.6 % males, with a mean age of 69 (SD: 13) years were enrolled. Of these, 46.2 % were admitted due to peripheral arterial disease; 10.6 % had a positive MUST at the time of admission and 19.2 % at discharge; 100 % of malnourished patients at admission remained in the same situation at discharge. During hospitalization, in 29 patients (27.9 %) the nutritional situation worsened. In all, 81.25 % of patients who experienced worsening of their MUST score had been admitted urgently (p < 0.05). Patients who required urgent surgery significantly worsened in terms of their nutritional status (p < 0.001). Patients with worsening nutritional status obtained higher rates for: surgical reintervention (p < 0.05), pharmaceutical expense (p = 0.017), total hospital expense (€1,000/patient/admission), transfers to chronic care centers (p = 0.0002), and number of early readmissions (p = 0.017). Conclusion: patients with nutritional risk suffered an increase in medical-surgical complications, hospital stay, healthcare costs, and re-admission rates. Therefore, we consider that an implementation of screening procedures and the development of further studies in the vascular surgery setting are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Caesarean section is necessary to save the lives of mothers and newborns at times, but it is important to perform it only when it is essential due to all the risks involved. This study aimed to examine the rate of caesarean sections performed at a tertiary hospital using the Robson classification to detect methods for the detection of and/or reduction in these caesarean section rates., Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study of a retrospective database was carried out., Results: A total of 10,317 births were assessed. The Robson classification was used to assess these interventions and verify whether the indication for performed caesarean sections was appropriate. In total, 2036 births by caesarean section were performed in the whole sample. The annual caesarean section rate varied between 18.67% and 21.18%., Conclusions: Caesarean sections increased by about 20% in 2021 compared to 2020 even though the trend over the years of study was decreasing. Vaginal delivery after caesarean section is a reasonable and safe option. Caesarean section rates could be improved, mostly in Robson's Group 2. The Robson classification facilitated progress in the implementation of measures aimed at improving care and adjusting caesarean section rates.

Introduction: Introduction: disease-related malnutrition has a negative impact on the outcome in surgical patients. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of nutritional risk in the field of vascular surgery, as well as its consequences on patient outcome and health expenditure. Patients and methods: this is a prospective, observational study conducted during 6 months in a vascular surgery ward at the University Hospital of León, Spain. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool was used to obtain data on admission and then every 7 days until hospital discharge. Clinical variables, surgical intervention performed, medical-surgical complications, hospital stay, healthcare costs, and early readmissions were studied. Results: a total of 104 patients, 84.6 % males, with a mean age of 69 (SD: 13) years were enrolled. Of these, 46.2 % were admitted due to peripheral arterial disease; 10.6 % had a positive MUST at the time of admission and 19.2 % at discharge; 100 % of malnourished patients at admission remained in the same situation at discharge. During hospitalization, in 29 patients (27.9 %) the nutritional situation worsened. In all, 81.25 % of patients who experienced worsening of their MUST score had been admitted urgently (p < 0.05). Patients who required urgent surgery significantly worsened in terms of their nutritional status (p < 0.001). Patients with worsening nutritional status obtained higher rates for: surgical reintervention (p < 0.05), pharmaceutical expense (p = 0.017), total hospital expense (€1,000/patient/admission), transfers to chronic care centers (p = 0.0002), and number of early readmissions (p = 0.017). Conclusion: patients with nutritional risk suffered an increase in medical-surgical complications, hospital stay, healthcare costs, and re-admission rates. Therefore, we consider that an implementation of screening procedures and the development of further studies in the vascular surgery setting are necessary.