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Indoor team sports are characterized by matches that are shorter in duration and with frequent substitution (high-intensity intermittent). The main goal of teams is to best cover athletes' physiological demands, while meeting their dietary intake needs is critical. The aim of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the dietary intake of indoor team sports athletes and to analyze whether they comply with nutritional recommendations. A search of PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from 2008 to July 2022 was conducted and 2727 documents were identified. The studies focused on adult professional or semi-professional volleyball, basketball, handball, or futsal athletes. Two independent researchers screened and extracted the data, with 20 documents included after they met the inclusion criteria. Most of the athletes, both men and women, did not meet the official recommendations based on under-consumption (energy and carbohydrates) or over-consumption (fats). In relation to protein, 28.6% of studies met the recommendations, with 50% of those who did not meet it being due to under-consumption. Although there are references on athletes' dietary intakes, there are no references considering sexes or types of sport. More adapted recommendations are needed in order to more precisely evaluate athletes' intake to know if they meet their real nutritional requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: It seems relevant to analyze the body composition in the early childhood. However, there is not an agreement in the protocol to assess body composition in this age range/group.Objective: To determine the most useful equation to estimate the body fat percentage that preschool children contain and the utility of the waist-to-height ratio to determine abdominal obesity.Methods: We measured (weight, height, waist circumference and skinfolds) in 285 children aged 2 to 7 years old. BMI Z-Score, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage were estimated by Brook and Lukaski, Siri, Goran, Slaughter, Deurenberg, Huang, Dezenberg and Hoffman equations.Results: It was found 26% combined overweight and obesity, with similar distribution in both sexes. The body fat obtained with the Hoffman equation (15.6-31.9%) showed the highest correlation with children BMI Z-Score. Waist-to-height ratio also presented a good relationship with children weight status. There were not significant differences between gender and body fat percentage or waist-to-height ratio.Conclusions: Hoffman equation and waist-to-height ratio could be adequate to estimate body fat percentage and abdominal obesity respectively in Spanish preschool children from medium-low socioeconomic status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: interpretation of accelerometer-derived physical activity in preschool children is confounded by differences in cut-off points.Aim: the purpose of this study was to analyze physical activity in 2-to-7-year-old children to establish reference values for daily activity.Methods: observational study in children aged 2-7 years, without chronic diseases and whose parents provided informed consent. The main variable was physical activity, measured continuously over 120 hours (three workdays and two weekend days) by accelerometer. Secondary variables were weight status (body mass index [BMI] Z-score) and gender. The relationship between the main variable and secondary variables was determined through the t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient. A multivariate model was used to obtain the standard deviation (SD) of all possible combinations of values, constructing percentiles of normality (x ± SD and x ± 2·SD).Results: one hundred and thirty-six children (35% of municipality children) were included in the study (54.4% of them were girls). Their weight status distribution was: 25 underweight (18.4%), 54 normal weight (39.7%), 12 risk of overweight (8.8%), 22 overweight (16.2%) and 23 obese (16.8%). The median age was 5.7 years and the mean physical activity was 592 counts/minute. The boys undertook more physical activity (p = 0.031) and the underweight and normal-weight children undertook more physical activity than the overweight and obese children (p = 0.012). There were no significant differences according to age. The multivariate analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.001) according to gender and weight status. In boys, physical activity decreased as weight status increased. In contrast, the girls in the extreme BMI groups obtained higher levels of physical activity.Conclusion: overweight and obese preschool children had lower levels of physical activity than normal weight children. Physical activity levels were higher in boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this paper is to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome predictors in 2-to-7- year-old children according to nutrition state. Method: A descriptive study with quantitative analysis was conducted in 260 2-to-7-year-oId children (135 girls and 125 boys), 66% of the total census. