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To discover the "coordinative effect" within MEA‐polyamines, the non‐catalytic CO2 absorption‐desorption tests were conducted within tri‐solvents of "MEA‐TETA (triethylenetetramine)‐DEEA (N, N‐diethylethanolamine)/AMP(2‐amino‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanol)" at specific concentrations of.1 ~.5 + 2 + 2 mol/L for the first time. The energy efficient combinations were detected of MEA‐TETA based tri‐solvents with solid acid catalysts, from catalytic CO2 desorption experiments onto MEA‐TETA‐DEEA/MEA‐TETA‐AMP with several commercial solid acid catalysts: blended γ‐Al2O3/H‐ZSM‐5 = 2:1, H‐mordenite, H‐Beta (Hβ), HND‐580, and HND‐8. Three parameters were adopted to evaluate desorption activity: average desorption rate, heat duty, and desorption factors (DFs). After analyses, the.1 + 2 + 2 mol/L MEA‐TETA‐AMP with catalyst HND‐8 possessed the best CO2 desorption at 95–98°C with biggest DF. The desorption ability of DEEA was better than AMP, but with aid of solid acid catalyst, the AMP can release more CO2 than DEEA due to weak stability of AMP‐CO2− carbamate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To achieve the CO2 emission control as the urgent task of Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutrality, the CO2 desorption experiments were performed with a new tri-solvent MEA-EAE(2-(ethylamino)ethanol)-DEEA(N, N-diethylethanolamine) with five solid acid catalysts: blended catalysts of γ-Al2O3/H-ZSM-5 = 2:1, H-Beta (Hβ), H-mordenite, HND-8, and HND-580 as H2SO4 replacement. A series of sets of experiments were performed in a typical recirculation process by means of both heating directly at 363 K and temperature programming method within 303~358 K to evaluate the key parameters: average desorption rate (ADR), heat duty (HD), and desorption factors (DF). After analyses, the 0.5 + 2 + 2 mol/L MEA-EAE-DEEA with catalyst HND-580 possessed the best CO2 desorption act at relatively low amine regeneration temperatures with minimized HD and the biggest DF among the other catalysts. Comparing with other tri-solvents + catalysts studied, the order of DF was MEA-BEA-DEEA + HND-8 > MEA-EAE-DEEA + HND-580 ≈ MEA-EAE-DEEA + HND-8 > MEA-EAE-AMP + HND-8. This combination has its own advantage of big cyclic capacity and wider operation region of CO2 loading range of lean and rich amine solution (αlean~αrich), which is applicable in an industrial amine scrubbing process of a pilot plant in carbon capture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rats fed with high-fat-high-sucrose (HFHS) diet are known to manifest metabolic syndrome including hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, hyperglycemia, diabetic dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. The aim of the current study is to determine the temporal relationships between the development of hepatic steatosis and the onset of insulin and leptin resistance in hypothalamus and liver in male Wistar rats (six weeks of age) fed chow or HFHS diet for up to 8 weeks. Fasting plasma glucose, lipids/lipoproteins, insulin and leptin levels were quantified, histopathologic score of hepatic steatosis and inflammation were assessed, and the responses of common checkpoints of insulin and leptin signalling responsible for lipogenesis and gluconeogenesis were analyzed. In addition, acute insulin or leptin administration was performed at different stages of HFHS dieting to determine the responsiveness of the respective signalling pathways. Hyperinsulinemia, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and increased homeostasis model assessment of basal insulin resistance occurred 1-week after HFHS dieting, coinciding with upregulation of suppressor of cytokine signalling 3 in both hypothalamus and liver. However, hepatosteatosis, accompanied with increased expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, did not manifest until 4- to 8-week after HFHS dieting. Lowered insulin sensitivity (shown by decreased insulin receptor substrate 1 and protein kinase B phosphorylation) occurred approximately 2 weeks prior to leptin resistance (shown by impaired signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation) in both the liver and hypothalamus. Acute insulin/leptin administration also demonstrated the impaired insulin or leptin signalling transduction. These data suggest that lowered insulin sensitivity and leptin resistance occurred at least 2–3 weeks earlier than the manifestation of hepatosteatosis in rats fed HFHS diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate into the method of "multi activity index evaluation and combination optimized of mult-component" for Chinese herbal formulas., Method: According to the scheme of uniform experimental design, efficacy experiment, multi index evaluation, least absolute shrinkage, selection operator (LASSO) modeling, evolutionary optimization algorithm, validation experiment, we optimized the combination of Jiangzhi granules based on the activity indexes of blood serum ALT, ALT, AST, TG, TC, HDL, LDL and TG level of liver tissues, ratio of liver tissue to body., Result: Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combining with criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC) for multi activity index evaluation was more reasonable and objective, it reflected the information of activity index's order and objective sample data. LASSO algorithm modeling could accurately reflect the relationship between different combination of Jiangzhi granule and the activity comprehensive indexes. The optimized combination of Jiangzhi granule showed better values of the activity comprehensive indexed than the original formula after the validation experiment., Conclusion: AHP combining with CRITIC can be used for multi activity index evaluation and LASSO algorithm, it is suitable for combination optimized of Chinese herbal formulas.