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and BMI, body fat by Hoffman and waist-to-height ratio (ICT) were calculated. Subgroups according BMI Z-Score by age and gender (low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity), body fat (normal and excess), ICT (normal and abdominal obesity) and systolic pressure (normotensive and hypertensive by age and gender) were performed. BMI Z-Score classification was primary endpoint used. Results: Combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27%, with no difference by sex. Nutritional state was significantly associated with blood pressure, body fat and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio. Higher percentage of obese children had high systolic blood pressure versus normal weight children (OR = 4.1; 95% Cl 1.7-9.8; p <0.001). Higher hypertension risk was found in abdominal obesity group (OR = 84.4,95% Cl 17.8-194.0; p <0.001). ICT correlates with groups of systolic blood pressure (p <0.00I). Distribution by ICT is consistent with the BMI Z-Score ones, increasing abdominal obesity with BMI (in 96.8% of obese match both criteria). Conclusion: A direct relation between overweight and obesity with hypertension, body fat and abdominal obesity in preschoolers is presented. It is showed the validity of accessible anthropometric (ICT and body fat percentage) to study metabolic syndrome risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different parameters to express the loss of weight in the treatment of overweight and obesity: absolute loss, percentage of loss, decrease in BMI, etc. Objective: To determine the magnitudes more used in the bibliography in order to establish criteria for uniformity in the expression of those results. Methods: a systematic review of the last five years has made at Proquest, CINHAL, Scopus, with descriptors “body fat distribution" and “diet" and “diet, reducing" and “weight loss". Articles published in English, French and Spanish were selected. Inclusion criteria were used: articles only dietary treatment of overweight in humans, and exclusion criteria: not dietary treatments, metabolic diseases, less than 50 patients and less than 8 weeks of treatment. Title, summary, methodology, results and discussion have been analysed by two researchers independently. Results and discussion: 854 items found, only 61 met the criteria. These were grouped into 5 subgroups, as they expressed the weight loss (weight or fat loss in kg; weight and fat loss in kg; weight or fat loss in %; weight loss in % and fat loss in kg or vice versa; weight and far loss in%). The results show a lack of homogeneity in the loss, being the percentage the most used expression. Conclusions: There is great heterogeneity in the expression of results of the treatments for weight loss; the diet is one of the least used tools; the analysis of clinical trials of intervention reflects a high quality in subjects older than 18 years, highlighting the lack of this type of research lines in children under 18 years. Therefore, it should standardize the magnitudes of expression of the success of these treatments and increase the lines of research on this topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción: es importante el ejercicio físico en el niño. Su evaluación es necesaria, pero los métodos de autorreporte no ofrecen garantías durante estas edades. Por ello, como objetivo se ha estudiado la eficacia de la actimetría en la medida de la actividad física (AF). Material y métodos: estudio transversal en niños de 2-7 años, de un municipio de Alicante (España). De 394 niños/ niñas censados de estas edades, han participado con consentimiento informado 136. Se midió peso, talla y calculó IMC, Z-Score (1) y AF con acetímetros Actigraph GT3X (5 días), calculándose los movimientos/minuto y la energía consumida mediante el "teorema del esfuerzo" (kcals/minuto = 0,0000191 x cuentas/min x peso corporal [kg]). Se realizaron 4 subgrupos: bajo peso Zs ≤ -1, normopeso Zs -0,99-0,99, sobrepeso Zs ≥ 1 y obesidad Zs ≥ 2 (2). Y según cuartiles de la actividad física, al carecer de valores de normalidad para población de estas edades (3). Se utiliza mediana (intervalo intercuartílico, IQ) al no presentar distribución normal. Resultados: edad = 5,7 (IQ = 2,5) años. No existen diferencias significativas entre sexos en antropometría, ni en distribución según estado nutricional: 25 (18,4%) bajopeso, 35 (25,7%) normopeso, 40 (29,4%) sobrepeso y 36 (26,5%) obesidad. Actividad = 581 (IQ = 90) cuentas/minuto. Sus cuartiles fueron: Q1 ≤ 497; 497 < Q2 ≤ 580; 580 < Q3 ≤ 688 y Q4 ≥ 688 cuentas/ minuto. La distribución según estado nutricional y cuartil de AF es diferente significativamente (p < 0,001). El 31,3% actividad sedentaria (Q1) tenían sobrepeso y 28,1% obesidad. A mayor AF, menor % obesos; El 50% de obesos presentan AF ligera (Q2), el 14,7% moderada (Q3) y solo el 11,8% intensa (Q4). El porcentaje de energía consumida es 16(IQ = 8), 18 (IQ =7), 16 (IQ = 6) y 22 (IQ = 10) kcal/min (p > 0,001), según grupo creciente de nutrición El análisis multivariante de regresión logística binaria (p < 0,001), mostró que mayor Q de AF relaciona con menor estado nutricional (B = -1,55, IC95%: -2,02a-1,08, p < 0,001), menor edad (B = -1,33, IC 95%: -1,72a -0,93, p < 0,001) y mayor gasto energético (B = 0,02, IC 95%: 0,02-0,03, p < 0,001). Sexo sin diferencias significativas. Conclusiones: estos niños tienen AF baja. Los factores de riesgo para baja AF son mayor edad y estado nutricional. Por la teoría del esfuerzo físico, tienen mayor consumo energético los obesos, aunque se mueven menos. En la prevención y tratamiento del sobrepeso infantil hay que promover el ejercicio físico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Observation of weight loss and the maximum time that individualized dietary treatment qualitative and quantitative is shown to be effective. Method: 4625 consultations were conducted with 616 patients over 25 years old, in the nutrition consultation, using the qualitative and quantitative individualized dietary treatment. As a result we controlled the weight loss, the fat and the quality and variability of the loss, monthly according to sex, age and HMI in an urban area of southeastern Spain. Results and discussion: A low level of abandonment was proved in men, patients older than 45 years old compared to obese showed a higher degree. The quality of the loss was greater in men under 45 years old, overweight patients, however, more research is needed in this area. Measuring the waist and hips has led to an increasing interest in measuring indicators of body fat. Conclusion: The individualized dietary treatment has been proved to be effective for six months and then a multidisciplinary mode of this treatment is recommended. The use of new ways to assess weight loss is proposed taking into consideration the quality and variability of loss, regardless of the treatment used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: interpretation of accelerometer-derived physical activity in preschool children is confounded by differences in cut-off points., Aim: the purpose of this study was to analyze physical activity in 2-to-7-year-old children to establish reference values for daily activity., Methods: observational study in children aged 2-7 years, without chronic diseases and whose parents provided informed consent. The main variable was physical activity, measured continuously over 120 hours (three workdays and two weekend days) by accelerometer. Secondary variables were weight status (body mass index [BMI] Z-score) and gender. The relationship between the main variable and secondary variables was determined through the t-test, ANOVA and the Pearson correlation coefficient. A multivariate model was used to obtain the standard deviation (SD) of all possible combinations of values, constructing percentiles of normality (x ± SD and x ± 2·SD)., Results: one hundred and thirty-six children (35% of municipality children) were included in the study (54.4% of them were girls). Their weight status distribution was: 25 underweight (18.4%), 54 normal weight (39.7%), 12 risk of overweight (8.8%), 22 overweight (16.2%) and 23 obese (16.8%). The median age was 5.7 years and the mean physical activity was 592 counts/minute. The boys undertook more physical activity (p = 0.031) and the underweight and normal-weight children undertook more physical activity than the overweight and obese children (p = 0.012). There were no significant differences according to age. The multivariate analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.001) according to gender and weight status. In boys, physical activity decreased as weight status increased. In contrast, the girls in the extreme BMI groups obtained higher levels of physical activity., Conclusion: overweight and obese preschool children had lower levels of physical activity than normal weight children. Physical activity levels were higher in boys.

Introduction: It seems relevant to analyze the body composition in the early childhood. However, there is not an agreement in the protocol to assess body composition in this age range/group., Objective: To determine the most useful equation to estimate the body fat percentage that preschool children contain and the utility of the waist-to-height ratio to determine abdominal obesity., Methods: We measured (weight, height, waist circumference and skinfolds) in 285 children aged 2 to 7 years old. BMI Z-Score, waist-to-height ratio and body fat percentage were estimated by Brook and Lukaski, Siri, Goran, Slaughter, Deurenberg, Huang, Dezenberg and Hoffman equations., Results: It was found 26% combined overweight and obesity, with similar distribution in both sexes. The body fat obtained with the Hoffman equation (15.6-31.9%) showed the highest correlation with children BMI Z-Score. Waist-to-height ratio also presented a good relationship with children weight status. There were not significant differences between gender and body fat percentage or waist-to-height ratio., Conclusions: Hoffman equation and waist-to-height ratio could be adequate to estimate body fat percentage and abdominal obesity respectively in Spanish preschool children from medium-low socioeconomic status.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to determine the presence of metabolic syndrome predictors in 2-to-7- year-old children according to nutrition state., Method: A descriptive study with quantitative analysis was conducted in 260 2-to-7-year-old children (135 girls and 125 boys), 66% of the total census. Anthropometric parameters and blood pressure were measured and BMI, body fat by Hoffman and waist-to-height ratio (ICT) were calculated. Subgroups according BMI Z-Score by age and gender (low weight, normal weight, overweight and obesity), body fat (normal and excess), ICT (normal and abdominal obesity) and systolic pressure (normotensive and hypertensive by age and gender) were performed. BMI Z-Score classification was primary endpoint used., Results: Combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27%, with no difference by sex. Nutritional state was significantly associated with blood pressure, body fat and abdominal obesity as waist-to-height ratio. Higher percentage of obese children had high systolic blood pressure versus normal weight children (OR = 4.1; 95% CI 1.7-9.8; p <0.001). Higher hypertension risk was found in abdominal obesity group (OR = 84.4, 95% CI 17.8-194.0; p <0.001). ICT correlates with groups of systolic blood pressure (p <0.001). Distribution by ICT is consistent with the BMI Z-Score ones, increasing abdominal obesity with BMI (in 96.8% of obese match both criteria)., Conclusion: A direct relation between overweight and obesity with hypertension, body fat and abdominal obesity in preschoolers is presented. It is showed the validity of accessible anthropometric (ICT and body fat percentage) to study metabolic syndrome risk factors., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Observation of weight loss and the maximum time that individualized dietary treatment qualitative and quantitative is shown to be effective., Method: 4625 consultations were conducted with 616 patients over 25 years old, in the nutrition consultation, using the qualitative and quantitative individualized dietary treatment. As a result we controlled the weight loss, the fat and the quality and variability of the loss, monthly according to sex, age and BMI in an urban area of southeastern Spain., Results and Discussion: A low level of abandonment was proved in men, patients older than 45 years old compared to obese showed a higher degree. The quality of the loss was greater in men under 45 years old, overweight patients, however, more research is needed in this area. Measuring the waist and hips has led to an increasing interest in measuring indicators of body fat., Conclusion: The individualized dietary treatment has been proved to be effective for six months and then a multidisciplinary mode of this treatment is recommended. The use of new ways to assess weight loss is proposed taking into consideration the quality and variability of loss, regardless of the treatment used., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: There are different parameters to express the loss of weight in the treatment of overweight and obesity: absolute loss, percentage of loss, decrease in BMI, etc., Objective: To determine the magnitudes more used in the bibliography in order to establish criteria for uniformity in the expression of those results., Methods: a systematic review of the last five years has made at Proquest, CINHAL, Scopus, with descriptors "body fat distribution" and "diet" and "diet, reducing" and "weight loss". Articles published in English, French and Spanish were selected. Inclusion criteria were used: articles only dietary treatment of overweight in humans, and exclusion criteria: not dietary treatments, metabolic diseases, less than 50 patients and less than 8 weeks of treatment. Title, summary, methodology, results and discussion have been analysed by two researchers independently., Results and Discussion: 854 items found, only 61 met the criteria. These were grouped into 5 subgroups, as they expressed the weight loss (weight or fat loss in kg; weight and fat loss in kg; weight or fat loss in %; weight loss in % and fat loss in kg or vice versa; weight and far loss in%). The results show a lack of homogeneity in the loss, being the percentage the most used expression., Conclusions: There is great heterogeneity in the expression of results of the treatments for weight loss; the diet is one of the least used tools; the analysis of clinical trials of intervention reflects a high quality in subjects older than 18 years, highlighting the lack of this type of research lines in children under 18 years. Therefore, it should standardize the magnitudes of expression of the success of these treatments and increase the lines of research on this topic., (Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.)